Train Wreck

InstructionsMajor Paper Assignment Instructions and Grading RubricThis assignment meets the following Course Learning Objectives:

– Articulate basic drug terminology and drug taking behavior
– Identify the various addictive substances – legal and illegal – and their classifications
– Analyze the reasons people commonly abuse substances
– Analyze how substances affect the mind and body and society

In 2010, The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released a policy statement addressing the complex relationships among children, adolescents, substance abuse, and the media. This assignment requires a critical examination of the AAP publication and a critique of a media portrayal of substance use, with links made to the AAP statement and course material. Conclusions about the implications of the media portrayals and the policies recommended by the AAP also should be made. Successful completion of this paper will require work over multiple weeks. A two paragraph summary of the proposed example of substance use portrayal in the media was due by the end of Week 3. The full paper is due at the end of Week 7.This assignment proceeds in four steps:
Preparation
Step One: Read the AAP Policy Statement located below. Make some notes for yourself about points of agreement or disagreement you have with the statement and specific findings regarding media depictions of substance use that you want to assess when you write the paper.
Step Two: Find a current example of substance use portrayal seen in the media; for example, scenes from a movie, a television show, or a commercial; print ads; or portrayals found in “new media” as discussed in the AAP article. The Internet is a good tool for finding film or television portrayals of substance use as well as examples of print ads if ready access to first-hand media is not available. A two paragraph summary of the proposed example of substance use portrayal in the media that will be used for the paper is due by the end of Week 3. This proposal is a separate assignment and is worth 100 points and 5% of the overall course grade.
Construction
Step Three: Write the paper. Begin the paper with an introduction that summarizes the main findings of the AAP article and previews what will be covered in the coming pages. Next, compare and contrast the portrayal of substance use found in the media with the information learned about that substance in the class and course readings. What messages about the substance are being portrayed? How accurate are those messages relative to the actual data on substance use? Be sure to cite the course readings as needed.
Continue by comparing and contrasting the portrayal of substance use found in the media with the criticism of media portrayals found in the AAP paper. Does the media example match their arguments or contradict them? What links and connections can be made? Be sure to cite the article as needed.
Next, draw some conclusions about the portrayal of substance use found in the media, addressing the following: What are the implications of this type of portrayal? What messages are being sent and to whom? Are those messages an accurate representation of the use of this substance? Should media portrayals be required to be accurate in their depictions of use, showing both positive and negative consequences?
Finally, review the guidelines suggested by the AAP at the end of their policy statement and address the following: Although directed specifically at pediatricians, which of those recommendations is most important? Why? Are these recommendations necessary? If followed, will they be effective in addressing the concerns raised earlier in the article? Be sure to cite sources as needed.
Step Four:The required length of this paper is 11 pages, plus a required a cover page and a reference list. Papers must comply with APA formatting rules, including font size and margins, and must have a scholarly focus and tone. Quoting of published material and use of the first-person “I” are not permitted and will result in point loss. All source material must be paraphrased into your own words and cited appropriately.

https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html

https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/alcohol-withdrawal.html

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12630-016-0771-2

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1635
; originally published online September 27, 2010; 2010;126;791Pediatrics

The Council on Communications and Media
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/4/791.full.html

located on the World Wide Web at:
The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is

of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275.
Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy
published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point
publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned,
PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly

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Policy Statement—Children, Adolescents, Substance
Abuse, and the Media

abstract
The causes of adolescent substance use are multifactorial, but the
media can play a key role. Tobacco and alcohol represent the 2 most
significant drug threats to adolescents. More than $25 billion per year
is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs,
and such advertising has been shown to be effective. Digital media are
increasingly being used to advertise drugs. In addition, exposure to
PG-13– and R-rated movies at an early age may be a major factor in the
onset of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. The American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends a ban on all tobacco advertising in all media,
limitations on alcohol advertising, avoiding exposure of young children
to substance-related (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal
drugs) content on television and in PG-13– and R-rated movies, incor-
porating the topic of advertising and media into all substance abuse–
prevention programs, and implementingmedia education programs in
the classroom. Pediatrics 2010;126:791–799

