Media Proposal
For this Media Proposal assignment, students must submit a two paragraph summary, describing the proposed specific example of substance use portrayal in the media for use in the Major Paper.
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1635
; originally published online September 27, 2010; 2010;126;791Pediatrics
The Council on Communications and Media
Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/4/791.full.html
located on the World Wide Web at:
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of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275.
Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy
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Policy Statement—Children, Adolescents, Substance
Abuse, and theMedia
abstract
The causes of adolescent substance use are multifactorial, but the
media can play a key role. Tobacco and alcohol represent the 2most
significantdrug threats toadolescents.More than$25billionper year
is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs,
andsuchadvertisinghasbeenshowntobeeffective.Digitalmediaare
increasingly being used to advertise drugs. In addition, exposure to
PG-13–andR-ratedmoviesatanearlyagemaybeamajor factor in the
onsetofadolescent tobaccoandalcoholuse.TheAmericanAcademyof
Pediatrics recommends a ban on all tobacco advertising in allmedia,
limitationsonalcoholadvertising,avoidingexposureofyoungchildren
to substance-related (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal
drugs) content on television and in PG-13– andR-ratedmovies, incor-
porating the topic of advertising andmedia into all substanceabuse–
preventionprograms,andimplementingmediaeducationprogramsin
the classroom.Pediatrics 2010;126:791–799
INTRODUCTION
Although parents, schools, and the federal government are trying to
get children and teenagers to “just say no” to drugs, more than $25
billionworthofcigarette, alcohol, andprescriptiondrugadvertising is
effectively working to get them to “just say yes” to smoking, drinking,
andotherdrugs.1,2 Inaddition, televisionprogramsandmoviescontain
appreciable amounts of substanceuse. Unlike traditional advertising,
media depictions of legal drugs are generally positive and invite no
criticism, because they are not viewed as advertising.3 The result is
that young people receivemixedmessages about substance use, and
the media contribute significantly to the risk that young people will
engage in substanceuse.
ADOLESCENTDRUGUSE
Although illegal drugs take their toll on American society, 2 legal
drugs—alcohol and tobacco—pose perhaps the greatest danger to
childrenand teenagers.Bothrepresentsignificantgatewaydrugsand
are among the earliest drugs usedby children or teenagers. A pread-
olescent or adolescent who smokes tobacco or drinks alcohol is 65
timesmore likely to usemarijuana, for example, than someone who
abstains.4 The younger the age at which experimentation occurs, the
greater the risk of serious health problems.5 Every year, more than
400 000 Americans die from illnesses directly related to cigarette
use—more than from AIDS, car crashes, murder, and suicide com-
bined.6More than 100 000deaths annually canbeattributed to exces-
THECOUNCIL ONCOMMUNICATIONSANDMEDIA
KEYWORDS
adolescence, substanceuse, alcohol, tobacco, cigarettes, illicit
drugs, TV,movies, Internet
This document is copyrighted and is property of the American
Academyof Pediatrics and its Board of Directors. All authors
have filed conflict of interest statementswith the American
Academyof Pediatrics. Any conflicts have been resolved through
aprocess approvedby theBoard of Directors. The American
Academyof Pediatrics hasneither solicited nor accepted any
commercial involvement in the development of the content of
this publication.
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2010-1635
doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1635
PEDIATRICS (ISSNNumbers: Print, 0031-4005; Online, 1098-4275).
Copyright©2010by the American Academyof Pediatrics
FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMYOF PEDIATRICS
Organizational Principles to Guide and Define the Child
Health Care System and/or Improve the Health of all Children
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sive alcohol consumption,7 including
thedeathof 5000people younger than
21 years.8 Drug use also represents
oneofmanyriskybehaviorsthatoccur
duringadolescence: teenagerswhore-
port that at least half of their friends
are sexually active are 31 timesmore
likely to drink, 5 times more likely to
smoke, and 22 timesmore likely to try
marijuana than are teenagerswho do
not report such a high prevalence of
sexual activity among friends.9
EFFECTSOF ADVERTISING
The power of advertising to influence
children and adolescents (and adults,
for thatmatter) is incontrovertible.1,10
Advertising works; otherwise, compa-
nieswouldnotspendbillionsofdollars
on it.1 Many ads use celebrity endors-
ers, humor, rock music, or attractive
youngmodels, all of which have been
shown to be effective with children
and adolescents.11 Advertising makes
smoking and drinking seem like nor-
mativeactivitiesandmay functionasa
“superpeer” insubtlypressuring teen-
agers to experiment.12 Research has
revealed that advertising may be re-
sponsible for up to 30% of adolescent
tobacco andalcohol use.13,14
Cigarettes
More money is spent advertising to-
bacco than any drug—an estimated
$15 billion per year,15 almost half of
what the National Institutes of Health
spends each year to study all aspects
of health (www.nih.gov/about/budget.
