Week 7 Discussion
Please find the attached documents and link below.
Discuss the benefits of virtualization software, as described in the text. Do you agree/disagree with these benefits, or can you think of additional benefits not already presented? Also discuss the security concerns highlighted by server sprawl and how you would propose to solve those in your (real or hypothetical) organization.
Please make your initial post and two response posts substantive. A substantive post will do at least TWO of the following:
· Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
· Answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructor
· Provide extensive additional information on the topic
· Explain, define, or analyze the topic in detail
· Share an applicable personal experience
· Provide an outside source (for example, an article from the UC Library) that applies to the topic, along with additional information about the topic or the source (please cite properly in APA)
· Make an argument concerning the topic.
At least one scholarly source should be used in the initial discussion thread. Be sure to use information from your readings and other sources from the UC Library. Use proper citations and references in your post.
Discussion 2:
Mobile devices (smartphones) are the number one Internet-connected device. Mobile devices are also a threat to organizations’ networks as these devices have storage mediums, Near Field Communication (NFC), and other technological advances that make them undeniable dangerous as an access point for malicious individuals. We carry them nearly everywhere we go. Android is an open-source that allows customization to the operating system and is considered static. While iOS is not open source and controlled by Apple, however, users can jailbreak them which lowers the security and expose the device to vulnerabilities.
What process do you propose to mitigate the threats towards mobile devices?
Response Guidelines
Participants must create a thread in order to view other threads in this forum.
Main Post is due by the end of Wednesday (250 words).
2 Responses (100 words) using at least one of the following:
· Ask a probing question.
· Offer a suggestion.
· Elaborate on a particular point.
· Provide an alternative opinion.
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN2018)
ISBN: 978-1-5386-4119-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 64
Virtualization in Cloud Computing- a Study
Manjeet Singh
Directorate of Education
Government of NCT of Delhi, India
E-Id: er.manjeet106@gmail.com
Abstract— The recent past have experienced tremendous
rise and popularity of technologies like cloud computing
and virtualization. Cloud computing is a construct that
allows us to access applications that actually reside at a
location other than your computer, most often, this will be
a distant data center. Many organizations have already
started implementing these technologies to further reduce
costs through improved resource utilization. Cloud
Computing and virtualization enable users to use
applications on internet and intranet. In Cloud computing
many of the services relies heavily on virtualized
hardware. Because of this, we carefully reviewed existing
virtual hardware services in order to both understand how
the process works and to find the service that is best suited
to Cloud computing and virtualization in different
situations.
Keywords—Cloud Computing; Virtualization; Virtual Machine;
Resource Utilisation; Data Center.
I. INTRODUCTION
In Cloud computing, virtualization is the basis of
delivering Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) that separates
data, network, applications and machines from hardware
constraints. Cloud computing is becoming popular among IT
businesses due to its agile,flexible and cost effective services
being offered at Software, Platform and In-frastructure level.
Software as a Service (SaaS) allows users to access
applications hosted by different vendors on Cloud via internet.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) enables developers to code, test
and deploy their applications on IaaS. In infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) model, Cloud provider’s offer services such as
computing, network, storage and databases via internet. IaaS is
the base of all Cloud services with PaaS and SaaS both built
upon it. The primary features of IaaS are elasticity and
virtualization. Virtualization enables a single system to
concurrently run multiple isolated virtual machines (VMs),
operating systems or multiple instances of a single operating
system (OS) [1].
Cloud Suite relies heavily on virtualized hardware.
Because of this, we carefully reviewed existing virtual
hardware services in order to both understand how the process
works and to find the service that is best suited to Cloud Suite.
Virtualization is one of the oldest areas of interest in
computer science. One of the most successful examples of
virtualization is the Java Virtual Machine (J V M) [3]. Using
the J V M allows the Java programming language to produce
identical results regardless of the instruction set architecture
(ISA) that is used by the hardware platform. This is because,
for all intents and purposes, the compiled Java code is running
on the same machine hyphen albeit in a virtual setting. As
long as a system has a J V M installed that can translate Java
byte code into the appropriate ISA, then the results will be
identical.
The Java virtual machine allows one piece of virtual
hardware to be present on multiple discrete systems. Software
like V M Ware allows multiple virtual hardware systems to be
present on a single piece of physical hardware. Creating
multiple virtualized hardware images on a single piece of
physical hardware is one of the cornerstones of cloud
computing. These concurrent virtual images are made possible
by a hypervisor. Various types of virtualization exists such as
Client virtualization, Storage virtualization and Server
virtualization in cloud computing.
II. NEED, BENEFITS AND CONS OF VM MIGRATION
VM Migration is at the core of cloud computing. The
needs and benefits of virtualization are as follows [2]:
Multiple Systems: With virtualization we can run
multiple applications even on different operating
system on the same physical hardware.
Power Management: We can improve the power
utilization.
Improve Resource Utilization: The resource utilization
is increased with the virtualization.
Load Balancing: Load can be distributed on available
resources.
Maintenance and Servicing.
It improves system availability.
It is scalable, as per the requirement with time.
Security is provided by running multiple servers in
isolation.
The major hurdle with the virtualization is that the network
load during the migration increases which results in the
increase of communication cost. One side effect of this is that
performance of application running on virtual machine
degraded.
III. VIRTUAL MACHINE PLACEMENT TECHNIQUES
The various algorithms implemented earlier for VM
Placement in data centers are First Fit, Next Fit, Random Fit,
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN2018)
65
Least full First, Most Full First, First Fit Decreasing (Single
Dimension), First Fit Decreasing Product, First Fit Decreasing
Sum, Dot Product, Minimizing Angle. First fit, next fit and
random fit algorithms are simple algorithms. These algorithms
do not consider the resource capacities needed for placing
virtual machine and not consider the resource consumptions in
physical machines. Least full first, most full first, first fit
decreasing (single dimension) algorithms are designed based
on CPU capacity. First fit decreasing product, first fit
decreasing sum and dot product algorithms are designed for
multi dimensional resources. In these algorithms,
physical/virtual machines’ resource volumes are calculated
using all resources capacities. In minimizing angle algorithm
all resources are involved directly for placing virtual
machines. In this algorithm different resource consumptions
are balanced so that physical machines are minimized. This
algorithm concentrates on balancing resources instead of
maximizing resource usage of physical machines in each
dimension. After all these Virtual Machine Placement
algorithms, Modification of the Best Fit Decreasing (BFD)
algorithm is implemented in cloud data centers for placement
of Virtual Machines.
IV. SOME MAJOR CLOUD AND VIRTUALIZATION
SERVICE PROVIDER
Google (Google App Engine)
Google App is great for all types of applications such as
Business, Consumer, Marketing, Mobile, and Website [4].
Easy to Build: By using the familiar development
tool it will allow the user to buildup and get started
app quickly
Easy to Scale: It can serve any number of users and
automatically responds to data traffic change.
Easy to Manage: Administer app through the
centralize app web console always actives and
works, can’t need software installation, server or
backup etc.
Easy to Storage: GAE advanced storage
infrastructure gives benefits to companies to store
and access their data
Highly Scalable.
Flexible Security and sharing.
Fast data access.
Reliable Storage Access.
Table 1: Comparison of service providers over various matrices
Google [4] Amazon [6] Microsoft [5]
Cloud
Provider Google App Engine Amazon EC2 Azure
Service
Mode PaaS /SaaS Provider PaaS/ SaaS Provider and IaaS PaaS/ SaaS Provider and IaaS
Develop
Support Web service
Web service;
Windows console application;
Virtual Instance
Virtual machine
Feature Easy to build; Easy to scale; Easy to manage, inexpensive.
