Homeland Security Literature Review

Paper will be on Private Sector Homeland Security.  I attached the work that has been done so far on this topic/assignment

I also attached the final paper template to be used.

Instructions

This week you will submit the literature review portion of your overall paper. Include the sources that will be used in the research paper, all of which must be peer-reviewed or scholarly articles. Students will identify the source using APA parenthetical citations with a reference list at the end. Include cover and reference pages. 

Technical Requirements

• Your paper must be at a minimum of 5-6 pages (the Title and Reference pages do not count towards the minimum limit).
• Scholarly and credible references should be used. A good rule of thumb is at least 2 scholarly sources per page of content.
• Type in Times New Roman, 12 point and double space.
• Students will follow the current APA Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework. 
• Points will be deducted for the use of Wikipedia or encyclopedic type sources. It is highly advised to utilize books, peer-reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.
• All submissions will be graded using the assignment rubric.

Homeland Security

1

Running head:

Paper Title

4

PORTFOLIO PROJECT PART 1

Paper Title

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Course Number/Title

Date

Professor’s Name

Abstract

Begin typing your abstract paragraph here. This paragraph should not be indented. It should range between 150 and 250 words. After typing your abstract there should be a page break and the body of the paper will begin on the next page. This should be accurate, non-evaluative, readable, and concise. This is the most important single paragraph in this paper. Tell the reader what the paper will do. This paper will analyze xyz….

Keywords: APA, style, template

Introduction

Type your introduction here….

Literature Review

Type your literature review here….

Methodology and Research Strategy

Type your research design…..

Analysis and Findings

Type your findings here…..

Conclusion and Recommendations

Begin writing here……

References

Lastname, C. (2008). Title of the source without caps except Proper Nouns or: First word after colon. The Journal or Publication Italicized and Capped, Vol#(Issue#), Page numbers.

Lastname, O. (2010). Online journal using DOI or digital object identifier. Main Online Journal Name, Vol#(Issue#), 159-192. doi: 10.1000/182

Lastname, W. (2009). If there is no DOI use the URL of the main website referenced. Article Without DOI Reference, Vol#(Issue#), 166-212. Retrieved from

http://www.mainwebsite.org

Research Question & Thesis Statement Assignment

Research Question & Thesis Statement Assignment

Private Sector Homeland Security

American Military University

HLSS498

15 Nov 20

Research Question: How can the United States leverage U.S. based and owned Private Sectors to enhance and improve Homeland Security?

The protection of critical infrastructure is a collective responsibility and partnership between the private and public sectors is vital. The private sector operates 85% of the national critical infrastructure and there is need to integrate them in enhancing protection and management of domestic incidents through a unified approach, (Cellucci, 2018). The law enforcement and private sector partnerships play a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of Homeland Security and security of critical national infrastructure as well as terrorism. The United States can leverage private sectors to enhance “Department of Homeland Security” (DHS) through collaboration strategies. The public and private sectors can coordinate to share resources and information to attain mutual goals. The partnerships would lead to improve creative and innovative problem solving tactics. The law enforcement can synchronize efforts to defend the critical infrastructure of the nation and gain unrestricted training services from the U.S based and owned private sectors, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015). 

The integration of private sectors in Homeland Security can help improve the evacuation, transportation, and food services in the event of emergencies can improve on the response time and efficacy to the needs of the public. Also, after disasters there will be reduced recovery time which is beneficial to the DHS, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015).  It provides an opportunity to bring together the intelligence community to explore ideas and alternative perspectives in real-time, (McAleenan, 2019). New knowledge and recommendations will be obtained on how to further the national security goals and improve the priorities of the intelligence community, (Department of Homeland Security. (n.d). Data, intelligence and information sharing will be improved in the DHS.

Information sharing means that resources have to be deployed, critical incident response plans have to be put in place, infrastructure protection, liability minimization, and enhanced communication, (Busch & Givens, 2012). The private sector has improved communication technology that can be used by DHS to have access to communities. The surveillance and monitoring efforts will be improved to counter terrorism and acts of targeted violence that are difficult to predict using the DHS’s systems. The partnerships will enhance preparedness and readiness of potential attacks. The technologies will help predict vulnerabilities and gaps as well as understanding the risks that communities are likely to encounter, (McAleenan, 2019). The DHS partnership with the private sector stakeholders leads to better federal efforts in the mitigation of national infrastructure and critical assets.