htm). The tobacco industry (often re-
ferred to as “Big Tobacco”) has en-
gaged in a systematic campaign to
attractunderagesmokersfordecades
and then lied to Congress about it.16–19
Given the demographics of smoking
(1200deathsperday,halfofwhichare
ofmiddle-agedadults; 50%ofsmokers
begin by 13 years of age, and 90% of
smokersbeginby19yearsofage), the
industrymust recruit youngpeople as
smokers.20 Recent statistics show that
theycontinue tosucceed. According to
the 2009Monitoring the Future study,
nearly half of all teenagers have tried
smoking, as have 20% of all 8th-
graders.21Cigaretteadvertisingseems
to increase teenagers’ riskof smoking
by glamorizing smoking and smok-
ers.3,20Smokersaredepictedasyoung,
independent, rebellious, healthy, and
adventurous. By contrast, the adverse
consequences of smoking are never
shown. As a result, the US Surgeon
General concluded in 1994 that ciga-
retteadvertising increasesyoungpeo-
ple’s risk of smoking.20
Themost heavily advertised brands of
cigarettesarealso themostpopular.22
Tobacco advertising may even trump
strong parenting practices.23 Teen
magazines have attracted an increas-
ing number of cigarette ads since
1965.24–26 Numerous studies have re-
vealed that childrenor teenagerswho
pay closer attention to cigarette ads,
who are able to recall such adsmore
easily, or who own promotional items
are more likely to become smokers
themselves.27–31 Joe Camel single-
handedly increased themarket share
forCamel cigarettes from0.5%ofado-
lescent smokers to 32%.32 A recent
meta-analysis of 51 separate studies
revealed that exposure to tobacco
marketing and advertisingmore than
doubles the risk of a teenager begin-
ning to smoke.33
Alcohol
Approximately$6billion isspentannu-
ally onalcohol advertisingandpromo-
tion.34 Similar to tobacco ads, beer
commercials are virtually custom-
madetoappeal tochildrenandadoles-
cents,using imagesof fun-loving, sexy,
successful young people having the
time of their lives.3,35,36 Unlike tobacco
advertising, alcohol advertising faces
fewrestrictions.Forexample,whereas
thetobaccoindustrygaveuptelevision
advertising in the 1960s, beer, wine,
and liquoradsare frequently featured
on prime-time television, and young
people view 1000 to 2000 alcohol ads
annually.12,37Muchof theadvertising is
concentrated during teen-oriented
showsandsportsprogramming. All of
the top-15 teen-oriented shows con-
tain alcohol ads.38 Currently, teenag-
ersare400 timesmore likely toseean
alcohol ad than to seeapublic service
announcement (PSA) thatdiscourages
underage drinking.39 Teen-oriented
magazinescontain48%moreadvertis-
ing forbeer, 20%moreadvertising for
hard liquor,and92%moreadvertising
for sweet alcoholic drinks than do
magazines aimed at adults of legal
drinking age.40,41
According to the research, the effects
of all of this advertising are increas-
ingly clear.3,42,43 A sample of 9- to 10-
year-olds could identify theBudweiser
frogs nearly as frequently as they
couldBugsBunny.44 In a studyofmore
than3500SouthDakota students, 75%
of 4th-graders and nearly 90% of 9th-
gradersrecognized theBudweiser fer-
ret ad.45 Many studies have revealed
that exposure to alcohol advertising
results in more positive beliefs about
drinking and is predictive of drinking
during early adolescence and young
adulthood.46–52 The results of several
longitudinalstudieshaveshownasim-
ilar trend,53,54 although they have
sometimesbeenmixed.48
PrescriptionDrugs
Nearly $4 billion is spent annually on
prescription drug advertising.55 Drug
companies now spend more than
twiceasmuchmoneyonmarketingas
theydoon researchanddevelopment,
and studies have revealed that the
marketingeffortspayoff56: resultsofa
recent survey of physicians showed
that 92%of patients had requestedan