Elastic; Completely Controlled;
Flexible; Designed for use with
other Amazon Web Services
Reliable; Secure; Easy to Start.
Always up. Always on; Open;
Unlimited servers. Unlimited
storage. Powerful Capabilities.
Compute
model[65]
Predefined application structure and
framework; programmer-provided
“handlers” written in Python, all
persistent state stored in MegaStore
(outside Python code);
Automatic scaling up and down of
computation and storage; network
and server failover; all consistent
with 3-tier Web app structure
x86 Instruction Set Architecture
(ISA) via Xeon VM; Computation
elasticity allows scalability, but
developer must build the machinery,
or third party VAR such as Right
Scale must provide it
Microsoft Common Language
Runtime (CLR) VM; common
intermediate form executed in
managed environment;
Machines are provisioned based
on declarative
descriptions (e.g. which “roles”
can be replicated); automatic load
balancing
Storage MegaStore/BigTable
DynamoDB;SimpleDB;Rel ational
Database Service (RDS);
ElastiCache
Azure storage service
Support
SQL Cloud SQL
–
SQL Azure
Availability 100% 99.97% 99.95%
Free Usage Limitation usage in 1 GAE unite Micro-Linux-instance 3 month for free
Table 1 shows comparison of these service providers over various matrices.
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN2018)
66
Microsoft (Windows Azure)
Microsoft windows azure is an open cloud platform
which enable user to build deploy and manage applications
across global network of Microsoft datacenters. The user can
build applications by using any kind of language, tool or
framework.net, node.js, java, php, it give facility to its
customer that whatever language you want to install you can
install and use it [5].
Always up and always on: Microsoft window azure
claim that its deliver services 99.95% to its users and
enable its users to build and run highly available
application without focusing on its infrastructure.
Open: MWA is open source, it give facilities to its
customer for using any kind of language, framework,
or tool to build their applications.
Unlimited Server and Unlimited Storage: MWA
enable its customer to easily scale their applications
to any size. Window Azure is available on multiple
datacenters around the world, which enable its users
to deploy their application near to their customers.
Powerful Capabilities: MWA can deliver flexible
cloud computing platform which can assure any
application need. Its distributed caching and CDN
service allow user to minimize latency and deliver
great application performance anywhere in world [5].
Amazon EC2(aws.amazon.com)
Compute: Amazon is scale to meet user application
demands whether it’s one server or large cluster [6].
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).
AEC is web service which provides resizable
compute capacity in cloud. Amazon EC2 web service
allows users to obtain and build up with minimal
friction. Amazon EC2 provides complete control to
their users for computing resources and let them run
on Amazons computing environment.
Networking: In networking Amazon customize and
control user network resources, both inside and
outside the cloud [6].
V. VIRTUAL LABS
Creating a cloud based ad hoc laboratory system, such as
Cloud Suite, requires a variety of different technologies. The
primary technology that is necessary for Cloud lab is hardware
virtualization. Fortunately there are numerous examples
available to us. We will perform an examination of hardware
virtualization services in general and a specific exploration of
the services offered by Amazon.com. In addition to
virtualization we will also explore: existing virtual lab
environments, templating systems, remote storage solutions,
and finally, A P Is and Frame Works [7].
i. Amazon.com Elastic Compute Cloud
On August 25, 2006, Jeff Bezos announced the limited
beta of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud [8], referred to as
Amazon E C 2. Amazon E C 2 is a service that allows users
to, essentially, rent computational resources on an as needed
basis. This type of service is made possible by using the Xen
hypervisor, Xen allows Amazon E C 2 to create Virtual
Private Servers as demand requires. These virtual servers
make use of operating systems that have been optimized for
paravirtualization. Once the end user has customized the
virtual machine to their liking they are then able to save it as
an Amazon Machine Image, or A M I.
An A M I is a system image that has been created to be
used with E C 2. Users may customize these A M Is with their
own software packages allowing an A M I to be tailored for
any task. The Amazon Simple Storage Service (S 3) [9] is
used extensively in the code written for Cloud Suite. S 3
allows a user to upload and download files using H T T P
requests. Amazon Simple Storage Service, like the rest of
Amazon Web Services, is not free semicolon however at the
time of writing, Amazon offers a free tier of service available
for the one year [9].
Amazon, and various 3rd parties, provide S D Ks that
allow developers to interact with Amazon Web Services. The
framework for Cloud Suite is written using S D Ks for P H P,
Python (Boto) and Unix forward slash Linux command line.
However S D Ks exists for multiple platforms and languages.
The provided S D Ks greatly ease interaction with the cloud
services provided by Amazon.
ii. Google Compute Engine
Amazon is far from the only available option for cloud
services. Google recently announced ‘Google Compute
Engine’ [10] , a service similar to Amazon E C 2, in addition
to the long standing Google App Engine. In the next section
we will take a closer look at cloud services offered by
providers other than Amazon.com.
iii. Heroku
Heroku {11] deservers special consideration because it is
one of the best examples of a platform for executing arbitrary
programs in the cloud. Heroku allows the end user to develop
an application and leave the running of that application up to
Heroku. The developer pushes code to Heroku using the Git
version control system. Once the code is present, Heroku
relies upon H T T P requests to interface with the client
application.
iv. Google App Engine
Google App Engine (G A E) [12] is another service similar
to Heroku semicolon however, Google App Engine places a
number of restrictions on what code developers may use.
Unlike an Infrastructure as a Service provider, G A E places
limits on what code may be executed as well as only allowing
the proprietary Google Query Language as a data store.
v. Eucalyptus
Extensive research on cloud technology has been
performed at University of California, Santa Barbara (U C S
B). Two of the most well known products of that research are
Eucalyptus and App Scale.
Eucalyptus is an open source emulator for Amazon E C 2
that can be run on local clusters square [13] . Since the initial
release of Eucalyptus, it has grown to become a commercial
success, and is included in the Ubuntu operating system.
vi. App Scale
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN2018)
67
AppScale is an open source implementation of several
cloud A P Is, including Google App Engine. App Scale can be
deployed over Amazon E C 2, Eucalyptus, or an Ubuntu
image. App Scale uses virtualization to provide a uniform
experience across multiple cloud platforms.
vii. Coursera – Online Education
With the growth of high speed internet access to distance
learning has become increasingly more accessible. In addition
to universities supplementing their courses with online
offerings, many universities are also making classes available
online for free. Coursera is a central location where those
seeking to improve their education may participate in free
online classes from sixteen universities including: Caltech,
Stanford, and Princeton. Additionally many universities have
begun offering free classes online for no credit. One such
offering from University of California, Berkley made use of
Heroku to allow students to publish a web based application
and see results in real time. The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology also offers free online courses. It is important to
note that these online courses typically do not confer any sort
of degree or certificate, Coursera being notable in that some of
it ‘courses do offer an electronic certificate of completion
[14]. Courses offered online could make great use of a service
like Cloud Suite to provide their students with an interactive
lab component.
viii. Khan Academy
Khan Academy is a not for profit online educational
resource. Khan Academy offers videos explaining a variety of
topics. In addition to videos Khan Academy also offers a web
based set of tools for developing mathematical proficiency. In
late 2012 Khan Academy introduced Computer Science
curriculum that offers programming instruction and
demonstration. The programing curriculum is based on the
Java Script language and is overseen by John Resig [15]. The
program is designed to demonstrate the fundamentals of
computer science to someone with little to no experience.
ix. University of Hawaii Virtual Lab
In 2007 the Department of Educational Technology at the
University of Hawaii at Mano published a paper detailing an
experiment where an online biology class made use of a C D
hyphen ROM based virtual wet lab. The study compared the
use of a virtual lab to what the study referred to as a ‘face to
face’ lab. The data analysis showed that, while students found
the virtual labs to be useful, face – to -face lab time was more
valuable to the overall learning experience than a purely
computer-based lab. The study was primarily focused on the
effectiveness of the virtual lab and did not give great detail on
the technology [16].
x. Navy Virtual Lab
The Naval Postgraduate School (N P S) [17] has developed
a distance learning solution that allows non – resident students
to perform signal processing laboratory assignments. The
Electrical and Computer Engineering department has
developed an innovative mix of hardware and software to
allow students to access lab equipment regardless of their
location. The collection of signal generators and field
programmable gate arrays allow students to perform
experiments in real time.
