Explain the various factors that affect the safety of food products in the new technologies that affect food supply.

Pages 1-14 are discussing the essay and format.

SCI140 Graded Project

Nutrition : SCI140 Graded Project

Lesson 6 Overview

For this project, you’ll write

an academic paper on a topic

that was covered during the

course. You won’t conduct a

study. This paper is a critical

analysis of a topic related to

a concept within the course.

6.1 Analyze a
nutritional topic and its impact on the life cycle
Graded Project

READING ASSIGNMENT

To complete this examination, follow these steps: Use a word-processing
program, preferably Microsoft Word, to complete the examination. At the top of
every page, include your name and student number. Be sure to save your work.
If you do not have access to Microsoft Word, you must properly format your
document by clicking Save As, naming it using the student number_exam
number format (for example, 12345678_007175), and choosing File Type: Rich
Text Format. This exam must be uploaded as a or .rtf file to be graded
electronically. To submit your exam, follow these steps:

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1. Click Take Exam from within the lesson you’ve completed.
2. Be sure to save your work.
3. Attach your file as follows:

a. Click on the Browse box.
b. Locate the file you wish to attach.
c. Double-click on the file.
d. Click on Upload File.

4. Enter your email address in the box provided. (Your email address is
required for electronic submission.)

5. Click on Submit Files.
6. After you’ve submitted your project, you’ll be able to see it by clicking View

Project.

Expectations for This Project

You should be able to

1. Identify a nutritional topic of interest that can be applied to a current

nutritional issue

2. Identify information that addresses the nutritional issue

3. Analyze information for application to

a defined population

4. Examine areas in which additional information may be needed to

help a defined population address a nutritional issue

5. Recommend approaches to distribute the nutritional information to

a defined population

Topics

You can use a variety of topics as the focus of your academic research

paper. General topics include the following:

1. Identify macro- and micronutrients, their functions, and their effects

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on health and well-being.

2. Examine the differences in nutritional needs throughout the life

cycle.

3. Explain the various factors that affect the safety of food products

and the new technologies that affect food supplies.

If you’re interested in a specific topic, you’ll need to include the signs

and symptoms and the relationship of these manifestations to the

nutritional disorder. You’ll need to also focus on the treatment, the

expected outcome of the treatment, measures to determine if the

outcome has been reached, and any actions that can be taken to

prevent the health problem.

Examples of specific topics include the following:

Application of nutrigenomics

Use of MyPlate with a vegetarian eating plan

Fluid balance through the lifespan

The impact of nutrition on the development of

Hypertension

Osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Heart disease

Atherosclerosis

Protein-calorie malnutrition

Analysis of eating plans (fad diets) that restrict

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Protein

Carbohydrates

Fats

What Is an Academic Paper?

An academic paper is a document that critically analyzes a specific

topic. It begins with general information about the topic and then moves

into the specifics. The specifics are explained by answering the “who,

what, when, where, and why” about the topic. Some academic papers

are written after a research study has been conducted. Others are

written to support or refute a concept or idea.

Sections of the Paper

The paper should include the following sections:

Title page

Table of contents

Abstract

Introduction

General information

Application

Approaches or treatments

Expected outcomes/recommendations

Conclusion/summary

Reference list

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Title Page

The title page identifies the title of the paper, your name and credentials,

the course name, and the date. The title of the paper should reflect the

content. For example, if you’re writing a paper on the importance of

adequate vitamin C intake for older adults, appropriate titles might

include

The Importance of Adequate Vitamin C When Aging

Vitamin C—An Essential Nutrient in the Aging Adult

Some examples of titles that would not capture the intention of the

paper would be

The Role of Vitamin C in Bodily Functions

The Impact of Vitamin C on Health

Table of Contents

A table of contents identifies the sections within the research paper. This

part of the paper is typically created last since it lists the topics and the

associated page numbers within the

paper.