advertised drug.57 Children and teen-
agers get themessage that there is a
pill to cureall ills andadrug for every
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occasion, including sexual inter-
course. In the first 10months of 2004,
drugs companies spent nearly half a
billion dollars advertising Viagra, Lev-
itra,andCialis.58 Yet, theadvertisingof
condoms,birthcontrolpills,andemer-
gency contraception is haphazardand
rare and remains controversial.1,59
DRUGS IN ENTERTAINMENTMEDIA
Cigarettes
Sceneswith smoking remain common
in movies and, to a lesser extent, on
prime-time television. Hollywood seems
to use smoking as a shorthand for
troubledor antiestablishment charac-
ters, but the smoking status of the ac-
tors themselves is also influential in
whether their characters will smoke
on-screen.60 On prime-time television,
19%ofshowsportraytobaccouse,and
approximately one-fourth of them de-
pict negative statements about smok-
ing.61 Inaddition,smokingisalsofound
in nearly one-fourth of all music vid-
eos,62 one-fourth of ads for R-rated
movies, and 7.5%of ads for PG-13 and
PGmovies.63
Box-office movies and their subse-
quent videoandpay-per-viewdistribu-
tion have becomeamajor route of ex-
posure to tobacco use. Although the
most recentanalysesshowthat smok-
ing has decreased in popular mov-
ies,64,65 theoccurrenceremainshigh.A
content analysis of the top 100 box-
office hits between 1996 and 2004 re-
vealed that tobacco use was depicted
in three-quartersofG-,PG-, andPG-13–
rated movies and in 90% of R-rated
movies.66 Half of all G-rated animated
films between 1937 and 1997 con-
tained tobacco use.67 Although the
most recent content analysis of top-
grossing movies between 1991 and
2009 showed that tobacco use peaked
in2003andhassincedeclined, in2009,
more than half of PG-13 movies still
contained tobacco use.65 But overall,
the percentage of all top-grossing
movieswithoutsmokingexceeded50%
for the first time in 2009.65
Unique longitudinal research has re-
vealed that one of themost important
factors in theonset of adolescent sub-
stance use is exposure to others who
usedrugs.68 Nowhere is that exposure
greater than on contemporary movie
screens,andteenagersconstitute26%
of themovie-going audience (but only
16%of theUSpopulation).69 Results of
anumberof correlational and longitu-
dinal studies have confirmed that ex-
posure to television and movie smok-
ing is now one of the key factors that
prompt teenagers to smoke.29,70–77 Ac-
cording toanewmeta-analysis, itmay
account for nearly half of smoking ini-
tiation inyoungteenagers.80 In fact, ex-
posure to movie smoking may even
trump parents’ smoking status as be-
ing the key factor in adolescents’ initi-
ationofsmoking.73Aprospectivestudy
ofmore than 3500 teenagers revealed
that exposure to R-rated movies dou-
bles the risk of smoking, even when
controlling for all other known fac-
tors.79 Preadolescents whose parents
forbid them from seeing R-ratedmov-
iesare less likely tobeginsmoking (or
drinking).80 A study of 735 12- to 14-
year-olds, with a 2-year follow-up, re-
vealedthatexposuretoR-ratedmovies
or having a television in the bedroom
significantly increased the risk of
smoking initiation for white teenag-
ers.81 Themovieeffect seemsnot tobe
confined to US teenagers but applies
alsototeenagersfromothercountries
aswell.82,83
Alcohol
Alcohol remains the number one drug
portrayed on American television: 1
drinking scene is shownevery 22min-
utes, comparedwith 1 smoking scene
every 57minutes and 1 illicit druguse
scene every 112 minutes.84 On Music
Television(MTV), teenagerscanseeal-
cohol use every 14minutes. An analy-
sis revealed that drugs were present
in nearly half of 359 music videos—
alcohol in 35%, tobacco in 10%, and il-