VI. CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is basically a framework that allows us
to access applications that actually reside at a location other
than your computer. Virtualization is a technique to provide
abstraction between the hardware and software of a computer
system. In virtualization we create a virtual version of a
resource (generally computer system or application running on
it). The virtualization and cloud computing makes the
resources available to a remote location. Some resources are
shared between multiple users and accessed at the same time.
The technique uses the resource sharing and increase the
system utilization.
The Computer is virtualized in a clustered computing
environment controlled by Cloud computing to fully utilize
the computing and storage. The cloud will provide dynamic
resource allocation to ensure effective system utilization
through carefully monitoring of resource workload and
available physical resources, and providing managed solutions
on a continual basis. The most important aspect of
virtualization is to develop a platform that students can access
remotely without time and location constraints. The Cloud
provides a segregated virtual environment without affecting
any system outside of the cloud as well as other virtual
systems within the cloud.
REFERENCES
[1] Security Aspects of Virtualization in Cloud Computing. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273950406_Security_Aspects_
of_Virtualization_in_Cloud_Computing
[2] R M Sharma The impact of Virtualization in Cloud Computing
International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and
Technology Website: www.ijrdet.com (ISSN 2347-6435(Online)
Volume 3, Issue 1, July 2014).
[3] Oracle “The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine” http: // docs .oracle
.com / javase / jvms / se7 / html / jvms – 2.html
[4] “Google cloud services – App Engine”. [Online]. Available:
http://www.google.com/enterprise/cloud/appengine/.
[5] “Windows Azure: Cloud Computing, Cloud Services , Cloud
Application Development”. [Online]. Available:
http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/.
[6] “Amazon Web Services”. [Online]. Available: http://aws.amazon.com/.
[7] Drew Alex C, Cloud Suite- Ad Hoc Laboratories Using Cloud Resource,
California State University, Channel Island.
[8] EGI “European Grid Infrastructure” n.d. Web. http:// www.egi.eu/about/
[9] Amazon Web Services “Amazon S3 Pricing” http://aws.amazon.com/s3/
[10] Google Cloud Platform “Google Compute Engine” http
cloud.google.com/products /compute – engine .html.
[11] Robinson, Tom. “Re: How does Heroku Work”
http://www.quora.com/Scalability/.
[12] Google Developers “Google App Engine General Questions” https://
developers .google .com / appengine / kb / general.
[13] Eucalyptus “Why Eucalyptus” http:// www.eucalyptus.com / why –
eucalyptus.
[14] Coursera, “Support Center” http:// help.coursera.org/ customer/ portal/
articles / 557884 – will-each-class-that-i-complete – 02.
[15] Kahn Academy. “Talks and Interviews” http://
www.khanacademy.org/talks-and-interviews/v/khan-academy-
computer-science-launch.
[16] Stuckey – Mickell, Tracey, Stuckey – Danner, Bridget, Taylor, Brandon. [17] Cristi, Roberto. “ EC3400 Digital Signal Processing FFPGA Laboratory 2019International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing (Com-IT-Con), India, 14th -16th Feb 2019
978-1-7281-0211-5/19/$31.00 2019 ©IEEE 129 A Detailed Study of Azure Platform & Its Cognitive Ankita Verma, Dhutima Malla, Amrit Kaur Choudhary, Vasudha Arora Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
Faridabad, India vasudha.fet@mriu.edu.in
Abstract—Windows Azure is the Microsoft’s conveyed Keywords— Windows Azure, Resources, Services, I. INTRODUCTION Azure is a foundation for fleeing data in the cloud. Instead of 130
II. WINDOWS AZURE COMPONENTS [3]
i. Computer: Windows procedure can run a gathering of CLOUD ARCHITECTURE:
Dispersed considering can be separated along with two different perspectives fills in as the working redirection III.TOOLS AVAILABLE EVERY COMPANY BASED ON CLOUD:
Distributing merchants are passing on the plague of unused AZURE CLOUD STORAGE MODEL:
Azure ability “gives chose, monotonous limit inside the
Figure 1: Windows Azure components [1]
Fig 2. Cloud Architecture [10] 131
SQL Azure Database: We are capable make utilization of accommodation, which fuses counting, as an administered CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODEL: i. Private Cloud: Private cloud is another term that a few ii. Public Cloud: Open cloud depicts dissipated enlisting inside iii. Crossover Cloud: Crossover cloud other than known as CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES:
Platform As A service: Platform as a service [4] (PaaS) is a i. Software As A Service: Software as a service [4] (SaaS) ii. Infrastructure As A Service: Infrastructure as a service [4] iii. WINDOWS AZURE: The Face API Service, a cloud-based organization that gives
Fig3. Windows Azure Cloud Storage Model [3]
Fig 4. Cloud Deployment Model [4]
Fig 5. Microsoft Cloud Computing Architecture (Source
Microsoft) [4]
Fig 6. Face API in Azure [7] 132
FACE DETECTION:
Detection result [16]: “color”: “blond”,
Fig 7. Example of Face Detection [16] 133
}, FACE/EMOTION RECOGNITION:
Face affirmation is extensively used in various circumstances Detection result [16]: JSON: “faceRectangle”: { 1. Face Verification: Face API affirmation plays out a 2. Finding Similar Faces: Given a goal recognized face and 3. Face Grouping: Given one course of action of cloud
Fig 8. Example of Face Recognition [16] 134
the appearances in a comparable get-together can be 4. Face Identification: Face API can be used to perceive IV. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
We might want to truly convey our caring gratefulness to Dr. REFERENCES
[1] “Windows Azure Platform: An Era for Cloud Computing”,
Madhurima et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer [2] Dong Xu, “Cloud Computing: An Emerging Technology”, [3] “Cloud Computing: Windows Azure Platform”, Volume 3, No. 1, [4] “Windows Azure Paas Cloud: An Overview”, International [5] Rimal, B., Choi, E., and Lumb, I. (2009). A Taxonomy and [6] [6] Sujay. R, “Hybrid Cloud: A New Era”, International Journal of [7] Windows Azure platform: [8] David Chappell, A white paper on “Introducing The Azure [9] Moother, J.; Bhatt, V. (2009): A cloud computing solution for [10] “Cloud Computing: Overview & Current Research Challenges”, [11] S. Zhang, S. F. Zhang, X. B. Chen, and X. Z. Huo, “The [12] B. R. Kandukuri, R. Paturi V, A. Rakshit, ―Cloud Security [13] A Platform Computing Whitepaper. ―Enterprise Cloud [14] Global Netoptex Incorporated. ―Demystifying the cloud. [15] Vaquero, L.M.; Radero-Merino, L.; Linder, M. (2009): A break in [16] Face Application Programming Interface: [17] SQL Azure: http://www.microsoft.com/en- [18] T. Zou, R. Bras, M. Salles, A. Demers and J. Gehrke, “ClouDiA: a [19] P. Kalagiakos “Cloud Computing Learning,” 2011 5th [20] B. Grobauer, T. Walloschek, and E. Stöcker, “Understanding Managing and Using Information Systems: Keri Pearlson, Carol Saunders, © Copyright 2016 Chapter 6 2 Mohawk Paper Opportunity: Cloud, SOA, XML technology allowing them to make service the primary focus, collaborate with network of partners, incorporate flexibility into the process. Can shift quickly from outsourced to insourced for projects. From Vision to Implementation 4 From abstract to concrete 5 The Manager’s Role 6 From Strategy to Architecture © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7 Example From Business Requirements to Architecture 9 The Example Continues From Architecture to Infrastructure 11 From Architecture to Infrastructure 12 The Example Continues © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. A Framework for the Translation 14 Component What Who Where Information systems analysis framework. Click to edit Master text styles 15 Figure 6.3 Infrastructure and architecture analysis framework with sample questions. Click to edit Master text styles 16 Common IT Architecture Configurations Software-Defined Architecture New Technologies Architectural Principles © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Enterprise Architecture (EA) Virtualization and Cloud Computing Source: Computerworld Aug 4, 2008 Examples of Systems Provided in the “Cloud?” Source: Computerworld Aug 4, 2008 and CRN website Assessing Strategic Timeframe Assessing Adaptability Assessing Scalability Other Assessments Assessing Financial Issues 28 Managing and Using Information Systems: © Copyright 2016 AbstractConcrete 2/21/2020 Originality Report
