DOC670-4
Review
Modules/Module4/Mod4Home.html
Module 4 – Home
Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
Modular Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
Case
Review data collection approaches.
SLP
Apply theme identification to qualitative data.
Discussion
Describe the process of working with the firm for your dissertation.
Module Overview
Research Procedures
Data gathering procedures are independent of design or data issues—procedures such as surveys, interviews, observation, archival review, and others can be applied in the context of many different designs and data types. It’s particularly important to remember that research in practice is almost never based on a single design or approach. Rather, almost all studies of any worth employ several different methods, kinds of data, and data gathering techniques. So, while it is useful to parse out the differences between kinds of research, and to understand the advantages and limitations of each, it’s also important to understand how they come together to reinforce each other.
Any research project is essentially a mini-organization, with its own structure, personnel, goals, interests, and situation. This project organization must develop appropriate inter-organizational relationships with the organization that you are studying—relationships that take the interests of both parties into consideration and that provide value to both sides of the relationship. Logistical relationships must be developed that allow for appropriate data collection but do not disrupt the sources of data. Like most inter-organizational relationships, there will need to be an element of compromise on both sides, based on mutual respect and allowances.
It is correctly observed that no plan survives first contact with the enemy. However, that is no reason not to have a plan. You need to have at least a general idea of what you are going to be doing and the sequence of events that you expect to have happen. At least, you need a to-do list and an approximate timeline of events, in order to keep you focused and moving toward your goal. Obviously, your plans and procedures will need to be regularly reviewed and revised as your project progresses. Your plan may be as formal or informal as you need it to be. There’s much to be said for using online tools both for planning and scheduling. There is a wide variety of software that you could find to assist you if you need it. On the other hand, it may be that all you need is a set of approximate notes.
At the very least, you need to have an identified contact person/liaison within your organization, with whom you can maintain regular connections during the course of the project and who can manage interference for you with the organization when necessary. This person will be not only your contact, but also your advocate within the system; your client, in other words. If the organization is unable or unwilling to provide you with an ongoing liaison, then they probably are not committed enough to your project for you to be able to finish.
The readings for this module cover the things such as planning and scheduling, and the ways of maintaining ongoing contact with your target organization. This is a very important part of the proposal for your study, because it shows that you have thought clearly about the practical aspects of doing your project.
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Modules/Module4/Mod4Background.html
Module 4 – Background
Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
Required Reading
Farrell, S. (2016). Project Management for user research: The plan. Retrieved May 10, 2018, from the Neilson/Norman Group website at https://www.nngroup.com/articles/pm-research-plan/
Moylan, W. A. (2002). Planning and scheduling: The yin and yang of managing a project. Paper presented at Project Management Institute Annual Seminars & Symposium, San Antonio, TX. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Retrieved May 10, 2018, from https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/planning-scheduling-managing-project-8510
Rose, S., Spinks, N., & Canhoto, A. (2015). Research project planner template. From Management research: Applying the principles. Retrieved from https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod/9780415628129/Chapter%208%20-%20template%20for%20project%20planning%20final_edited
Research methods and processes. (n.d.). In Encyclopedia of Management at the Reference for Business website. Retrieved May 10, 2018, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Pr-Sa/Research-Methods-and-Processes.html
Stockberger, D. (2016). Introductory statistics: Concepts, models, and applications. Missouri State. Retrieved from http://www.psychstat.missouristate.edu/introbook/sbk19.htm
Video Material
Liaison in management: Definition & explanation. (n.d.). Retrieved from the Study.com website at https://study.com/academy/lesson/liaison-in-management-definition-lesson-quiz.html
McBride, T. (2014, February 23). Planning research projects [Video file]. University of Technology Sydney. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMhiwWTQulY
Bern, P. (2015, April 23). Planning your research [Video file]. Syracuse University Libraries. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxImKRpoe6s
Gibbs, G. R. (2010, June 11). Grounded Theory – Core Elements. Part 1 [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SZDTp3_New&t=15s
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, October 24). Coding part 1: Alan Bryman’s 4 stages of qualitative analysis [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7X7VuQxPfpk&t=52s