Crime prevention in the HS will be improved because private sectors can share information about the unusual behaviors and suspicions acquired through the technologies with law enforcement. Private sectors have technical knowledge that the DHS may lack thereby providing resource sharing opportunities to mitigate criminal activities at local, state and federal levels, (Morabito & Greenberg, 2015). The private sectors can use their advanced technologies to predict and identify the changing nature of terrorism and targeted violence on the lands of the U.S. Private sectors can coordinate and collaborate with policy makers and legislators to facilitate laws that can assist the homeland security, (Hemme, 2015).Moreover, the private sector can provide research and guidelines that are related to emerging issues in the homeland security department. DHS will help private sectors to build and sustain capabilities that are required for protection, prevention, mitigation, response and recovery of significant and potential threats, (McAleenan, 2019). The Homeland Security will improve extensively since the private sectors have the best resources to handle outside threats. The DHS needs to adapt the intelligence capabilities and apply them to new security landscapes and be in a position to craft responses that are innovative.

Thesis statement: The Department of Homeland Security must continue to have a robust program in engaging private sector companies and build partnerships that will protect our National Security and interests. DHS stands ready to defend the U.S citizens and the way of life against external threats through a collaborative approach with private entities and U.S public agencies. The partnership program provides the DHS with access to expertise and strengths of the private sector in the mitigation of cybersecurity threats and physical security risks, (Brody, 2020). Homeland security is a collective responsibility, the government cannot address and meet their needs solely; there is a necessity to create a strong partnership that involves potential stakeholders such as the energy sector and communications, (Cellucci, 2018).

Purpose Statement: The purpose of this paper is to provide information on how the United States Department of Homeland Security and other U.S. government entities can enhance and improve the country’s Homeland Security by partnering with Private Sector companies. In this paper, I will also cover how to address emerging technologies and how to combat vulnerabilities. The paper will address the benefits of partnering with private sectors in the U.S to Homeland Security and national security. Information sharing is a common aspect covered in DHS and private sector partnership and the exchange of information offers substantial details to solution designers based on the description of the issue, (Harrell, 2017). Due to the increased access to private sector technologies, the paper will look at the opportunities that partnership facets provide. How the deployment of multi-technologies in the Homeland Security improves functionality and crime prevention will be addressed in this study, (Cellucci, 2018). The study will cover the reduction of redundant programs that were put in place to address the issue of security.

References

Busch, N. E., & Givens, A. D. (2012). Public-Private Partnerships in Homeland Security: Opportunities and Challenges. Homeland Security Affairs, 8(1).

https://www.hsaj.org/articles/233

Brody, M. H. (2020). Enhancing the Organization of the United States Department of Homeland Security to Account for National Risk. Homeland Security Affairs, 16.

https://www.hsaj.org/resources/uploads/2020/04/hsaj_V16_Enhancing-Organization_v2

Cellucci, T. (2018). Perspective: Innovative Public-Private Partnerships Help Secure Critical Infrastructure, published by the National Security today, 27 Nov 2018.

PERSPECTIVE: Innovative Public-Private Partnerships Help Secure Critical Infrastructure

Department of Homeland Security. (n.d). Private Sector Engagement. DHS.

https://www.dhs.gov/private-sector-engagement

Harrell, B. (2017). The private sector is the key to success for the Department of Homeland Security. csooneline. com.

https://www.csoonline.com/article/3161793/the-private-sector-is-the-key-to-success-for-the-department-of-homeland-security.html

Hemme, K. (2015). Critical infrastructure protection: Maintenance is national security. Journal of Strategic Security, 8(3), 25-39.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26465242?seq=15#metadata_info_tab_contents

McAleenan, K. (2019). STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND TARGETED VIOLENCE. Department of Homeland Security.

https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence

Morabito, A., & Greenberg, S. (2015). Engaging the private sector to promote homeland security: law enforcement-private security partnerships. Washington: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance.