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Running head: BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN 1
BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN 4
Business Process Redesign
Rupesh Pasam
The Cumberlands
02/15/2020
Business Process Redesign Business process redesign (BPR) is not a very common phrase in the business world. It has become a vital process management tool in the business and has attracted referred to as business process re-engineering. The business redesign process is the practice of restructuring a business’s organization and methods to exploit
its full capabilities and potential. The BPR process has become a valuable tool to make a business process efficient in time and cost (Bhaskar, 2018). According to During the BPR procedure, various factors went right, as I compiled them as the successes experienced in the BPR procedure. There was the experiencing o radical the BPR Process
Despite the various things that went right, and the success experienced, there were a few aspects that went contrary to our expectations. The lack of realization of the Solutions to Failures
Various could have been set up and would have provided practical solutions towards the mitigation of the multiple failures. Setting and scheduling regular meetings References
Bhaskar, L. (2018). Business process reengineering: A process based management tool. Serbian Journal Of Management, 13(1), 63-87. doi: 10.5937/sjm13-
13188
Weerakkody, V., Janssen, M., & Dwivedi, Y.K. (2011). Transformational change and business process reengineering (BPR): Lessons from the British and Dutch
public sector’. Government Information Quarterly, 28 (3), 320-328.
1 2 2
2 BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN 1
Original source
A.1 Business Process Redesign
2 BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN 4 Original source Business Process Redesign Business 3 02/15/2020
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Student paper 99%
Student paper 93%
2 Business Process Redesign Business Original source Business Process Redesign Business 4 The business redesign process can also Original source Business Process Redesign is likewise 2 The business redesign process is the Original source The business process reengineering is 2 Additionally, this paper will provide the Original source Additionally, this paper will provide the 2 BPR improved the quality of products Original source BPR improved the quality of products 2 There was an accomplishment of Original source There was an accomplishment of 2 Through the re-engineering process, the Original source Through the reengineering process, the 2 Failures experienced in the BPR Process Original source Failures experienced in the BPR Process 2 There was also poor communication of Original source There was also poor communication of 2/21/2020 Originality Report https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=5668cefd-2029-4bdb-8e24-ab29886de5f… 4/4
Student paper 99% Student paper 82%
Student paper 100% Additionally, there was the Original source Additionally, there was uncoordinated 2 Setting and scheduling regular meetings Original source Setting and scheduling regular meetings 2 Business process reengineering: A Original source Business process reengineering A 2 10.5937/sjm13-13188 Weerakkody, V., Original source 10.5937/sjm13-13188 Weerakkody, V., 2 Transformational change and business Original source Transformational change and business
“ Virtual Labs in the Online Perceptions and Implications for Policy and
Practice “ , TCC 2007 Proceedings
“ http: / / faculty.nps.edu / dl / eo3404 dl lab / n.d.
Services
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
ankitav061@gmail.com, dhutima.malla98@gmail.com, kauramrit1997@gmail.com,
registering contraption. In this paper, we will learn about the
prelude to the Azure framework. The scattered enlisting stage
outfits clients with assets and associations for an affiliation. We
would in like way talk about azure associations: Register,
structuring, Stockpile, Fabric Controller Mesh, Cellphone,
Holder, Index, Problem-Solving, A.I + M.L, I.O.T, Combination,
Identity, Safety, DevOps, Migrate and The executive’s aids.
Microsoft’s Azure is the standard circled figuring stage which
draws in the client to send and work assets with speed of
adaptability. Our basic work in this paper is to go up against
recognizing confirmation and face attestation utilizing “Face
API” where we will use our own one of a kind codes, for
example, to perceive and see the powers of the all-inclusive
community.
Deployment, Cloud Computing, Face Detection, Face API
Conveyed registering is an unused headway. It is the update
of parallel figuring, dispersed enrolling system arranging, and
is the blend and advancement of Virtualization, Utility
dealing with, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Infrastructure-as-
a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). In the
method for the most current couple of years, apportioned
enlisting viewpoint has seen a to an incredible degree
extraordinary pass closer to its social occasion and it has
changed into a precedent in the quantifiable improvement
district as it ensures fundamental cost decreases and new
fitting undertaking reachable to its purchasers and
providers.[10] Scattered enlisting is a creation manual for
dessert on and continue programming and is being gotten by
the business, for instance, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and
Amazon. A couple of mannequin purposes and stages, for
instance, the IBM ―Azure Cloud structure, the Google App
Engine, the Amazon Cloud, and the Elastic Computing
Platform. Dissipated making prepared is viewed as the
running with an upgrade that will influence distinctive leveled
affiliations and how they manage their IT establishments. The
progress and organization that cloud connection and
association models offer are a key territory of research.
Appropriated processing uses Azure as a phase for its
distinctive organizations, for instance, Analytics, AI, Machine
Learning, IOT, Face API, etc. and engages customers to send
and work resources with the speed of versatility.
giving programming that Microsoft customers can present and
run themselves in solitude PCs. Nowadays, Azure is an
association: Customers utilize it to sprint apps and stockpile
facts & figures on web-accessible devices rued by Microsoft
Corporation. Associations are being offered to the
relationships, customers or both by these applications, Azure
Platform is a web-based distributed technology. Extremely
systematic, changeable and compatible capacity can be
utilized to amass unused apps to remain constant for the cloud
or revive live apps with cloud-based cutoff administrations.
Azure is a Distributed framework that gives progress, for
empowering the Microsoft’s Azure Platform.