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, October 24). Coding part 2: Thematic coding [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_YXR9kp1_o&t=6s
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, November 21). Research interviewing part 1: Interviews and the Interview Society [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yRgBS2JmXU
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, November 21). Research interviewing part 2: The pros and cons of interviewing [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PbB2sAq-PQ
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, November 21). Research interviewing part 3: Types of interviews [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWCh1RhYT-g
Gibbs, G. R. (2011, November 21). Research interviewing part 4: The interview schedule [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zFujnMFVtY
Dedoose Support. (2010, September 13). Dedoose video tutorial 1: Qualitative & mixed methods research using Dedoose [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uvUnP6JZq0
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Modules/Module4/Mod4Case.html
Module 4 – Case
Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
Assignment Overview
In this Case Assignment, you will be reading several articles and sources describing data collection protocols, arrangements, and relationships, and the kinds of issues that need to be considered in developing a set of procedures for your study. You will then be asked to construct a basic procedure list and plan for your study, taking these issues into consideration and allowing for the decisions you previously made regarding design, measures, and respondents.
As the course progresses, you will be making a series of decisions in which you will increasingly specify the structure of your project. These decisions build on each other in critical ways. However, you are not locked into previous decisions if you subsequently decide you need to change direction. As before, you have an opportunity to go back and revise and/or extend the previous sections completed in previous modules. If you do revise earlier sections, please include them and indicate what changes you have made to them. Case grades given for the first four modules will be advisory rather than final. Your ultimate grade will be based on the completed methodology at the end of the course.
Case Assignment
Prepare a 5- to 7-page paper in accordance with the following Assignment Expectations, describing the procedural issues for your project, in accordance with the following outline:
Briefly describe the organization within which you are working for your project, and your relationship to it.
Identify your organizational contact/liaison person(s), their role within the organization, how you got involved with them, the role that you expect them to play in regard to your project, and the arrangements you have for maintaining regular contact with them.
Complete a basic plan/timeline for your project, according to the following grid. Identify the principal activities you will need to carry out, the approximate dates when you might complete them (or, if you’re unable to identify specific dates, at least how long you expect each activity to take), and any necessary prerequisites for any of these activities (that is, things that have to happen before the activity can be undertaken). Be sure to include both specific activities related to research and administrative events such as project approval and IRB (https://www.trident.edu/students-and-alumni/institutional-review-board/) approval, as well as any needed organizational reviews.
Activities Date start Date complete Prerequisites Deliverables (if any)
1
2
3
…
Identify any potential sources of difficulty or complication for your project—that is, things that might make it difficult to complete. For each difficulty, identify any ideas you might have about how to overcome it, and any kind of specific help you might need to resolve these issues.
Assignment Expectations
Length: The written component of this assignment should be 5–7 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.
When you write your paper make sure you do the following:
Answer the assignment questions directly.
Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials.
Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions.
Be sure to cite at least five credible resources.
Make sure to reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11–14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
Assignment-Driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in-text citations and the reference list.
Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
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Modules/Module4/Mod4SLP.html
Module 4 – SLP
Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
In DOC640 you discussed using Dedoose to do content analysis on qualitative data such as interviews. Content analysis can also be done on reports, statements, etc., from secondary data. Using the Strategic Plan from the United Way of Orange County’s website this Word Cloud was produced showing the most frequent words used in the Strategic Plan (the Strategic Plan was posted on the Web and then the text was copied to a Word document).
Some of the words are clearly a part of their strategic mission and could be used to analyze transcripts from interviews later after you receive IRB approval.
Here is an example using Dedoose to analyze transcripts on priorities in Information Security by Information Security Specialists. Here the scenario for this research is described to show you results from the Dedoose analysis.