The following is an example of a table of contents:

Section 1: Abstract Page 1

Section II: Introduction Page 2

Section III: Vitamin C: An Essential Nutrient Page 4

Abstract

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The abstract is a summary of the entire paper. This part of the paper is

also written after the entire paper is complete. The length of the abstract

should be about 100 to 200 words and should include information that

appears elsewhere in the paper. This is not the location to introduce

new ideas, concepts, or information.

Here’s an example of an abstract:

Vitamin C has been identified as an essential nutrient for all

age groups; however, it has been found to be lacking in those

over age 65. Reasons for inadequate amounts of vitamin C

include high intake of processed foods, limited ability to obtain

fresh foods, and restricted income. Problems associated with

low vitamin C levels in older adults include poor wound

healing, frequent infections, fatigue, and increased onset of

chronic illnesses. Strategies to increase the intake of vitamin C

include selecting fresh or frozen foods over processed or

canned; purchasing fresh produce when in season; and buying

produce from local growers. Increasing the intake of vitamin C

will reduce the frequency of acute illnesses and infections,

allay the development of chronic illnesses, and improve energy

levels. The importance of adequate vitamin C intake should

be communicated through wellness programs, community

health fairs, health and wellness clinics, and public service

announcements targeting the older population.

This abstract is 153 words in length and covers all of the major areas

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that are to be included in the paper.

Introduction

The introduction is where the topic of interest is introduced to the reader.

This part of the paper may be up to five or six paragraphs in length.

Information that appears here may include generalities about the

purpose of the paper, who will benefit from reading the information in

this paper, why the topic is important, and the overall goal of writing the

paper.

Information about the background of the topic appears here as

additional evidence of the importance of the topic.

General Information

The general information section provides a global view of the topic

you’ve chosen. This section may be approximately five or six paragraphs

in length and serves to provide the reader with an overview of the

concept or topic. Many resources on writing academic research papers

consider this section to be the preferred location for placing the thesis

statement. A thesis statement is the problem statement or an

explanation of the issue.

Here you can include statistics about the nutritional issue or health

problem caused by it, such as the number of people it affects, the

locations where it most likely occurs, the time of year, and any other

criteria that makes this an important issue to discuss.

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You might want to create a diagram or table demonstrating the impact of

the issue. A table can be inserted in a word processing program (such

as Word). The following example that identifies the frequency of an

issue according to gender, age, or calendar year.

Frequency of Vitamin C Deficiency in Older Adults Between 2001 and 2004

Frequency Deficiency Discovered Gender Year

Male Female

110 40 60 2001

72 32 40 2002

61 40 21 2003

108 48 60 2004

In this section, you would also place any pictures or illustrations that

would help the reader understand the issue and its importance to

nutrition. For example, an older person with a vitamin C deficiency may

have bleeding gums. You might want to include a picture of bleeding

gums within your paper. Here are some websites that often have

royalty-free clip art that you could use in your paper:

Shutter Stock (www.shutterstock.com/)

Dreams Time (www.dreamstime.com/)

Foto Search (www.fotosearch.com/)

iStock (www.istockphoto.com/)

Getty Images (www.gettyimages.com/)

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http://www.shutterstock.com/

http://www.dreamstime.com/

http://www.fotosearch.com/

http://www.istockphoto.com/

http://www.gettyimages.com/

Application

The application section of the paper provides much more substantial

information about the topic. Here, you should focus on

Who would find this topic of interests

When this topic needs to be addressed

Where this topic has specific applicability

Why this topic is important

Approaches/Treatments

Use of the approaches/treatments section will depend on the topic. If

the topic is a specific nutrient, strategies to ensure that the nutrient is

being ingested in recommended amounts may appear here. You may

also include a table or image here that identifies the recommended

amount of the nutrient.

If the topic is a specific health problem, such as obesity or anemia, then

this section may identify actions to take to help eliminate or reduce the

effects of the health problem.

The length of this section will depend on the topic selected and the

amount of creativity used when designing strategies.