INTRODUCTION
Although parents, schools, and the federal government are trying to
get children and teenagers to “just say no” to drugs, more than $25
billion worth of cigarette, alcohol, and prescription drug advertising is
effectively working to get them to “just say yes” to smoking, drinking,
and other drugs.1,2 In addition, television programs andmovies contain
appreciable amounts of substance use. Unlike traditional advertising,
media depictions of legal drugs are generally positive and invite no
criticism, because they are not viewed as advertising.3 The result is
that young people receive mixed messages about substance use, and
the media contribute significantly to the risk that young people will
engage in substance use.

ADOLESCENT DRUG USE

Although illegal drugs take their toll on American society, 2 legal
drugs—alcohol and tobacco—pose perhaps the greatest danger to
children and teenagers. Both represent significant gateway drugs and
are among the earliest drugs used by children or teenagers. A pread-
olescent or adolescent who smokes tobacco or drinks alcohol is 65
times more likely to use marijuana, for example, than someone who
abstains.4 The younger the age at which experimentation occurs, the
greater the risk of serious health problems.5 Every year, more than
400 000 Americans die from illnesses directly related to cigarette
use—more than from AIDS, car crashes, murder, and suicide com-
bined.6 More than 100 000 deaths annually can be attributed to exces-

THE COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA

KEY WORDS
adolescence, substance use, alcohol, tobacco, cigarettes, illicit
drugs, TV, movies, Internet

This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
Academy of Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors
have filed conflict of interest statements with the American
Academy of Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through
a process approved by the Board of Directors. The American
Academy of Pediatrics has neither solicited nor accepted any
commercial involvement in the development of the content of
this publication.

www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2010-1635

doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1635

PEDIATRICS (ISSN Numbers: Print, 0031-4005; Online, 1098-4275).

Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy of Pediatrics

FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child
Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of all Children

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sive alcohol consumption,7 including
the death of 5000 people younger than
21 years.8 Drug use also represents
one of many risky behaviors that occur
during adolescence: teenagerswho re-
port that at least half of their friends
are sexually active are 31 times more
likely to drink, 5 times more likely to
smoke, and 22 times more likely to try
marijuana than are teenagers who do
not report such a high prevalence of
sexual activity among friends.9

EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING

The power of advertising to influence
children and adolescents (and adults,
for that matter) is incontrovertible.1,10

Advertising works; otherwise, compa-
nieswould not spend billions of dollars
on it.1 Many ads use celebrity endors-
ers, humor, rock music, or attractive
young models, all of which have been
shown to be effective with children
and adolescents.11 Advertising makes
smoking and drinking seem like nor-
mative activities and may function as a
“superpeer” in subtly pressuring teen-
agers to experiment.12 Research has
revealed that advertising may be re-
sponsible for up to 30% of adolescent
tobacco and alcohol use.13,14

Cigarettes

More money is spent advertising to-
bacco than any drug—an estimated
$15 billion per year,15 almost half of
what the National Institutes of Health
spends each year to study all aspects
of health (www.nih.gov/about/budget.
htm). The tobacco industry (often re-
ferred to as “Big Tobacco”) has en-
gaged in a systematic campaign to
attract underage smokers for decades
and then lied to Congress about it.16–19

Given the demographics of smoking
(1200 deaths per day, half of which are
of middle-aged adults; 50% of smokers
begin by 13 years of age, and 90% of
smokers begin by 19 years of age), the
industry must recruit young people as
smokers.20 Recent statistics show that

they continue to succeed. According to
the 2009 Monitoring the Future study,
nearly half of all teenagers have tried
smoking, as have 20% of all 8th-
graders.21 Cigarette advertising seems
to increase teenagers’ risk of smoking
by glamorizing smoking and smok-
ers.3,20 Smokers are depicted as young,
independent, rebellious, healthy, and
adventurous. By contrast, the adverse
consequences of smoking are never
shown. As a result, the US Surgeon
General concluded in 1994 that ciga-
rette advertising increases young peo-
ple’s risk of smoking.20