Azure proceeds running in Microsoft on machine server
farms. The target of Windows to equip engineers with on-ask
for figure & restrain arrange to have, scale, and regulate web
or cloud applications. The arrange itself surrenders and keeps
it exceptionally possess a duplicate of Windows. Designers
based exclusively on making applications that proceed
running on Windows. Windows backings a solid headway
episode by compromising with its IDE. Windows is an open
organize that underpins both Microsoft and non-Microsoft
tongues and conditions. [2] Azure invites outcast disobedient
and vernaculars, for an occasion, Obscure, python, ruby, and
php. Azure gives a Windows-based figuring and constraint
condition within the distributor. Escaping information within
the distributor is a proper choice for some conditions. The
differing bit of Azure collaborates to form this conceivable.
Microsoft’s Azure Tables provide adaptable, accessible, and
firmly collected as collecting tables. A clear interface to
fixing the tables are granted by Microsoft’s Azure. The tables
are versatile to many of the pieces of stuff and terabytes of
realities may separate transversely named records adjacent
metadata. Solid constrain and development of messages for an
application and are the foremost for the most part seen
clarification behind Web and Laborer portion correspondence
are granted by Microsoft’s Azure [3].
In this paper, we are going conversation around the Azure
Components, Cloud Benefit Suppliers, Cloud Architecture,
Azure Cloud Storage Model and Demystifying the Use of
Face API in Windows Azure. By overcoming with the ideas
of Azure Cognitive Services in this paper, we will build up
software in our next paper in which we will put together our
model to identify n number of appearances precisely.
vocations. Whatever an application does, regardless, it needs
to be done as no short of what one occupation. Azure at that
factor typically runs a variety of examples of each movement,
utilizing worked in load changing as per spread needs
crosswise over them.
ii. Storage: The 2nd stage in Azure is a limit. We have three
journalists perfect here – Blobs, that take after records,
Tables, which are entered and well-shaped limit, and lines,
which let Web Parts and Specialist Parts, provide for one
another.
iii. Fabric Controller: The 3rd sort out in Azure is the
connect controller or App connect. It handles articulations and
association – between Microsoft Windows Azure
applications, and in development from the servers. Ready to
express that we got the opportunity to have that expansive
SQL Server or Database structure and enabling access to an
Azure app, & we will not permit customers of an app in our
framework.
regions, the client and the distributor. By and huge, the client
is associated with the distributor by the methodology for the
net It is additionally productive for a relationship to own an
individual conveyance where a client associates with an
intranet. Regardless, the two conditions are dim other than the
usage of an individual and unbolted framework or
distribution. The customer sends asking the distributor and the
distributor gives the association. Inside the distributor, a focal
server oversees administering the composition and from
organize of the specific distribution orchestrate.
instruments to help adventure IT produce, buy, supervise,
screen, change and track cloud organizations. These gadgets
are proposed to help IT officials free up their budgetary plans
and their staff so both can be used towards progressively key,
a rule of business adventures.
1. Cloud ability: Cloud ability is a money related
administration device for checking and dissecting all cloud
costs over an association.
2. Cloudyn: These instruments are intended to help corporate
IT from over-purchasing Amazon cloud assets.
3. AtomSphere: AtomSphere is a cloud-based programming
Platform as a Service utilized by clients that need to
incorporate their different cloud-based applications with one
another and with on-commence applications.
4. Enstratius: Enstratius gives cross-stage cloud framework
administration for open, private and crossover mists that can
be firmly lined up with an endeavor’s administration and
security prerequisites.
5. Cloud Hub: Conveyed as a bundled incorporation
experience, Cloud Hub and Mule ESB are based on open
source innovation to give brisk, dependable application joining
without seller secure.
distributor”. Microsoft will likely make amassing that is solid
and secure, flexible and helpful. Azure ability awards us to
keep facts for whenever assignment and to save any level of
bits of awareness. [4] Data can be saved in Windows Azure in
4 unique ways i.e.: Queues, SQL Azure Database, Tables,
Blobs.
Blobs: These are handed-down for coordinated estimations
and take after records on our troublesome drive.
Tables: To draw in support to work with a fact in a much
increasingly basic fine-grained method, Azure storing offers
tables. A table has no described graph or perhaps, properties
can have forms.
Queues: This amassing is used to trade messages between
squares of code.
SQL Azure Databases when we require social storing and use
the negotiate-SQL code we are starting at by and by have.
SQL Azure offers a basic subset of SQL Server’s
cloud advantage.
Inside the distributing association show up, sorting out,
orchestrate, storing, and programming foundation is given as
associations that go up or down surprising upon the
captivated. The distributing demonstrate has four guideline
sending models which are:
dealers have begun late used to portray duties that emulate
passed on enrolling on private structures. It is set up inside an
alliance’s inward parts wind datacenter. [12] For E.g.
Eucalyptus Frameworks.
the customary standard sense, whereby resources are
continuously provisioned on a fine-grained, self-advantage
present over the Web, by construes of web applications/web
relationship, from an off-site page removed provider who
offers resources and bills on a fine-grained utility dealing with
the introduction. [13] For E.g. Microsoft Azure & Google
App Motor
Crossbreed cloud could be an individual merchant identified
with at scarcest one outside circulating affiliations, for the
most part coordinated, provisioned as a specific unit, and
included by a tied down a structure. [14] It gives virtual IT
strategies through a blend of both open and private veils of
mist.
sending & advancement condition inside the cloud that
conveys straightforward cloud-based applications to complex,
cloud-empowered applications. PaaS is intended to help the
total web application lifecycle of the building, testing,
conveying, overseeing, and refreshing. PaaS incorporates a
total foundation of servers, stockpiles, organizing, and
middleware improvement apparatuses like business
knowledge administrations (BI), database administration
frameworks, and so forth [4].
allows clients to associate with and make use of cloud-based
applications over the Internet. Basic models are email,
calendaring and office instruments, (for example, Microsoft
Office 365). SaaS gives a whole programming association
which you buy on a compensation as-you-go premise from a
cloud specialist co-op.
(IaaS), a moment figuring foundation, provisioned and
oversaw over the Internet. Rapidly scale here and there with
the request and pay simply for what you utilize. IaaS reasons
you to preserve away from the fee and multifaceted nature of
buying and dealing with your personal bodily servers and
another data center framework [4].
DEMYSTIFYING THE USE OF FACE API IN
the most dynamic face computations. It is a biometric
programming application arranged to do especially perceiving
or checking a man by differentiating and examining structures
subject to the person’s facial structures.
It perceives some places around one human faces in a
photograph and get returned go up against rectangular shapes
for where inside the photograph the appearances are, close-by
defy characteristics which join M.L-ground needs for gesture
highlights. The defy property features accessible are Age,
Feeling, Sexual introduction, Posture, Grin and Facial Hair
adjacent 27 markers for each stands up to inside the image.
[7] The Face API sees up to 64 personal appearances with
higher accuracy oppose an area in a picture. In like manner,
the picture can be appeared by the record in bytes or huge
URL. Face square shape (left, best, width, and stature)
exhibiting the face district in the picture is returned adjacent
each perceived face. On the other hand, defy area expels a
movement of face-related properties, for instance, present,
sex, age, head present, facial hair, and glasses.