There were eleven propositions for insider threat for computer systems in an organization, and the propositions were evaluated in terms of importance and timing within an insider risk program. Seven volunteers participated in the research. The interviews were conducted over Zoom with the audio portion of the discussions recorded. Each of the participants was presented with the eleven propositions and discussed each in the interview. While the respondents are anonymous, Table 1 shows their demographics and role in setting up insider threat programs.
Table 1
Participant demographics
The volunteers were recruited from the LinkedIn business networking platform. Over 70 individuals received invitations. Each invitation contained information about the purpose of the study, the fact that there would be a recorded interview, and that the research is carried out under applicable laws that govern research. The Informed Consent document was explained to prospective participants. Once they accepted the LinkedIn invitation, the respondents received a link to a Qualtrics survey containing the Informed Consent document. After they signed the Informed Consent form, it was possible to continue the research using the recorded interview. Of the 73 invitations sent, 25 of the individuals responded in the affirmative. Six withdrew their offer of participation, and others either did not sign the electronic copy of the Informed Consent or could not participate for some other reason. Seven volunteers were the final count of participants.
The central discussion of the interviews was dictated by the research question and the eleven propositions. Those eleven propositions were predetermined as the overarching themes of the interviews. Each proposition was presented to the volunteers one at a time, and then the subject stated their judgments. By signing the informed consent, the subject agreed to the Zoom interview and to have the audio of the interview recorded. Recording the discussions allowed detailed analysis of the conversations using the Dedoose qualitative analysis tool.
Transcription of audio data from the structured interviews occurred in three phases. In the first phase, the audio files underwent automatic transcription to text using a tool called Trint. The second transcription phase consisted of a transcriber listening to the MP3 audio files while reviewing the transcribed text and making corrections to inaccuracies. The third and final step was a second sweep of each text file to ensure that all the corrections had been made. The researcher and one assistant reviewed the transcribed text. The files underwent final validation by the researcher. After transcription of the audio and double-verification for accuracy, the text-based files were placed into Dedoose. Additionally, the demographic data regarding the participants was added as well.
After putting the files into Dedoose, an inductive method was applied to the transcribed data for the data coding. The image below shows a visual example of the coding process. Each transcript was first open coded as the transcriber listens to the audio of the interview. Subsequent passes allowed for linking related ideas in the axial coding part of the analysis. Figure 5 shows an example of the coding process.
Figure 5. Example of Open coding and Axial coding process in Dedoose.
The responses to the 11 propositions were coded according to two criteria, the first criterion is the importance of the proposed practice, and the second criterion is the timeline of implementing the practice when setting up a new insider threat program. Coding of the remainder of the text files from each of the interviews consists of a three-step process. The steps were open coding, axial, and lastly selective coding.
For this project, the 11 propositions provided a pre-existing framework of themes attached to each of the 11 propositions. One set deals with the importance of each proposition and another set deals with the timeliness of each proposition. These two frameworks were entered into Dedoose.
Each of the codes for the two types or characteristics were weighted in a custom fashion. Because there are 11 proposed processes, each code got a weight range of 1 to 11. In Dedoose, the higher the number, the greater the weight. When coding the interview, the researcher can evaluate the mood, context, and emphasis when adding a code weight to an excerpt in the text of each discussion. Figure 6 shows a sample of how each code can be assigned a weight range.
Figure 6. Weight range options set for coding in Dedoose, minimum weight 1, maximum weight 11.
Analysis of the transcripts with the coding yielded these results in Dedoose in Table 2.
Table 2
These weights then can be used to interpret the interviews and to produce a graphical analysis.
SLP Assignment Expectations
For your Background analysis, obtain a document from your firm such as a statement from the president, statement to the stockholders, strategic plan, or something of that sort. Then use the WordCloud addin for Word 2016. Here is a video to show you how to obtain the free Addin ProWordCloud: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=my1JRX84tyc
Now produce a WordCloud from the document you selected. Add to your Background a discussion of the results of the WordCloud and the areas identified. Discuss how these relate to the research question for your dissertation. You will NOT use Dedoose here because you can NOT collect any interviews until you have your IRB approval. If you want you can work on using Dedoose to analyze the document you just used to produce a WordCloud; however, this is not required.