The most heavily advertised brands of
cigarettes are also the most popular.22

Tobacco advertising may even trump
strong parenting practices.23 Teen
magazines have attracted an increas-
ing number of cigarette ads since
1965.24–26 Numerous studies have re-
vealed that children or teenagers who
pay closer attention to cigarette ads,
who are able to recall such ads more
easily, or who own promotional items
are more likely to become smokers
themselves.27–31 Joe Camel single-
handedly increased the market share
for Camel cigarettes from 0.5% of ado-
lescent smokers to 32%.32 A recent
meta-analysis of 51 separate studies
revealed that exposure to tobacco
marketing and advertising more than
doubles the risk of a teenager begin-
ning to smoke.33

Alcohol

Approximately $6 billion is spent annu-
ally on alcohol advertising and promo-
tion.34 Similar to tobacco ads, beer
commercials are virtually custom-
made to appeal to children and adoles-
cents, using images of fun-loving, sexy,
successful young people having the
time of their lives.3,35,36 Unlike tobacco
advertising, alcohol advertising faces
few restrictions. For example, whereas
the tobacco industry gave up television
advertising in the 1960s, beer, wine,

and liquor ads are frequently featured
on prime-time television, and young
people view 1000 to 2000 alcohol ads
annually.12,37 Much of the advertising is
concentrated during teen-oriented
shows and sports programming. All of
the top-15 teen-oriented shows con-
tain alcohol ads.38 Currently, teenag-
ers are 400 times more likely to see an
alcohol ad than to see a public service
announcement (PSA) that discourages
underage drinking.39 Teen-oriented
magazines contain 48%more advertis-
ing for beer, 20% more advertising for
hard liquor, and 92%more advertising
for sweet alcoholic drinks than do
magazines aimed at adults of legal
drinking age.40,41

According to the research, the effects
of all of this advertising are increas-
ingly clear.3,42,43 A sample of 9- to 10-
year-olds could identify the Budweiser
frogs nearly as frequently as they
could Bugs Bunny.44 In a study of more
than 3500 South Dakota students, 75%
of 4th-graders and nearly 90% of 9th-
graders recognized the Budweiser fer-
ret ad.45 Many studies have revealed
that exposure to alcohol advertising
results in more positive beliefs about
drinking and is predictive of drinking
during early adolescence and young
adulthood.46–52 The results of several
longitudinal studies have shown a sim-
ilar trend,53,54 although they have
sometimes been mixed.48

Prescription Drugs

Nearly $4 billion is spent annually on
prescription drug advertising.55 Drug
companies now spend more than
twice as much money on marketing as
they do on research and development,
and studies have revealed that the
marketing efforts pay off56: results of a
recent survey of physicians showed
that 92% of patients had requested an
advertised drug.57 Children and teen-
agers get the message that there is a
pill to cure all ills and a drug for every

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occasion, including sexual inter-
course. In the first 10 months of 2004,
drugs companies spent nearly half a
billion dollars advertising Viagra, Lev-
itra, and Cialis.58 Yet, the advertising of
condoms, birth control pills, and emer-
gency contraception is haphazard and
rare and remains controversial.1,59

DRUGS IN ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA

Cigarettes

Scenes with smoking remain common
in movies and, to a lesser extent, on
prime-time television. Hollywood seems
to use smoking as a shorthand for
troubled or antiestablishment charac-
ters, but the smoking status of the ac-
tors themselves is also influential in
whether their characters will smoke
on-screen.60 On prime-time television,
19% of shows portray tobacco use, and
approximately one-fourth of them de-
pict negative statements about smok-
ing.61 In addition, smoking is also found
in nearly one-fourth of all music vid-
eos,62 one-fourth of ads for R-rated
movies, and 7.5% of ads for PG-13 and
PG movies.63