For Example:
JSON:
[
{
“faceId”: “2090b697-46a0-497b-95d0-4a965f6dfffd”,
“Rectangleface”: {
“top”: 184,
“left”: 358,
“width”: 157,
“height”: 157
},
“Attributeface”: {
“hair”: {
“bald”: 0.06,
“invisible”: false,
“hairColor”: [
{
“color”: “brown”,
“confidence”: 1.0
},
{
“color”: “black”,
“confidence”: 0.86
},
{
“color”: “red”,
“confidence”: 0.51
},
{
“color”: “other”,
“confidence”: 0.07
},
{
“color”: “gray”,
“confidence”: 0.05
},
{
“confidence”: 0.04
}
]
},
“smile”: 1.0,
“headPose”: {
“yaw”: 3.2,
“pitch”: 0.0,
“roll”: 12.1,
},
“age”: 28.0,
“gender”: “female”,
“facialHair”: {
“moustache”: 0.0,
“beard”: 0.0,
“sideburns”: 0.0
},
“glasses”: “No Glasses”,
“makeup”: {
“eyeMakeup”: true,
“lipMakeup”: true
},
“emotion”: {
“anger”: 0.0,
“contempt”: 0.0,
“disgust”: 0.0,
“fear”: 0.0,
“happiness”: 1.0,
“neutral”: 0.0,
“sadness”: 0.0,
“surprise”: 0.0
},
“occlusion”: {
“foreheadOccluded”: false,
“eyeOccluded”: false,
“mouthOccluded”: false
},
“accessories”: [],
“blur”: {
“blurLevel”: “low”,
“value”: 0.08
},
“exposure”: {
“exposureLevel”: “goodExposure”,
“value”: 0.57
},
“noise”: {
“noiseLevel”: “low”,
“value”: 0.29
}
},
“faceLandmarks”: {
“pupilLeft”: {
“x”: 405.7,
“y”: 220.9
},
“pupilRight”: {
“x”: 477.4,
“y”: 237.3
},
“noseTip”: {
“x”: 439.9,
“y”: 271.3
},
“mouthLeft”: {
“x”: 394.1,
“y”: 287.8
},
“mouthRight”: {
“x”: 463.9,
“y”: 304.6
“eyebrowLeftOuter”: {
“x”: 378.2,
“y”: 198.9
},
“eyebrowLeftInner”: {
“x”: 432.8,
“y”: 210.6
},
“eyeLeftOuter”: {
“x”: 392.7,
“y”: 219.4
},
“eyeLeftTop”: {
“x”: 408.0,
“y”: 217.8
},
“eyeLeftBottom”: {
“x”: 404.0,
“y”: 227.2
},
“eyeLeftInner”: {
“x”: 418.9,
“y”: 226.2
},
“eyebrowRightInner”: {
“x”: 467.8,
“y”: 219.6
},
“eyebrowRightOuter”: {
“x”: 509.9,
“y”: 227.0
},
“eyeRightInner”: {
“x”: 467.0,
“y”: 237.6
},
“eyeRightTop”: {
“x”: 483.1,
“y”: 234.0
},
“eyeRightBottom”: {
“x”: 479.8,
“y”: 245.1
},
“noseLeftAlarOutTip”: {
“x”: 413.7,
“y”: 265.0
},
“noseRightAlarOutTip”: {
“x”: 465.0,
“y”: 277.2
},
“upperLipTop”: {
“x”: 433.8,
“y”: 291.3
},
“upperLipBottom”: {
“x”: 432.0,
“y”: 297.4
},
“underLipTop”: {
“x”: 426.4,
“y”: 309.5
},
“underLipBottom”: {
“x”: 423.2,
“y”: 321.7
}
}
}
]
including security, regular UI, picture content examination
and organization, convenient applications, and apply self-rule.
Four face affirmation limits are given: defy affirmation,
finding equivalent appearances, stand up to the social event,
and individual recognizing proof [7] .
The Face API as of now additionally organizes feeling
affirmation, reestablishing the sureness over a relationship of
affections for each face in the image, for instance, shock,
disdain, irritate, fear, euphoria, neutral, pain and surprise.
These feelings are grasped to be differently and all around
talked with exact outward appearances.
For Example:
1 face detected
[
{
“top”: 56,
“left”: 123,
“width”: 59,
“height”: 59
},
“scores”: {
“anger”: 6.932031E-08,
“contempt”: 1.34474765E-09,
“disgust”: 9.843048E-08,
“fear”: 1.65876812E-10,
“happiness”: 0.9999997,
“neutral”: 4.23310347E-08,
“sadness”: 2.851677E-10,
“surprise”: 1.01985542E-07
}
}
]
check against two distinguished appearances or approval
from one perceived face to one individual question [7].
a game plan of cheerful appearances to look for with, the
organization finds a little course of action of
countenances that look most like the objective face [7].
faces, defy gathering API normally parcels them into a
couple of social affairs considering closeness. [7] Each
get-together is a mixed-up suitable subset of the main
darken confront set and contains relative faces. Also, all
considered to have a place with a comparative individual
inquiry [7].
people in perspective of a recognized face and a people
database (portrayed as a Large Person Group/Person
Group). Make this database early, which can be adjusted
after [7].
Scattered figuring a massive change to web age; it felt the
invigorating impact from the upstream of the industry to
clients. Windows Azure gives an Aperture figuring and
control condition inside the cloud. In this paper, we find that
how they go up against request/perceiving insistence get
into the universe of current advancement. By and large the
upsides of the usage of going up against API inside the
Microsoft Azure that how it makes things present day.
Microsoft’s Windows Azure make with its foundation and
stages affiliations will help & steer the improvement culture
move from on-begin application makers to cloud engineers.
Azure gives an orchestrating and constraint condition inside
the distributor. SQL Azure gives a social DBMS inside the
cloud, adjoining sorting out and information
synchronization.
The Windows Azure programming show can be obliging for
anyone who should make less unpredictable to immediate,
increasingly accessible, and progressively flexible
applications.
As Microsoft Azure gives a phase to develop any of its
organizations. Henceforth in the wake of inquisitive about
on Azure, we will furthermore get significant into the
emotional organizations i.e. Face Application Program
Interface (API) Service. It is furthermore isolated into Face
Detection with properties, Face Recognition and Face
Storage. Face Detection attributes are Emotion Recognition,
Face Identification, Similar Face Search and Face Grouping.
We are intending to use these Face API’s to develop an
application in which the participation of the whole class can
be taken by just clicking a social event picture.
Prateek Jain, Accendere Information Administration
organizations for having any kind of effect and guiding us in
this paper course of action.
Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 2 (2), 2011, 621-623.
International Conference on Computer Design and Applications
(ICCDA 2010), Volume-1, Pgs (100-104).
January 2012, Journal of Global Research in Computer Science.
Journal of Computer Application Issue2, Volume 1 (February
2012), Issn: 2250-1797.
Survey of Cloud Computing Systems. In Fifth International Joint
Conference on INC, IMS and IDC, pages 44–51. IEEE.
Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 2, June 2011.
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure/
Services Platform: An Early Look at Windows Azure, .Net
Services, Sql Services, And Live Services”, Oct 2008.
universities: Virtual computing lab: case study of North Carolina
state university, www.google search engine.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), ISSN: 2278-
0661, ISBN: 2278-8727Volume 8, Issue 1 (Nov. – Dec. 2012), PP
14-22,
Comparison between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing,”
2010 International Conference on Computer Application and
System Modelling (ICCASM), pp. V11-72 – V11-75, DOI= 22-24
Oct. 2010.
Issuesǁ, In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on
Services Computing, pp. 517-520, 2009.
Computing: Transforming IT.ǁ Platform Computing, pp6, 2010.
Important opportunities, crucial choices.ǁ pp4-14. Available:
http://www.gni.com [Dec. 13, 2009].
clouds towards a cloud definition, SIGCOMM Comput.