licitdrugs in13%.85Onprime-timetele-
vision,70%ofprogramsdepictalcohol
use.61Morethanone-thirdof thedrink-
ing scenes are humorous, and nega-
tive consequences are shown in only
23%. One study revealed that alcohol
portrayals are as common on shows
for 9- to 14-year-olds as on adult-
oriented shows.86 In popular music,
the average teenager is exposed to
nearly 85 drug references a day, the
majority of which are for alcohol.87
Popularmovies arenearly equally rife
with alcohol, with only 2 of the 40
highest-grossing movies not contain-
ing alcohol depictions.88 Even G- and
PG-ratedmovies contain frequent ref-
erences toalcohol.89,90 And, drinking is
frequently depicted as normative be-
havior, even for teenagers.91
Again, the impact is increasingly clear
fromtheresearch.Alongitudinalstudy
of more than 1500 California 9th-
gradersrevealedthat increasedtelevi-
sion and music video viewing was a
risk factor for theonset of alcohol use
among adolescents.92 Results of a Co-
lumbia University study showed that
teenagers who watch more than 3
R-rated films per month are 5 times
more likely to drink alcohol compared
withteenagerswhowatchnone.93Also,
in an intriguing study of 2- to 6-year-
olds(n�120)whowereaskedtorole-
play in a make-believe store, children
were5 timesmore likely to “buy” beer
orwine if theyhadbeenallowedtosee
PG-13orR-ratedmovies.94 Finally,good
longitudinal evidence is emerging to
indicate thatwatchingmoremoviede-
pictions of alcohol is strongly predic-
tive of drinking onset andbingedrink-
ing in US adolescents,86,95,96 and the
same results are being found for ado-
lescents fromother countries.82,97
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Illegal Drugs
Illicit drugsare rarely seenon televi-
sion,61 with the exception of pro-
grams such as Showtime’s Weeds
and Fox’s That 70s Show. Drug
scenes are more common in movies
(22% of the movies in 1 study con-
tained drug scenes), and no harmful
consequences are shownmore than
half of the time.90 Marijuana is the
most frequent drug seen in movies
and seems to bemaking a comeback
inR-ratedmoviessuchasHaroldand
Kumar Go toWhite Castle (2004) and
ThePineapple Express (2008).98 A Co-
lumbia study revealed that viewing
R-rated movies was associated with
a sixfold increased risk of trying
marijuana.93 Hollywood filmmakers
do not seem to understand that hu-
mor tends to undermine normal ad-
olescent defenses against drugs and
legitimizes their use.3 Increased con-
sumption of popular music is also
associated withmarijuana use.95,99
NEWMEDIA
The new technologies—the Internet,
social networking sites, and even cel-
lular phones—offer new and prob-
lematic opportunities for adolescent
drug exposure.3,100 A variety of Web
sites sell tobaccoproducts, and fewof
them have effective age-verification
procedures.3,101 One national survey of
more than 1000 youths 14 to 20 years
of age revealed that 2% reported hav-
ingpurchasedalcoholonline, and12%
reportedhavinga friendwhodidso.102
Prescription drugs can also be pur-
chased online with minimal difficulty.
Popular beer brands use “adver-
games” online to entice a younger au-
dience.103 Teenagers also see consid-
erable alcohol and drug content in
onlinevideos104 andonsocialnetwork-
ing sites,105 onwhich 1 study revealed
that 40% of profiles referenced sub-
stance abuse.106
SUMMARY
The so-called war on drugs has been
waged fordecades, yet teenagerscon-
tinuetouseandabuseavarietyofsub-
stances, especially tobacco and alco-
hol. The contribution of the media to
adolescent substance use is only re-
cently becoming fully recognized and
appreciated. The Master Settlement
Agreement has greatly restricted to-
baccomarketing by the tobacco com-
panies that signed the agreement.