Box-office movies and their subse-
quent video and pay-per-view distribu-
tion have become a major route of ex-
posure to tobacco use. Although the
most recent analyses show that smok-
ing has decreased in popular mov-
ies,64,65 the occurrence remains high. A
content analysis of the top 100 box-
office hits between 1996 and 2004 re-
vealed that tobacco use was depicted
in three-quarters of G-, PG-, and PG-13–
rated movies and in 90% of R-rated
movies.66 Half of all G-rated animated
films between 1937 and 1997 con-
tained tobacco use.67 Although the
most recent content analysis of top-
grossing movies between 1991 and
2009 showed that tobacco use peaked
in 2003 and has since declined, in 2009,
more than half of PG-13 movies still
contained tobacco use.65 But overall,
the percentage of all top-grossing

movieswithout smoking exceeded 50%
for the first time in 2009.65

Unique longitudinal research has re-
vealed that one of the most important
factors in the onset of adolescent sub-
stance use is exposure to others who
use drugs.68 Nowhere is that exposure
greater than on contemporary movie
screens, and teenagers constitute 26%
of the movie-going audience (but only
16% of the US population).69 Results of
a number of correlational and longitu-
dinal studies have confirmed that ex-
posure to television and movie smok-
ing is now one of the key factors that
prompt teenagers to smoke.29,70–77 Ac-
cording to a new meta-analysis, it may
account for nearly half of smoking ini-
tiation in young teenagers.80 In fact, ex-
posure to movie smoking may even
trump parents’ smoking status as be-
ing the key factor in adolescents’ initi-
ation of smoking.73 A prospective study
of more than 3500 teenagers revealed
that exposure to R-rated movies dou-
bles the risk of smoking, even when
controlling for all other known fac-
tors.79 Preadolescents whose parents
forbid them from seeing R-rated mov-
ies are less likely to begin smoking (or
drinking).80 A study of 735 12- to 14-
year-olds, with a 2-year follow-up, re-
vealed that exposure to R-ratedmovies
or having a television in the bedroom
significantly increased the risk of
smoking initiation for white teenag-
ers.81 The movie effect seems not to be
confined to US teenagers but applies
also to teenagers from other countries
as well.82,83

Alcohol

Alcohol remains the number one drug
portrayed on American television: 1
drinking scene is shown every 22 min-
utes, compared with 1 smoking scene
every 57 minutes and 1 illicit drug use
scene every 112 minutes.84 On Music
Television (MTV), teenagers can see al-

cohol use every 14 minutes. An analy-
sis revealed that drugs were present
in nearly half of 359 music videos—
alcohol in 35%, tobacco in 10%, and il-
licit drugs in 13%.85 On prime-time tele-
vision, 70% of programs depict alcohol
use.61 More than one-third of the drink-
ing scenes are humorous, and nega-
tive consequences are shown in only
23%. One study revealed that alcohol
portrayals are as common on shows
for 9- to 14-year-olds as on adult-
oriented shows.86 In popular music,
the average teenager is exposed to
nearly 85 drug references a day, the
majority of which are for alcohol.87

Popular movies are nearly equally rife
with alcohol, with only 2 of the 40
highest-grossing movies not contain-
ing alcohol depictions.88 Even G- and
PG-rated movies contain frequent ref-
erences to alcohol.89,90 And, drinking is
frequently depicted as normative be-
havior, even for teenagers.91

Again, the impact is increasingly clear
from the research. A longitudinal study
of more than 1500 California 9th-
graders revealed that increased televi-
sion and music video viewing was a
risk factor for the onset of alcohol use
among adolescents.92 Results of a Co-
lumbia University study showed that
teenagers who watch more than 3
R-rated films per month are 5 times
more likely to drink alcohol compared
with teenagerswhowatch none.93 Also,
in an intriguing study of 2- to 6-year-
olds (n� 120) who were asked to role-
play in a make-believe store, children
were 5 times more likely to “buy” beer
or wine if they had been allowed to see
PG-13 or R-ratedmovies.94 Finally, good
longitudinal evidence is emerging to
indicate that watching more movie de-
pictions of alcohol is strongly predic-
tive of drinking onset and binge drink-
ing in US adolescents,86,95,96 and the
same results are being found for ado-
lescents from other countries.82,97