Add this to the growing work you have on the Background for the firm you are studying.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
Assignment-Driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in text citations and the reference list.
Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
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county orange
Table 1
Figure 5
Figure 6
Table 2
module4dedoose.xlsx
Dedoose Chart Export
Count Min Max Mean Median Mode Range Sum SD Variance
P1Importance 24 2 11 9.6 10 11 9 231 2.8 3.9
P2Importance 12 2 11 8.1 9.5 11 9 97 4.1 11
P3Importance 29 6 11 10.4 11 11 5 301 2.3 1.2
P4Importance 27 8 11 10.7 11 11 3 290 2.2 0.4
P5Importance 11 4 11 9.1 10 11 7 100 3.9 6.7
P6Importance 13 7 11 10.6 11 11 4 138 3.3 1.3
P7Importance 11 10 11 10.5 11 11 1 116 3.4 0.3
P8Importance 14 5 11 9.6 10 11 6 134 3.2 3.5
P9Importance 11 1 11 6.6 7 1 10 73 4.4 14.9
P10Importance 7 5 11 8.7 9 8 6 61 4.1 3.9
p11Importance 8 7 11 9.6 10 11 4 77 3.9 2.3
P1 Timeliness 19 4 11 9.6 11 11 7 182 3.2 5
P2 Timeliness 18 2 9 5.1 4.5 3 7 91 2.6 5.5
P3 Timeliness 20 5 11 10.3 11 11 6 205 2.7 1.9
P4 Timeliness 23 9 11 10.6 11 11 2 244 2.4 0.4
P5 Timeliness 7 5 11 8.4 8 8 6 59 4.2 5.6
P6 Timeliness 6 5 9 7.2 7.5 9 4 43 3.8 4.2
P7 Timeliness 12 10 11 10.5 10.5 10 1 126 3.2 0.3
P8 Timeliness 17 4 11 7.9 9 9 7 135 3.3 6.8
P9 Timeliness 13 2 9 5.8 6 6 7 75 2.5 3.5
P10 Timeliness 9 3 11 7 6 5 8 63 3.8 8
P11 Timeliness 10 2 6 3.5 3 3 4 35 1.7 1.4
graphs
Importance versus Timeliness
Importance Timeliness
P1 231 182
P2 97 91
P3 301 205
P4 290 244
P5 100 59
P6 138 43
P7 116 126
P8 134 135
P9 73 75
P10 61 63
P11 77 35
Importance versus Timeliness
Importance P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 231 97 301 290 100 138 116 134 73 61 77 Timeliness P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 182 91 205 244 59 43 126 135 75 63 35
Importance versus Timeliness
Timeliness 231 97 301 290 100 138 116 134 73 61 77 182 91 205 244 59 43 126 135 75 63 35 Timeliness
Importance
Importance versus Timeliness
Importance P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 231 97 301 290 100 138 116 134 73 61 77 Timeliness P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 182 91 205 244 59 43 126 135 75 63 35
Importance versus Timeliness
Timeliness 231 97 301 290 100 138 116 134 73 61 77 182 91 205 244 59 43 126 135 75 63 35 Timeliness
Importance
Modules/Module4/Mod4Objectives.html
Module 4 – Outcomes
Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
Module
Critique available organizational data and its applicability to deliver insights for given business situation.
Case
Review data collection approaches.
SLP
Apply theme identification to qualitative data.
Discussion
Describe the process of working with the firm for your dissertation.
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Table of Contents.html
DOC670 Applied Statistics for Research (WIN2021-1) – Module 4: Designing the Triangulation Approach to Address the Research Problem
1. Home
2. Background
3. Case
4. SLP
5. Learning Outcomes