However, tobaccocontinues toappear
frequently inmovies, and this factcon-
trasts markedly with US reality (ap-
proximately half of the US population
lives in a community with restrictions
on indoor smoking). Moreover, the
case is strong for the argument that
smoking shown in entertainment me-
dia plays a causal role in smoking on-
set. Certainly, it is time toeliminateall
tobacco advertising and to decrease
greatly the depiction of smoking in
mainstream media. Because alcohol
use is still condoned in many venues
and use inmoderationmay be health-
ful foradults, suchsevere restrictions
on alcohol advertising and program-
ming may not be indicated. On the
otherhand,underagealcoholusedoes
pose a clear and immediate threat to
the teenagers who use it. Taken to-
gether, theevidencesupportsstrong
actions aimed at the entertainment
industry about media depictions of
tobacco use and strong actions
aimed at motivating and assisting
parents of children and young teen-
agers to restrict access to adultme-
dia venueswith excessive substance
use exposure.
Anticipatory Guidanceby
Pediatricians
1. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to limit unsupervisedme-
dia use and especially encourage
removal of televisions from chil-
dren’s bedrooms. At every well-
child visit, pediatriciansshouldbe
askingat least2questionsregard-
ing media use: (a) Howmuch en-
tertainment media per day is the
childoradolescentwatching?and
(b) Is there a television set or In-
ternet access in the child’s or ad-
olescent’s bedroom?107 Research
has revealed that having a televi-
sion in the bedroom is associated
with greater substance use and
sexual activity in teenagers.108
2. Pediatricians should encourage
parentsto limitaccessbychildren
and young adolescents to televi-
sion venues with excessive sub-
stance use depictions (eg, MTV,
HBO, Showtime, ComedyCentral).
3. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to limit younger chil-
dren’s exposure to PG-13 movies
andavoid R-ratedmovies.29,75–81,109
4. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to co-view media with
their children and teenagers and
discuss the content being viewed.
5. Pediatricians should encourage
parents to turn off the television
during eveningmeals.
6. Pediatricians should ensure that
their waiting rooms are free of
magazines that accept cigarette
andalcohol advertising.
Community Advocacy by
Pediatricians
7. Pediatricians should encourage
their local school systems to in-
corporate media education into
their curricula. In particular,
drug-preventionprogramsshould
usebasicprinciplesofmedia liter-
acy,designedto imbueskepticism
toward media advertising. Cur-
rently, Drug Abuse Resistance Ed-
ucation (DARE) does not accom-
plish this goal, nor is there any
evidence that DARE is effec-
tive.12,110 More psychologically so-
phisticated drug-prevention cur-
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ricula areavailable andshouldbe
used.110–113
Legislative Advocacy by
Pediatricians
8. Pediatricians should encourage
Congress toban tobaccoadvertis-
ing in allmedia accessible to chil-
dren, which several European
countrieshavealreadydone.Such
a ban would seem to be constitu-
tional, given that the US Supreme
Court has already ruled that com-
mercial speechdoesnotenjoy the
absolute First Amendment pro-
tections that freespeechdoes.114
Recently, Congress gave the
Food and Drug Administration
theauthority toregulate tobacco
products; however, the tobacco
industry isexpected tochallenge
any advertising bans.115,116
9. Pediatricians should encourage
Congresstorequirethealcohol in-
dustry to report its annual expen-
ditures to the Federal Trade Com-
mission, including expenditures
for media venues in which chil-
dren and adolescents represent
more than 10% of the market
share (currently, voluntary adver-
tising restrictions allow for ven-
ues in which up to 30% of the au-
dience is children).
10. Pediatricians should encourage
thealcohol industry to restrict ad-
vertising and product placement
in venues inwhichmore than10%
of the audience is children and
adolescents.
11. Pediatricians should encourage
theWhite House Office of National
Drug Control Policy to begin con-
ductingantismokingandanti–teen-
drinking public service campaigns,
including strong antismoking and
antidrinking ads to be placed be-
fore television programming and
movies that have youth ratings
and contain alcohol and tobacco
depictions.
12. Pediatricians should encourage
allocationofmoremoney inmedia
research, given the importance of
themediaonthedevelopmentand
behavior of children and adoles-
cents. Higher taxes on tobacco
products and alcohol could be
used to fund such research.
13. Pediatricians should encourage
Congress topassnewstrict laws
regulating digital advertising
that targets children and
adolescents.100,117
Involvement of the Alcoholic
Beverage, Tobacco, Drug, and
Entertainment Industries in
EncouragingResponsible Behavior
14. Pediatricians should encourage
the advertising industry, drug
companies, public health groups,
andmedical groups to have a full
and open debate on the necessity
of advertising prescription drugs.