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Illegal Drugs

Illicit drugs are rarely seen on televi-
sion,61 with the exception of pro-
grams such as Showtime’s Weeds
and Fox’s That 70s Show. Drug
scenes are more common in movies
(22% of the movies in 1 study con-
tained drug scenes), and no harmful
consequences are shown more than
half of the time.90 Marijuana is the
most frequent drug seen in movies
and seems to be making a comeback
in R-rated movies such as Harold and
Kumar Go to White Castle (2004) and
The Pineapple Express (2008).98 A Co-
lumbia study revealed that viewing
R-rated movies was associated with
a sixfold increased risk of trying
marijuana.93 Hollywood filmmakers
do not seem to understand that hu-
mor tends to undermine normal ad-
olescent defenses against drugs and
legitimizes their use.3 Increased con-
sumption of popular music is also
associated with marijuana use.95,99

NEW MEDIA

The new technologies—the Internet,
social networking sites, and even cel-
lular phones—offer new and prob-
lematic opportunities for adolescent
drug exposure.3,100 A variety of Web
sites sell tobacco products, and few of
them have effective age-verification
procedures.3,101 One national survey of
more than 1000 youths 14 to 20 years
of age revealed that 2% reported hav-
ing purchased alcohol online, and 12%
reported having a friend who did so.102

Prescription drugs can also be pur-
chased online with minimal difficulty.
Popular beer brands use “adver-
games” online to entice a younger au-
dience.103 Teenagers also see consid-
erable alcohol and drug content in
online videos104 and on social network-
ing sites,105 on which 1 study revealed
that 40% of profiles referenced sub-
stance abuse.106

SUMMARY

The so-called war on drugs has been
waged for decades, yet teenagers con-
tinue to use and abuse a variety of sub-
stances, especially tobacco and alco-
hol. The contribution of the media to
adolescent substance use is only re-
cently becoming fully recognized and
appreciated. The Master Settlement
Agreement has greatly restricted to-
bacco marketing by the tobacco com-
panies that signed the agreement.
However, tobacco continues to appear
frequently in movies, and this fact con-
trasts markedly with US reality (ap-
proximately half of the US population
lives in a community with restrictions
on indoor smoking). Moreover, the
case is strong for the argument that
smoking shown in entertainment me-
dia plays a causal role in smoking on-
set. Certainly, it is time to eliminate all
tobacco advertising and to decrease
greatly the depiction of smoking in
mainstream media. Because alcohol
use is still condoned in many venues
and use in moderation may be health-
ful for adults, such severe restrictions
on alcohol advertising and program-
ming may not be indicated. On the
other hand, underage alcohol use does
pose a clear and immediate threat to
the teenagers who use it. Taken to-
gether, the evidence supports strong
actions aimed at the entertainment
industry about media depictions of
tobacco use and strong actions
aimed at motivating and assisting
parents of children and young teen-
agers to restrict access to adult me-
dia venues with excessive substance
use exposure.

Anticipatory Guidance by
Pediatricians

1. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to limit unsupervised me-
dia use and especially encourage
removal of televisions from chil-
dren’s bedrooms. At every well-

child visit, pediatricians should be
asking at least 2 questions regard-
ing media use: (a) How much en-
tertainment media per day is the
child or adolescent watching? and
(b) Is there a television set or In-
ternet access in the child’s or ad-
olescent’s bedroom?107 Research
has revealed that having a televi-
sion in the bedroom is associated
with greater substance use and
sexual activity in teenagers.108

2. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to limit access by children
and young adolescents to televi-
sion venues with excessive sub-
stance use depictions (eg, MTV,
HBO, Showtime, Comedy Central).

3. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to limit younger chil-
dren’s exposure to PG-13 movies
and avoid R-rated movies.29,75–81,109

4. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to co-view media with
their children and teenagers and
discuss the content being viewed.

5. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to turn off the television
during evening meals.

6. Pediatricians should ensure that
their waiting rooms are free of
magazines that accept cigarette
and alcohol advertising.

