Criminal Justice Research Reform of American Police
Term Paper Requirements:
Your term paper topic is “Reform of American Police”
Assume the following: 1) you have been hired as a criminal justice expert by the Justice Department; 2) The Justice department would like you to research and report on the necessity of American police reform; 3) Discuss three most urgent areas of reforms that are needed; 4) Discuss the difficulties of police reform and how they can be overcome; Please keep in mind that your report must demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of the issues, and your familiarity with various viewpoints criminological literature and crime statistics.
This assignment is designed to teach students how to think and write like professionals.
The Term Paper a/k/a “report” must meet the following MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:
1. The term paper must be between 10 and 12 pages in length. The term paper length does not include the title page, table of contents page, or reference page.
a title page.
2. The term paper must have a title page The title page must have the title of the term paper, the student’s name, the student’s address, and the name of the course.
3. The term paper must have a table of contents. The table of contents must indicate the pages on which each portion or section of the paper begins. This will look like the table of contents of a book.
4. The term paper MAY have a “statement of the problem.” The statement of the problem identifies the topic discussed and the issues pertaining thereto. For purposes of this term paper, it is a one or two paragraph long discussion of the topic and identification of major issues relating to the topic.
5. The “statement of the problem” section of the term paper might identify many issues relating to the topic. However, after the “statement of the problem” section, discuss only one or two of the major issues you identified.
6. The term paper MAY have a recommendation section. It should briefly summarize the issues raised in the term paper, discuss your recommendations, and note how your recommendations are or are not supported by the facts and expert opinion to which you refer in your paper.
7. There must be a reference section of the term paper, using the APA citation format. If you do not know what the APA citation format is, then look at your textbooks and see how these authors cite the works on which they relied to write their documents. If you still are confused, visit the library and ask a reference librarian to show you an APA citation style document.
8. The term paper must rely upon relevant facts and expert opinion. The term paper must cite at least five peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly books. THIS MEANS – DO NOT CITE NEWSPAPER OR MAGAZINE ARTICLES!!! The APA citation format must be used.
9. The only references you may cite are peer-reviewed, professional journal articles (e.g., articles published in Crime and Delinquency, Police Quarterly, Social Problems, American Psychological Review), law review articles, scholarly books, federal and state case law (i.e., appellate court decisions), state or federal statutes (including references to their legislative history), and government publications (e.g., Uniform Crime Reports, National Institute of Justice publications, U.S. Census data).
10. The references cited must be books or scholarly journals published between 2012 and 2020 and at least one published between 2018 and 2020.
11. Each section of the term paper must have a separate heading and same must correspond to the page numbers noted on the Table of Contents. Placing a heading at the beginning of each section of the paper makes the discussion in the paper easier to follow. Headings also improve the paper’s visual presentation. Generally the paper should also meet the following criteria: 1. Central idea clearly stated in the introduction., 2. Adequate examples and evidence to support and develop the ideas., 3. Logical organization, 4. Clear method of development., 5. Unified and coherent paragraphs with smooth and functional transitions, 6. Use of details and specific language, 7. Accuracy, coherence and logic, 8. Consistency in tone, point of view, tense and diction, 9. Variety of sentence structure, 10. Effective and mature vocabulary, 11. Readable style.
12. The term paper must use the proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation. If a direct quotation is more than two lines long, make certain you single space and indent it.
13. Points will be subtracted for all technical flaws in the term paper.
14. The term paper may not contain any plagiarism. Plagiarism occurs when a person represents someone else’s words, ideas, phrases, sentences or data as one’s own work. When a student submits work that includes such material, the source of that information must be acknowledged through complete and accurate references. All verbatim statements must be acknowledged by means of quotation marks. Examples of plagiarism include, but are not limited to the following:
One person quoting another’s words directly without acknowledging the source;
Using another’s ideas, opinions or theories without acknowledging the source, even if they have been completely paraphrased in one’s own words;
Using facts, statistics or other illustrative material taken from a source, without acknowledging the source, unless the information is common knowledge;
Using words or work of others taken from the internet without acknowledging he source(s).
For this assignment, academic misconduct will consist of:
Submitting written work to fulfill the requirements of more than one course without the explicit permission of the instructors and will result in a zero grade and other University discipline.
If any part of a term paper contains plagiarism, no matter how small that part is, the student will receive a zero on the term paper assignment. All papers will be checked by a Plagiarism Prevention System.
For purposes of this term paper assignment, if a term paper fails to use quotation marks when stating the specific language of a statute or court decision, there will be no penalty – just make certain the statute or court decision is properly cited.
15. The FINAL Version of your term paper must be submitted electronically through the course e-mail. No hard copies will be accepted.
16. Prepare a detailed Outline (using the format described in #12 above) and tentative list of all references (books, articles and other sources of information) you will use to write your term paper. Your detailed outline and list of references that you are using in the term paper must be submitted.
17. The abstract in this paper must look like the abstract is here. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9125.12236
Running head: REFORM OF AMERICAN POLICE 1
REFORM OF AMERICAN POLICE 3
Outline – Reform of American Police
Student Name
Course
Instructor
Date
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Definition of reform of American police.
B. Background information.
C. Thesis statement.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
III. URGENT AREAS TO REFORM.
A. Police use of excessive force.
B. Police corruption.
C. Search and seizure.
IV. DIFFICULTIES OF POLICE REFORM.
A. Police culture.
B. Laws that protect the police.
C. Inequality in police forces.
V. HOW TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTIES OF POLICE REFORM.
A. Proper training of police.
B. Accountability in the police force.
C. Create public awareness on importance of police reform.
VI. CONCLUSION
VII. REFERENCES.
References
Bell, M.C. (n.d.). Police reform and the dismantling of legal estrangement. The Yale Law Journal. Retrieved from
https://www.yalelawjournal.org/essay/police-reform-and-the-dismantling-of-legal-estrangement
Engel, R.S., McManus, H.D., & Isaza, G.T. (2020). Moving beyond “Best Practice.” Experiences in police reform and a call for evidence to reduce officer-involved shootings. ANNALS, AAPSS, 687: 147-165. DOI: 10.1177/0002716219889328
Rushin, S. (2014. Federal enforcement of police reform. Fordham L. Rev, 82: 3189 – 3247. Retrieved from
https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol82/iss6/20
Timpf, M.L. (2017). Police reforms: identifying the potential adverse impacts and challenges to law enforcement agencies. Thesis.
Walker, S. (2012). Institutionalizing police accountability reforms: the problem of making police reforms endure. Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 32 (1): 57-92. Retrieved from
https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/plr/vol32/iss1/7