Communication Rev. 39, pp.50-55.
https://goo.gl/images/HDtBHJ/smiling_human_faces_image
us/sqlazure/default.aspx
deployment advisor for public clouds”, Proceedings of the 39th
International Conference on, Very Large Data Bases, pp. 121-132,
2012.
International Conference on Application of Information and
Communication Technologies (AICT), Baku pp. 1 – 4, DOI=12-14
Oct. 2011.
Cloud Computing Vulnerabilities,” 2011 IEEE Security and
Privacy, pp.50-57, DOI= March/April 2011.
A Strategic Approach – Sixth Edition
and Dennis Galletta
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Architecture and
Infrastructure
What did Mohawk paper see as an opportunity?
What did they do?
What was the result?
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3
Results: 5 times the number of products sold to customers compared to before. Tripled earnings. More customers than before: now 100, previously 10-15 distributors. Automated transactions: saving $1 to $2 million
3
Architecture translates strategy into infrastructure
Home architect develops a blueprint of a proposed house—based on customer
Business architect develops a blueprint of a company’s proposed systems—based on strategy
This “blueprint” is used for translating business strategy into a plan for IS.
The IT infrastructure is everything that supports the flow and processing of information (hardware, software, data, and networks).
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4
– building vs. IT
Must understand what to expect from IT architecture and infrastructure.
Must clearly communicate business vision.
May need to modify the plans if IT cannot realistically support them.
Manager MUST be involved in the decision making process.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6
Manager starts out with a strategy.
Strategy is used to develop more specific goals
Business requirements must be determined for each goal so the architect knows what IS must accomplish.
7
Strategy: Be a customer-oriented company
Goal: 30-day money back guarantee
Business Requirement: ability to track purchases
Business Requirement: ability to track problems
Goal: Answer email questions within 6 hours
Business Requirement: Ability to handle the volume
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9
Business Requirement: Ability to track purchases
Architectural Requirement:
Database that can handle all details of more than a 30-day history
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10
Adds more detail to the architectural plan.
actual hardware, software, data, and networking
Components need coherent combination
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
11
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
12
Architectural Requirement: Database that can handle all details of more than a 30-day history
Functional Specification: be able to hold 150,000 customer records, 30 fields; be able to insert 200 records per hour
Hardware specification: 3 gigaherz Core 2 Duo Server
Hardware specification: half terabyte RAID level 3 hard drive array
Software specification: Apache operating system
Software specification: My SQL database
Data protocol: IP (internet protocol)
13
Considerations for moving from strategy to architecture to infrastructure:
Hardware – physical components
Software – programs
Network – software and hardware
Data – utmost concern: data quantity & format
What-who-where is a useful framework
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
14
Hardware What hardware does the organization have? Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it? Where is it located? Where is it used?
Software What software does the organization have? Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it? Where is it located? Where is it used?
Network What networking does the organization have? Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it? Where is it located? Where is it used?
Data What data does the organization have? Who manages it?
Who uses it?
Who owns it? Where is it located? Where is it used?
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Centralized architecture – All purchases, support, and management from data center
Decentralized architecture – uses multiple servers perhaps in different locations
Service-Oriented architecture – uses small chunks of functionality to build applications quickly.
Example: e-commerce shopping cart
Software-Defined architecture – instantly reconfigures under load or surplus
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
17
Birdbath example: Thanks to the Oprah Winfrey show, sales went from 10 per month to 80,000.
Increased sales seen as an attack with static system
Adaptive system warns other parts of sales fluctuations, preventing lost sales
Famous Coffee Shop example:
WiFi shares lines with production systems; problems in one can be shunted to another
Also, coffee bean automatic reordering; spot market purchasing
High potential for decreasing costs
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
18
Peer to peer architecture: Allows networked computers to share resources without a central server
Wireless (mobile) infrastructure: allows communication without laying wires
Web-based architecture: places information on web servers connected to the Internet
Cloud-based architecture: places both data and processing methods on servers on the Internet, accessible anywhere
Capacity-on-demand: enables firms to make available more processing capacity or storage when needed
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
19
Fundamental beliefs about how the architecture should function
20
The “blueprint” for all IS and interrelationships in the firm
Four key elements:
Core business processes
Shared data
Linking and automation technologies
Customer groups
One example is TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Foundation)
Methodology and set of resources for developing an EA
Specifications are public
Business and IT leaders develop EA together
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
21
Cloud computing refers to:
Resources that are available “on the Internet”
No software for the organization to develop or install (only web browser)
No data for the organization to store (it stays somewhere in the Internet “cloud”)
The provider keeps and safeguards programs and data
This is “infrastructure as a service” (IaaS)
Also available is SaaS (Software as a service)
And there is also PaaS (Platform as a service)
Utility Computing: Pay only for what you use (like power, lights)
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
22
Just some examples
Word processing; spreadsheeting; email (Google Docs: $50 per user annually)
Buying/selling Financial services (Salesforce.com)
Email (Gmail, Hotmail)
Social networking (Facebook)
Business networking (LinkedIn)
Music (iTunes)
Storage (Amazon’s Simple Storage Service—S3)
A server (Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud—EC2)
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
23
Varies from industry to industry
Level of commitment to fixed resources
Maturity of the industry
Cyclicality
Barriers to entry
Also varies from firm to firm
Management’s reliance on IT
Rate of advances affecting the IT management counts on
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
24
Guidelines for planning adaptable IT architecture and infrastructure
Plan for applications and systems that are independent and loosely coupled
Set clear boundaries between infrastructure components
When designing a network architecture, provide access to all users when it makes sense to do so
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
25
Scalability refers to how well a component can adapt to increased or decreased demand
Needs are determined by:
Projections of growth
How architecture must support growth
What happens if growth is much higher than projected
What happens if there is no growth
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
26
Standardization – Common, shared standards are easy to plug in
Maintainability – Can the infrastructure be maintained?
Security – Decentralized architecture is more difficult to secure
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27
Quantify expected return on investment
Can be difficult to quantify
Steps
Quantify costs
Determine life cycles of components
Quantify benefits
Quantify risks
Consider ongoing dollar costs and benefits
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
28
A Strategic Approach – Sixth Edition
Keri Pearlson, Carol Saunders,
and Dennis Galletta
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Owner’s
Vision
Architect’s
Plans
Builder’s
Implementation
StrategyArchitectureInfrastructure
Information
Technology
Building
Abstract
Concrete
Owner’s
Vision
Architect’s
Plans
Builder’s
Implementation
Strategy
Architecture
Infrastructure
Information
Technology
Building
Spring 2020 – InfoTech Import in Strat Plan (ITS-831-52) (ITS-831-53) -… • Week 6 Research Paper: Business Process Redesign
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10:04 AM PST
Week 6 BusinessProcessRedesign x
notable companies. Researchers are still investigating the phenomena, but there are minimal articles published. The business redesign process can also be
Weerakkody, Janssen, & Dwivedi (2011), it is the only method that will produce groundbreaking information. In my practice, being involved in the BPR process, some
factors went right while others went wrong. Additionally, this paper will provide the strategies that were taken to reduce the failures experienced. Success in the BPR
change in business performance. BPR improved the quality of products and services produced by the business through the reduction of fragmentation of the work.