Community Advocacy by
Pediatricians

7. Pediatricians should encourage
their local school systems to in-
corporate media education into
their curricula. In particular,
drug-prevention programs should
use basic principles of media liter-
acy, designed to imbue skepticism
toward media advertising. Cur-
rently, Drug Abuse Resistance Ed-
ucation (DARE) does not accom-
plish this goal, nor is there any
evidence that DARE is effec-
tive.12,110 More psychologically so-
phisticated drug-prevention cur-

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ricula are available and should be
used.110–113

Legislative Advocacy by
Pediatricians

8. Pediatricians should encourage
Congress to ban tobacco advertis-
ing in all media accessible to chil-
dren, which several European
countries have already done. Such
a ban would seem to be constitu-
tional, given that the US Supreme
Court has already ruled that com-
mercial speech does not enjoy the
absolute First Amendment pro-
tections that free speech does.114

Recently, Congress gave the
Food and Drug Administration
the authority to regulate tobacco
products; however, the tobacco
industry is expected to challenge
any advertising bans.115,116

9. Pediatricians should encourage
Congress to require the alcohol in-
dustry to report its annual expen-
ditures to the Federal Trade Com-
mission, including expenditures
for media venues in which chil-
dren and adolescents represent
more than 10% of the market
share (currently, voluntary adver-
tising restrictions allow for ven-
ues in which up to 30% of the au-
dience is children).

10. Pediatricians should encourage
the alcohol industry to restrict ad-
vertising and product placement
in venues in which more than 10%
of the audience is children and
adolescents.

11. Pediatricians should encourage
the White House Office of National
Drug Control Policy to begin con-
ductingantismokingandanti–teen-
drinking public service campaigns,
including strong antismoking and
antidrinking ads to be placed be-
fore television programming and
movies that have youth ratings

and contain alcohol and tobacco
depictions.

12. Pediatricians should encourage
allocation of more money in media
research, given the importance of
the media on the development and
behavior of children and adoles-
cents. Higher taxes on tobacco
products and alcohol could be
used to fund such research.

13. Pediatricians should encourage
Congress to pass new strict laws
regulating digital advertising
that targets children and
adolescents.100,117

Involvement of the Alcoholic
Beverage, Tobacco, Drug, and
Entertainment Industries in
Encouraging Responsible Behavior

14. Pediatricians should encourage
the advertising industry, drug
companies, public health groups,
and medical groups to have a full
and open debate on the necessity
of advertising prescription drugs.
In addition, ads for erectile dys-
function drugs should be confined
to after 10 PM in all time zones and
should not be overly suggestive.1

15. Pediatricians should encourage the
entertainment industry to have
greater sensitivity about the effects
of television andmovies on children
and adolescents and accept that the
industry does, indeed, have a public
health responsibility.118 Cigarette
smoking in movies should be
avoided at all costs and should
never be glamorized.119,120 Disney
has already promised to eliminate
smoking in itsmovies.121Makingfilm
sets smoke-free zones would go far
to diminish theportrayal of smoking
in movies and would protect actors
and actresses from secondhand
smoke. Antismoking ads should pre-
cede the showing of any film that
has tobacco use depicted.119 Alcohol
use should not be portrayed as nor-

mative behavior for teenagers, and
the traditional depiction of the
“funny drunk” should be retired.
Television networks that have a
large adolescent viewership should
air public service ads about the dan-
gers of smoking and drinking. Fi-
nally, theMotion Picture Association
of America (MPAA) ratings need to
be amended so that tobaccousewill
routinely garner an R rating in all
new movies unless the risks and
consequences of smoking are un-
ambiguously shownor thedepiction
is necessary to represent a real
historical figure who actually
used tobacco.119 So far, the MPAA
has only agreed to consider
smoking as a factor in assigning
a rating.122,123

16. Pediatricians should encourage
state and federal agencies, the en-
tertainment industry, and the ad-
vertising industry to develop and
maintain vigorous anti–drug-
advertising campaigns that focus
on the 2 drugs most dangerous
to adolescents—tobacco and
alcohol—in addition to illegal
drugs. Antidrug ads have been
shown to be highly effective at times
(eg, the Truth campaign),124–129 but
the effectiveness of the National
Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
has been questioned.130 Recently,
and laudably, 6majorHollywoodstu-
dios have agreed to place antismok-
ing ads on new movie DVDs that ap-
peal to children.131,132

