Microbiology chapter 7 review questions

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Chapter 7 Review Questions

1. What is the genome?

2. What are nucleotides made of?

3. What nucleotides bind to each other?

4. What is the structure of DNA?

5. What is the structure of prokaryotic genomes?

6. What is a plasmid? How are the useful to a prokaryote?

7. What are some examples of plasmids?

8. What is the structure of eukaryotic genomes?

9. What is extranuclear DNA? Where is it found and in what organisms?

10. What does semi conservative mean?

11. What is important about the 3’ OH?

12. How is DNA replicated? Include enzymes involved, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, and replication direction.

13. What are the other characteristics of bacterial DNA replication?

14. What are the differences in eukaryotic DNA replication?

15. What is genotype? Phenotype?

16. What is transcription?

17. What are the differences between DNA and RNA polymerase?

18. What happens during the 3 steps of transcription? What enzyme is involved?

19. What is concurrent RNA transcription? Why is this beneficial?

20. How is eukaryotic transcription different?

21. What occurs during mRNA processing?

22. What is translation?

23. What is the template strand?

24. What a codon?

25. How is prokaryotic mRNA different than eukaryotic mRNA?

26. What is a ribosome? What does 70S and 80S refer to?

27. What is a tRNA? What is its function?

28. What are the 3 steps of translation? What occurs in each step?

29. What is a polyribosome? How is this beneficial?

30. What is the first amino acid for all prokaryotic proteins? Eukaryotic proteins?

31. What is the primary purpose of regulating genetic expression?

32. What is an operon?

33. How does the lac operon function?

34. How does the trp function?

35. What is a mutation? Are they beneficial? Are they common?

36. What is a point mutation? Frameshift mutation?

37. What is a silent mutation? Missense mutation? Nonsense mutation?

38. What is a mutant? Wild type? Auxotroph?

39. How does positive selection of mutant’s work?

40. How does negative selection of mutant’s work?

41. What is the Ames test? Why do we conduct an Ames test?

42. What is horizontal gene transfer?

43. What is transformation?

44. What did Griffith’s observations reveal?

45. What is generalized transduction?

46. What is conjugation?

47. What occurs during conjugation involving an Hfr cell?