Williams 1302 Test 6

QUESTION 1

In general, litter with a C/N ratio greater than 30 leads to

immobilization

, litter with a C/N ratio less than 20 leads to

mineralization

, and litter with a C/N ratio of 20-30 leads to

a balance of immobilization and mineralization

resulting in no

net

N production. If garlic mustard leaf litter collected on the forest floor had 43.2 percent C and 1.16 percent N, this tissue would lead to __________. (hint: divide C by N)

immobilization
	mineralization
a balance of immobilization and mineralization
preferential consumption

QUESTION 2

The rate of net primary productivity can be limited directly by the availability of ____________.

organic nutrients in the soil solution

inorganic nutrients in the soil solution

organic carbon in the soil solution

inorganic carbon in the soil solution

QUESTION 3

Which of the following nutrients is most closely linked to the energy cycle in

ecosystem

s?

Carbon

Nitrogen

Lead

Sulfur

QUESTION 4

Which region contains the largest amount of the global carbon pool?

Fossil fuels

Aboveground terrestrial systems

Ocean

Atmosphere

QUESTION 5

What happens to most of the nitrogen in a leaf every autumn?

It is resorbed by the tree.

It is released as N2 gas.

It is broken down in soil.

It is consumed by decomposers.

QUESTION 6 Match to question below

mineralization

A.	respiration
B.	eutrophication
C.	de nitrification
D.	fossil fuels
E.	nitrate
F.	bacteria
G.	leached
H.	nitrogen saturation
I.	organic
J.	gross
K.	nitrification
L.	weathering
M.	carbon
N.
O.	wetfall
P.	ammonification
Q.	photosynthesis
R.	decomposition
S.	retranslocation
T.	net
U.	ecosystem

________ is the process by which plants absorb a portion of their nutrients from senescing tissues to be stored and used for the production of new tissues.

The breakdown of chemical bonds that were formed during the construction of plant and animal tissues is called ________.

The release of organically bound nutrients into an inorganic form is called ________.

The introduction of high levels of nutrients into a body of water is called ________.

Precipitation brings appreciable quantities of nutrients into ecosystems that are collectively called ________.

Large quantities of nutrients are bound tightly in ________ structure; they are not readily available until released by the activities of decomposers.

Some nutrients are ________ from the soil and carried out of ecosystems by underground water flow to streams.

The element ________ is a basic constituent of all organic compounds and is involved in the fixation of energy by photosynthesis.

The difference between the rate of carbon uptake in photosynthesis and the rate of carbon loss due to autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration is the net ________ productivity.

Nitrogen is generally available to plants in only two forms: ammonium and ________.

Biological nitrogen fixation is accomplished by symbiotic ________ living in mutualistic association with plants.

Nitrogen can be returned to the atmosphere when certain bacteria convert it from nitrate into nitrogen gas, which is a process called ________.

Microbial decomposition of organic matter results in NH4+ production through a process called ________.

Nearly all of the phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems comes from the ________ of calcium phosphate minerals.

___________ develop as a result of incomplete decomposition of organic matter in swamps and marshes.

The process of ____________ produces a form of nitrogen that is easily lost from soil through leaching.

____________ is when too much nitrogen enters an ecosystem and causes forest decline.

_________ primary productivity is the total rate of photosynthesis or energy assimilated by plants.

Plants assimilate energy through the process of _______________.

___________is the process that releases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 7

First describe three ways that nutrients can be lost from an ecosystem; then describe how nutrients are replaced in those systems.
Your response should be at least 75 words in length.

Question 8

Describe the movement of an atom of nitrogen from the leaf of a plant, through the process of decomposition, and back into the root of another plant.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.