17. Pediatricians should work with
and support the American Acad-
emy of Pediatrics Julius Richmond
Center of Excellence (www.aap.
org/richmondcenter), the mission
of which is “to improve child
health by eliminating children’s
exposure to tobacco and second-
hand smoke,” including through
media exposure.119

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LEAD AUTHOR
Victor C. Strasburger, MD

COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND
MEDIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE,
2009–2010
Gilbert L. Fuld, MD, Chairperson
Deborah Ann Mulligan, MD, Chair-elect
Tanya Remer Altmann, MD
Ari Brown, MD
Dimitri A. Christakis, MD
Kathleen Clarke-Pearson, MD
Benard P. Dreyer, MD

Holly Lee Falik, MD
Kathleen G. Nelson, MD
Gwenn S. O’Keeffe, MD
Victor C. Strasburger, MD

PAST EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS
Regina M. Milteer, MD
Donald L. Shifrin, MD

LIAISONS
Michael Brody, MD – American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Brian Wilcox, PhD – American Psychological
Association

CONTRIBUTOR
James D. Sargent, MD

STAFF
Gina Ley Steiner
Veronica Laude Noland
vnoland@aap.org

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FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS Volume 126, Number 4, October 2010 799
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DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1635
; originally published online September 27, 2010; 2010;126;791Pediatrics
The Council on Communications and Media
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

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• Policy Statement—Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

INTRODUCTION
ADOLESCENT DRUG USE
EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Prescription Drugs
DRUGS IN ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Illegal Drugs
NEW MEDIA
SUMMARY
Anticipatory Guidance by Pediatricians
Community Advocacy by Pediatricians
Legislative Advocacy by Pediatricians
Involvement of the Alcoholic Beverage, Tobacco, Drug, and Entertainment Industries in Encouraging Responsible Behavior
LEAD AUTHOR
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 2009–2010
PAST EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS
LIAISONS
CONTRIBUTOR
STAFF
REFERENCES

THE PAPER IS REALLY GOOD! HOWEVER, THE “MEDIA” PART IN THE INSTRUTIONS SHOULD BE REFRERED BACK TO THE MOVIE TRAINWRECK.

FOR EXAMPLE, THE QUESTION…

Should MEDIA portrayals be required to be accurate in their depictions of use, showing both positive and negative consequences? 

SHOULD BE ANSWER IN THE FORMAT OF…

Should THE MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK” portrayals be required to be accurate in their depictions of use, showing both positive and negative consequences? 

I REPLACED ALL THE “MEDIA”S WITH THE ACTUAL MOVIE TO AVOID ANY FURTHER CONFUSION.

Step Three: Write the paper. Begin the paper with an introduction that summarizes the main findings of the AAP article and previews what will be covered in the coming pages. Next, compare and contrast the portrayal of substance use found in the MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK” with the information learned about that substance in the class and course readings. What messages about the substance are being portrayed? How accurate are those messages relative to the actual data on substance use? Be sure to cite the course readings as needed.

Continue by comparing and contrasting the portrayal of substance use found in the MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK” with the criticism of media portrayals found in the AAP paper. Does the MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK” example match their arguments or contradict them? What links and connections can be made? Be sure to cite the article as needed. 

Next, draw some conclusions about the portrayal of substance use found in the MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK”, addressing the following: What are the implications of this type of portrayal? What messages are being sent and to whom? Are those messages an accurate representation of the use of this substance? Should MOVIE “TRAIN WRECK” portrayals be required to be accurate in their depictions of use, showing both positive and negative consequences? 

Finally, review the guidelines suggested by the AAP at the end of their policy statement and address the following: Although directed specifically at pediatricians, which of those recommendations is most important? Why? Are these recommendations necessary? If followed, will they be effective in addressing the concerns raised earlier in the article? Be sure to cite sources as needed.