In addition, ads for erectile dys-
functiondrugsshouldbeconfined
toafter 10 PM inall time zonesand
should not be overly suggestive.1
15. Pediatriciansshouldencourage the
entertainment industry to have
greater sensitivity about theeffects
of televisionandmoviesonchildren
andadolescentsandacceptthatthe
industrydoes, indeed,haveapublic
health responsibility.118 Cigarette
smoking in movies should be
avoided at all costs and should
never be glamorized.119,120 Disney
has already promised to eliminate
smokinginitsmovies.121Makingfilm
sets smoke-free zoneswouldgo far
todiminishtheportrayalofsmoking
inmoviesandwouldprotect actors
and actresses from secondhand
smoke.Antismokingadsshouldpre-
cede the showing of any film that
hastobaccousedepicted.119Alcohol
useshouldnotbeportrayedasnor-
mative behavior for teenagers, and
the traditional depiction of the
“funny drunk” should be retired.
Television networks that have a
largeadolescent viewership should
airpublicserviceadsaboutthedan-
gers of smoking and drinking. Fi-
nally, theMotionPictureAssociation
of America (MPAA) ratings need to
beamendedsothattobaccousewill
routinely garner an R rating in all
new movies unless the risks and
consequences of smoking are un-
ambiguouslyshownorthedepiction
is necessary to represent a real
historical figure who actually
used tobacco.119 So far, theMPAA
has only agreed to consider
smoking as a factor in assigning
a rating.122,123
16. Pediatricians should encourage
stateand federalagencies, theen-
tertainment industry, and the ad-
vertising industry to develop and
maintain vigorous anti–drug-
advertising campaigns that focus
on the 2 drugs most dangerous
to adolescents—tobacco and
alcohol—in addition to illegal
drugs. Antidrug ads have been
showntobehighlyeffectiveattimes
(eg, the Truth campaign),124–129 but
the effectiveness of the National
Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign
has been questioned.130 Recently,
andlaudably,6majorHollywoodstu-
dioshaveagreedtoplaceantismok-
ingadsonnewmovieDVDs thatap-
peal tochildren.131,132
17. Pediatricians should work with
and support the American Acad-
emyofPediatricsJuliusRichmond
Center of Excellence (www.aap.
org/richmondcenter), themission
of which is “to improve child
health by eliminating children’s
exposure to tobacco and second-
hand smoke,” including through
media exposure.119
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LEADAUTHOR
Victor C. Strasburger,MD
COUNCIL ONCOMMUNICATIONSAND
MEDIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE,
2009–2010
Gilbert L. Fuld,MD, Chairperson
DeborahAnnMulligan,MD, Chair-elect
TanyaRemer Altmann,MD
Ari Brown,MD
Dimitri A. Christakis,MD
KathleenClarke-Pearson,MD
BenardP. Dreyer,MD
Holly Lee Falik,MD
KathleenG. Nelson,MD
GwennS. O’Keeffe,MD
Victor C. Strasburger,MD
PAST EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS
ReginaM.Milteer,MD
Donald L. Shifrin,MD
LIAISONS
Michael Brody,MD–AmericanAcademyof
Child andAdolescent Psychiatry
BrianWilcox, PhD–AmericanPsychological
Association
CONTRIBUTOR
JamesD. Sargent,MD
STAFF
Gina Ley Steiner
Veronica LaudeNoland
vnoland@aap.org
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- Policy Statement—Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media
INTRODUCTION
ADOLESCENT DRUG USE
EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Prescription Drugs
DRUGS IN ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA
Cigarettes
Alcohol
Illegal Drugs
NEW MEDIA
SUMMARY
Anticipatory Guidance by Pediatricians
Community Advocacy by Pediatricians
Legislative Advocacy by Pediatricians
Involvement of the Alcoholic Beverage, Tobacco, Drug, and Entertainment Industries in Encouraging Responsible Behavior
LEAD AUTHOR
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 2009–2010
PAST EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS
LIAISONS
CONTRIBUTOR
STAFF
REFERENCES