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/210678

Private Sector Homeland Security

American Military University

HLSS498

29 Nov 20

Research Question

How can the United States leverage U.S based and owned Private Sectors to enhance and improve Homeland Security?

Thesis

An analysis of the Department OF Homeland Security with continuing partnership with private sector companies in ensuring protection of the National Security and interests.

Introduction

Homeland security is not extensive limited to the United States government alone, there are clear signs that the issue is not a sole responsibility thus there’s a need to create stronger partnerships that involve potential stakeholders. An increase in crimes and terrorist attacks can have devastating effects on American citizens on their surroundings, it is proven that the Department of Homeland Security in partnership with the private sector stakeholders leads to better federal efforts in the mitigation of critical assets and national infrastructure. Therefore this paper will show that partnerships with private sectors will not only provide the DHS with access in mitigation of cybersecurity threats but also physical security threats.

Background

Homeland security has been and it’s still an ongoing problem that faces different nations globally, there’s a need to collaborate with the private sectors and enforce the law to enhance management and protection of domestic incidents with a unified approach. The Department of Homeland Security with the help of both public and private sectors and the stakeholders such as the communications sector and energy sectors to reduce cases of national insecurities. One of the threats to national security is increased crime rates activities at federal, local, and state levels, terrorism, acts of violence, cybersecurity threats, and critical national infrastructure among others (Givens et al., 2018).

Consequences

Private sector Homeland Security has positive results in enhancing our homeland security, first, it will enhance the response efficacy and time to the public, there will also be reduced recovery time after each disaster this will be beneficial to the Department of National Security, besides that the integration of private sectors in Homeland Security will also help improve the evacuation period during attacks or whenever there’s earthquakes or any other national disaster (Ational et al., 2019), there will also be improved transportation from one place to another in case of attacks and also the deliverance of food services in the event of emergencies.it will also provide an opportunity to bring together the intelligence community which will explore possible perspectives and ideas in real-time. Besides new recommendations and knowledge will be obtained on how to improve the priorities of the intelligence community and also further the national security goals; there will also be improved intelligence, information, and data sharing in the DHS.

Current Initiatives

Various initiatives have been deployed to improve homeland security, the private sector has enhanced communication technology which can be used by the DHS to have better access to communities, they can also collaborate and coordinate with legislators and policymakers to facilitate laws that can easily help the homeland security, moreover, this private sector can provide guidelines and research which are related to emerging issues in the security homeland department, the DHS will also help private sectors to sustain and build capabilities needed for mitigation, protection, recovery and response and prevention of potential and significant threats. With these initiatives, they’ll be able to handle outside threats and Homeland security will improve since private sectors have the best resources to handle such cases and the DHS needs to be in a position to craft responses that are innovative by applying and adapting these intelligence capabilities and coming up with new security landscapes (Givens et al., 2018).

The Real Debate

No researcher can put a price on homeland security; the partnership of private and public sectors can lead to enhanced innovative and creative problem-solving tactics by coordinating by sharing information and resources to achieve mutual goals.

Answering the Question

Collaborating with the private sectors in improving national security will be a big help in protecting our national interests and security since this is a collective responsibility there’s a need to create stronger partnerships with potential stakeholders.

Conclusion

According to (Givens et al., 2018) this is just a brief overview of private sector homeland security, the results of coordinating with them are endless a positive, given the vast impacts of their collaboration with continued research, it will be evident that private sector homeland security tactics can be effectively applied to enhance the performance of DHS and to improve the homeland security of our nation.

References

Ational, O., Center, A., Kennedy, M., Metz, D., Dezenski, E., Birenbaum, J., & Kenney, C. (2019). HS AC HOMELAND SECURITY Assessing the Cost of Disaster Recovery and Identifying Funding Sources in the HSOAC Puerto Rico Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan Project. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2800/RR2861/RAND_RR2861

Givens, A. D., Busch, N. E., & Bersin, A. D. (2018). Going Global: The International Dimensions of U.S. Homeland Security Policy. Journal of Strategic Security, 11(3), 1–34. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26538515

‌