Expected Outcomes/Recommendations

The expected outcomes/recommendations section identifies the results

expected when a strategy to address the topic or health problem is

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implemented. Each outcome should identify the approach to be used to

measure the effectiveness. Measurements should be objective or use

concrete data such as laboratory values, changes in body weight,

amount of time engaging in an activity, and so on.

From the expected outcomes, recommendations can be made. Here you

are to identify steps or actions for a person to take to adjust or change

nutritional habits to achieve a specific outcome.

The overall length of this section will depend on the number and type of

expected outcomes and the associated recommendations.

Conclusion/Summary

The final section of the paper is the conclusion or summary. Here all of

the major points discussed in the paper are reviewed along with the

conclusions formed by analyzing the topic.

Reference List

All academic papers must contain a list of references used when

researching and writing the paper. There are a variety of approaches

when listing the reference citations. Examples are shown below.

Print resources:

Author last name, Author first initial of first name. (YEAR).

Name of the book. (edition of the book). City where the book

was published: Name of the publisher.

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Author last name, Author first initial of first name. (YEAR).

Name of the article. Name of the magazine in which the article

appeared. The volume and issue of the magazine. The page

numbers.

Online resources:

Website. Name of the web page. Name of the article. Date the

article was posted/written. Date you accessed the article. The

complete web URL.

Keep the following in mind when identifying/using content from the

Internet for a research paper:

Be sure that the website is valid. Examples of valid websites

include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the

World Health Organization (WHO), MedLine Plus, National

Institutes of Health (NIH), and recognized agencies such as the

American Diabetes Association (ADA), American Heart Association

(AHA), the American Lung Association (ALA), and the American

Cancer Society (ACS).

Look at the webpage and find the date when the page was last

updated. The date should be within the last few years.

Find the physical street address and telephone number for the

website. Websites that don’t publish a physical street address or

telephone number to call for more information may be blogs and,

therefore, not a validated website.

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Since this may be the first time that you’re writing a research paper, you

might want to view the following videos for additional tips and

techniques:

How to Write a Research Paper Fast

Tips for Writing a College Research Paper

10 Steps for Writing a Research Paper

Writing the Paper

The following instructions should be implemented when preparing your

paper.

1. Set all page margins to be 1 inch.

2. Begin each section on a new page.

3. Use the font Times New Roman at 12 point.

4. Support your opinion by citing specific information from the

textbook, websites, and any other references, using correct APA

guidelines.

5. Write the table of contents after the entire paper has been written.

6. Write the abstract after the entire paper has been written.

7. Proofread your completed paper several times to check for

typographical errors. Read through the entire paper to make sure

you have included all essential elements and that the correct page

numbers are listed on the Table of Contents.

8. Save the completed paper as a Word document ( , x) or

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Rich Text Format (.rtf). We can’t accept PDF files for evaluation.

Grading Criteria

Student Name:
Student ID:

Requirements Score

Introduction:

The well-developed introduction engages the reader and creates
interest (4 points)

There is a thesis statement included at the end of the introduction. (4
points)

Introduction total

Thesis Statement:

Is extremely clear and reflects in-depth understanding of the topic. (4
points)

Written as a complex, focused, and correct sentence. (4 points)

Gives the paper a strong, organized direction (4 points)

Thesis statement total

Body—Major Points:

Major points are definitely and precisely articulated. (10 points)

Every major point clearly and effectively explains a part of the thesis.
(10 points)

Major points clearly and effectively sync with all ideas. (10 points)

Body—Major Points total

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Body—Supporting Details:

Each main point is explained clearly and has detailed/examples to
support it. (10 points)

Supporting details are clear, sophisticated, insightfully chosen, and
show an in-depth understanding of the topic. (10 points)

The body is organized well with transitions from one idea to the next.
(10 points)

Body—Supporting Details total

Conclusion:

The conclusion effectively brings the essay to an end. (5 points)

It summarizes the main points and paraphrases the thesis statement. (5
points)

Conclusion total

Spelling/grammar/mechanics/formatting:

Little to no spelling, grammar, and mechanical errors. (5 points)

The paper is formatting according to the assignment instructions. (5
points)

Spelling/grammar/mechanics/formatting total

SCORE (out of 100%) %

Scoring Scale

100% – 90% = A
Skill Realized

89% – 80% = B
Skill Developing

79% – 70% = C
Skill Emerging

69% – 0% = F
Skill Not
Evident

Preparing for a Proctored Exam

READING ASSIGNMENT

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Read the following tips to prepare for your proctored exam. Then, return to your
student portal and take the

proctored

exam.