Additionally, through the clear statement of the personnel responsibilities and duties, there was a clear focus on their roles. Workers were able to measure their
outputs and judge their productivity, and if low, they improved. Thus, improvement of performance was one factor that went right. There was an accomplishment of
increasing the competitive advantage of the institution. Through the radical change and alteration of the previous design, the company was able to meet and respond
better to the rising competitive pressure. In my practice, I noted that the business was suffering from the competition and reduced sales to a lack of competitor
monitoring tools such as social media. Thus, with the redesign, the coping with the high competition was another factor that turns outright. Through the re-
engineering process, the business was able to formulate new techniques to meet its preset goals and objectives. The company was only forcing on the traditional
means of meeting their goals, such as the increase of workers to get much more work done. However, through the BPR process, there was the incorporation of new
techniques such as social media and digital advertising and marketing. The BPR process boosted the organization’s sales by a big leap. Failures experienced in
BPR tools by the workers was among the major failures. Lack of awareness in the various tools and techniques by the workers led to the lack of delivery of the
expected results. There was also poor communication of the personnel involved in the BPR process. The re-engineering process is all about working together;
teamwork is essential. Thus, the lack of effective communication led to significant failures experienced in the process. Additionally, there was the uncoordinated and
poor execution of the task in the BPR; thus, some aspects of the process ended up being a total waste of time and money.
with the personnel involved in the BPR process. This would have helped to keep in line with the various goals and objectives. Documentation of the goals and
objectives of the BPR process would have coordination and organization of the multiple tasks. Such policies would have helped in the mitigation of numerous failures.
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Student paper
Student paper
Business Process Redesign
Process Redesign
Student paper
Student paper
process redesign (BPR) is not a very
common phrase in the business world. It
has become a vital process management
tool in the business and has attracted
notable companies. Researchers are still
investigating the phenomena, but there
are minimal articles published.
process redesign (BPR) is not a very
common phrase in the business world It
has become a vital process management
tool in the business and has attracted
notable companies Researchers are still
investigating the phenomena, but there
are minimal articles published
Student paper
be referred to as business process re-
engineering.
referred as Business Process Re-
Engineering
Student paper
practice of restructuring a business’s
organization and methods to exploit its
full capabilities and potential. The BPR
process has become a valuable tool to
make a business process efficient in time
and cost (Bhaskar, 2018). According to
Weerakkody, Janssen, & Dwivedi (2011), it
is the only method that will produce
groundbreaking information. In my
practice, being involved in the BPR
process, some factors went right while
others went wrong.
also a business redesign process, which
is the practice of restructuring a
business’s organization and methods to
exploit its full capabilities and potential It
has also become a valuable tool to make
a business process efficient in time and
cost (Bhaskar, 2018) According to
Weerakkody, Janssen, & Dwivedi (2011),
it’s the only method that will produce
groundbreaking information In my
practice, being involved in the BPR
process, some factors went right while
others went wrong
Student paper
strategies that were taken to reduce the
failures experienced. Success in the BPR
During the BPR procedure, various
factors went right, as I compiled them as
the successes experienced in the BPR
procedure. There was the experiencing o
radical change in business performance.
strategies that were taken to reduce the
failures experienced Success in the BPR
During the BPR procedure, various
factors went right, as I compiled them as
the successes experienced in the BPR
procedure There was the suffering of
radical change in business performance
Student paper
and services produced by the business
through the reduction of fragmentation
of the work. Additionally, through the
clear statement of the personnel
responsibilities and duties, there was a
clear focus on their roles. Workers were
able to measure their outputs and judge
their productivity, and if low, they
improved. Thus, improvement of
performance was one factor that went
right.
and services produced by the business
through the reduction of fragmentation
of the work Additionally, through the
clear statement of the personnel
responsibilities and duties, there was a
clear focus on their roles Workers were
able to measure their outputs and judge
their productivity, and if low, they
improved Thus, improvement of
performance was one factor that went
right
Student paper
increasing the competitive advantage of
the institution. Through the radical
change and alteration of the previous
design, the company was able to meet
and respond better to the rising
competitive pressure. In my practice, I
noted that the business was suffering
from the competition and reduced sales
to a lack of competitor monitoring tools
such as social media. Thus, with the
redesign, the coping with the high
competition was another factor that
turns outright.
increasing the competitive advantage of
the institution Through the radical
change and alteration of the previous
design, the company was able to meet
and respond better to the rising
competitive pressure In my practice, I
noted that the business was suffering
from the competition and reduced sales
to a lack of competitor monitoring tools
such as social media Thus, with the
redesign, the coping with the high game
was another factor that turns outright
Student paper
business was able to formulate new
techniques to meet its preset goals and
objectives. The company was only forcing
on the traditional means of meeting their
goals, such as the increase of workers to
get much more work done. However,
through the BPR process, there was the
incorporation of new techniques such as
social media and digital advertising and
marketing.
business was able to formulate new
techniques to meet its preset goals and
objectives The company was only forcing
on the traditional means of achieving its
goals, such as the increase of workers to
get much more work done However,
through the BPR process, there was the
incorporation of new techniques such as
social media and digital advertising and
marketing, which boosted the
organization’s sales by a big leap
Student paper
Despite the various things that went
right, and the success experienced, there
were a few aspects that went contrary to
our expectations. The lack of realization
of the BPR tools by the workers was
among the major failures. Lack of
awareness in the various tools and
techniques by the workers led to the lack
of delivery of the expected results.
Despite the various things that went right
and the success experienced, there were
a few aspects that went contrary to our
expectations The lack of realization of
the BPR tools by the workers was among
the major failures Lack of awareness of
various tools and techniques by workers
led to the lack of delivery of the expected
results
Student paper
the personnel involved in the BPR
process. The re-engineering process is all
about working together; teamwork is
essential. Thus, the lack of effective
communication led to significant failures
experienced in the process.
personnel involved in the BPR process
The reengineering process is all about
working together teamwork is essential
Thus, the lack of effective communication
led to significant failures experienced in
the process
Student paper 100%
Student paper 100%
2
Student paper
uncoordinated and poor execution of the
task in the BPR; thus, some aspects of
the process ended up being a total waste
of time and money. Solutions to Failures
Various could have been set up and
would have provided practical solutions
towards the mitigation of the multiple
failures.
and poor execution of the task in the BPR
thus, some aspects of the process ended
up being a total waste of time and
money Solutions to Failures Various
policies could have been set up and
would have provided practical solutions
towards the mitigation of the multiple
failures
Student paper
with the personnel involved in the BPR
process. This would have helped to keep
in line with the various goals and
objectives. Documentation of the goals
and objectives of the BPR process would
have coordination and organization of
the multiple tasks. Such policies would
have helped in the mitigation of
numerous failures.
with the personnel involved in the BPR
process, which would have helped to
keep in line with the various goals and
objectives Setting and scheduling regular
meetings with the personnel involved in
the BPR process, which would have
helped to keep in line with the various
goals and objectives Documentation of
the goals and objectives of the BPR
process would have enabled
coordination and organization of the
multiple tasks Such policies would have
helped in the mitigation of numerous
failures
Student paper
process based management tool.
Serbian Journal Of Management, 13(1),
63-87.
process-based management tool Serbian
Journal Of Management, 13(1), 63-87
Student paper
Janssen, M., & Dwivedi, Y.K.
Janssen, M., & Dwivedi, Y.K
Student paper
process reengineering (BPR): Lessons
from the British and Dutch public sector’.
Government Information Quarterly, 28
(3), 320-328.
process reengineering (BPR) Lessons
from the British and Dutch public sector’
Government Information Quarterly, 28
(3), 320-328