To prepare for a proctored exam means reviewing the assigned

material. This doesn’t mean you need to study everything again. Some

of the material you already know or remember and some will have been

forgotten.

Therefore, open the textbook and start at the beginning. Scan each

page and/or section and ask yourself: “Do I know this or don’t I?” If you

know the material, then skip it. If you don’t know the material or aren’t

sure about it, take the time to reread and restudy that section of the

material and rework the assigned homework exercises and problems

associated with that section.

One way to prepare for the proctored exam is to make notes. Just

because you’ve written notes once, doesn’t mean you know the

material. Rewrite your notes. Don’t try to cram them all on one page.

Each time you rewrite your notes, ask yourself the fundamental

question: “Do I know this or don’t I?” If you do, skip it. The idea here is to

keep rewriting your notes until you can get them down to a few pages.

When taking a proctored exam, you should know the material. You don’t

have time to look up the answer or try to figure out how to work a

problem using the example in the textbook. Getting your notes down to

a page or two tells you that you know almost all of what you need to

know. What you don’t know, if it comes up on the exam, you can quickly

look at your notes to refresh your memory.

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Scanning and rewriting notes seems like a lot of work. It all depends on

how much you know from previously studying the material. However,

doing this will give you a good chance to earn a strong grade on a

proctored exam.

What to Do When Taking the Proctored Exam

The proctored exam is timed. You don’t have time to look up answers or

try to figure out how to come up with the answer. The proctored exam

tests you on what you know and don’t know. Therefore, taking the exam

requires test-taking skills since you should already know the subject

material. It’s a matter of getting what you know down on paper.

Proctored exams are very different than lesson exams. Proctored exams

consist of essay type questions, short answer type questions, and

exercise and problem solving questions. They’re not multiple choice,

true or false, or fill in the blank type questions (with only a few

exceptions).

The structure of the proctored exams may differ depending on the

subject. Generally, a proctored exam consists of more heavily weighted

questions or longer multistep problem questions. As an example, there

may be two or three questions that are each worth a larger number of

points. Then, the remainder of the exam will be short answer and less

lengthy problems to work, which will have lower point values.

Time management during the exam is very important. Many students

start the exam by looking at the first question, reading it, and then

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immediately start answering it. But too much time may be spent working

on some of the problems, and as a result, you don’t get a chance to

answer all the exam questions.

A better way to take the exam is to open the exam and scan all the

exam questions before answering questions. For example, if the exam

Part A has three 20-point questions and Part B has ten 4-point

questions, you have a better idea how to budget your time. Read the

instructions. In some cases, you might be told to answer two out of the

three 20-point questions. Some students answer all three questions

instead of the two required, wasting valuable time. Be sure to read the

instructions thoroughly.

Budget your time. You have 60 minutes to complete the exam. For

example:

Reviewing the instructions and the exam questions may take, say,

4 minutes

As you read each question, ask yourself: “Do I know this or

don’t I?” If you do, write the answer down. Answer the

questions you know the answer to first. If you don’t know the

answer or are unsure, skip over the question and come back

to them after answering questions you do know.

With three 20-point questions, you might decide to spend 12

minutes on each question for a total of 36 minutes.

Having spent 4 minutes scanning and budgeting 36 minutes for the

more heavily weighted questions adds up to 40 minutes. 20

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minutes remain to complete the short answer questions.

Each exam is different. You have to decide how to manage your

time.

You may complete some of the questions in less time than you’ve

allotted. This may give you extra unused time towards the end of the

hour to go back and work on questions you’re having difficulty

answering. This is the time to look at your notes or go back into the

textbook to jog your memory. If you finish faster than you planned, use

your spare time wisely. Think about where you can use that time to

capture the most amount of points. If you have no clue about a

particular question, but have some idea about another question, your

time might be better spent answering the question where you know you

may get it right as opposed to answering two questions half-heartedly

and not getting any points at all.

Showing your work on a math problem may help improve your score.

Math exams require you to show your work and partial credit is given

where it makes sense. A student who does the process correctly but

made a small error would come up with an incorrect answer. Instead of

deducting all the points, the deduction may be less depending on the

mistake. For example, if there are four steps in solving a problem and

the student stops at step three, forgetting to do the last step, partial

credit may be given. If a student only provides an answer without

showing the work and the answer is incorrect, then the full points for the

question will be deducted.

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Taking a Proctored Exam Using the Online Option

Things to consider before deciding whether to take the proctored exam

remotely (online) or on paper:

Typing skills. You should have good typing skills if you want to do the

remote proctor. If you’re not confident in your ability to think and type

quickly at the same time, you might be better off completing the paper

version of the exam. Typing to show your work is a little more

challenging if you’re not used to entering math problems. Some find it

better to do the work on paper first and then type the work in. This takes

much more time as you’re doing the work twice.

Running out of time. Students may run out of time before finishing the

exam for several reasons.

As discussed previously, having weak typing skills (speed) is one

reason students may not finish.

Starting to answer the first question without having scanned the

exam first may lead to spending more time on individual questions

than you should and you may run out of time before completing the

exam.

Math exams generally are open book, so you can refer to your

textbook, reading material, or notes. However, some students

spend too much time looking up examples or formulas and not

enough time answering the questions on the exam because they’re

unprepared. Be sure you have a good understanding of the

material so you don’t have to refer to the books very often.

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Many students need to work out the problem on a scratch paper

first. They’ll then type the solution showing their work on the exam.

This may take more time, and is another reason why students don’t

complete all the questions on the proctored exam.

Which is Best for You? Online Proctored Exam versus
Taking the Proctored Exam on Paper

Students generally choose the remote option because they don’t want to

find a local proctor which is required when taking the paper proctored

exam. Remote proctoring may be more convenient; however, not all

proctored exams can be taken remotely. Finding a proctor may be

necessary at some point depending on the program in which you’re

enrolled.

Everyone has taken exams sometime in their life on paper with

someone watching them in a classroom. Not everyone taken a

proctored exam using a computer. If you have confidence in your

abilities to take a written exam online, by all means do so. You may

have the knowledge to score well taking an exam on paper, but may not

feel comfortable typing when taking a Math exam. You may be better off

doing a paper proctored exam. The proctored exam is worth 1/3 of the

grade for your course, so select the method that will allow you to do the

best you can on the exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question: Can I use my books, reading materials, or notes on the

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Proctored Exam?

Answer: You’re permitted to bring your notes, reading materials, and

textbooks to use during this exam. All exams are open-book unless

otherwise specified. You may also use a calculator during your exams.

Question: I’m an E-book Student/my learning material is all digital.

Can I use a computer to access my books and lessons during the

exam?

Answer: If you’re in an e-book program or are in a course for which your

courses are only provided digitally, you’re permitted to use a computer

during the exam. However, you may only use a computer to access your

e-books and reading material. You’re only permitted to use the computer

for exams covering courses that have digital-only materials.

It’s your proctor’s responsibility to monitor your use of a computer during

the exam, so advise them of such when informing them of their duties as

a proctor. Any unauthorized use of a computer during the proctored

exam will result in the invalidation of all of your exams. If suspected,

you’ll receive a grade of 1 on each of your exams and be forced to

retake each of them. The highest grade you can receive on these retake

exams is 70.

Question: What types of questions are included in the proctored

examination?

Answer: Most of the questions are subjective, including both essay

questions and numerical problems. The examination may also contain

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objective questions, such as multiple-choice and matching items.

Students aren’t allowed to use computer software, such as Excel, for

calculations.

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