Comparison of Two Field Methods in a Scientific Report/Paper Format
I have attached the File name lab 9 as a paper criteria.
There is the excel sheet too.
Minimum Content of the Scientific Report Title The title should be a brief summary statement about your paper. Your title will be what is most commonly cited and will be the “target” of topical searches via the internet. Choose your words carefully. As short and as concise a title as possible is best. Each student will come up with the title! You might consider waiting until after completing the report to finalize the title.
Abstract Think of the abstract as a short summary of your paper that could stand-alone as a publication. The abstract should include, in order: a summary of the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. However, you may include only key results and key discussion points in the abstract. Do not include reference to figures and tables, and don’t use abbreviations. Don’t include references in the abstract. This is the hardest section of the paper to write, and should be written after you complete the other sections. Minimum of 200 and maximum of 300 words in a single-paragraph format. Introduction The introduction should include a detailed explanation about why you are doing the study, i.e., the basis for your study. This section should include observations or results from previous studies that support the basis for your study, but not the results or discussion or conclusions drawn from the results of your project. Follow these observations or results from previous studies with the questions or hypotheses of your study. The introduction should end with a brief paragraph that summarizes the setting, scope, and justification or importance of the study. This is a lead-in paragraph to the rest of the paper. Minimum of 1/2 page of text in length with one or more paragraphs. 2 Methods Write the methods in the past tense. This should be a detailed, step-by-step, description of how you did the study. Include details on the equipment and materials used (see list below). Include the approach to data analysis and cite any statistical or other applications used to input, manage, graph, or analyze the data. Include citations for any standard or previously published methods used. Write this section with enough detail that someone else could duplicate your study or conduct a similar study with only your methods section available. Include a map showing the location, sampling area, and plot and belt transect in the sampling area. Minimum of one page of text in length with multiple paragraphs. Results This the “what you got” section. Write the results in the past tense. This sections includes any data or results tables and graphs you have. This is a summary of your key results from data, graphs, and/or results of statistical analyses. You are not required to include a statistical analysis(-es). You are required to include summary statistics for each data set (plot and belt transect) including the mean, maximum, minimum, variance and standard deviation. If you do include a statistical analysis (-es), include the result of each statistical analysis that supports a result(s) as below. o ….there was no statistically significant difference (df=9, p>0.05, t=3.89) between mean species diversity scores…. You are not drawing conclusions, stating reasons, or interpretations in this section; only stating what you found. Minimum of one table that includes summary statistics for each variable by method. Minimum of two graphs included in this section. Each graph not larger than 1/3 of a page. Insert the graphs in the text of the results section. Minimum of one page of text in length with multiple paragraphs. Discussion This is the section where you interpret and evaluate your results. Explain how you results supported or did not support the objective(s), hypotheses, or stated purpose(s) of the paper. Put your conclusions in scientific context by comparing to previous studies that had similar or even different conclusions. End with implications of one or more of the conclusions for any future studies. Minimum of ½ page with one or more paragraphs. 3 References Sited Include full citations of the references cited in your paper, and only the references you included in text. Only use journal articles (no books) as references, and a minimum of two references. Use this format for each journal article reference. o Jones, J. B. and Smith, R. L. 1980. Key findings by The Flat-Earth Society. Journal of Alternative Earths, 50, p. 210-244. Minimum Requirements Title o Include names of all members of your lab group Abstract (min. 200 words and max. of 300 words) Introduction (min. ½ page of text) Methods (min. of 1 page of text) o Includes a map of the study area. Results (min. of 1 page of text) o Include min. of 1 table for summary statistics. o Include a min. of 2 graphs. o Make sure graphs can “stand alone!” Discussion (min. of ½ page of text) References Cited (min. of 2 references) Max. of 1.5 spacing and max. #11 front Grading based on meeting all minimum requirements, graphs and the map being neat and complete, each paper = one student, and minimal grammatical and mechanical errors. o 75 points plus up to 10 extra points based on originality and overall quality of the report. Equipment and Materials Garmin Montana 610 hand-held GPS for coordinates of the SW corner of sampling area Google Earth Pro to reconnoiter and ultimately locate sampling area. Various cell phone compass apps for making 90-degree turns off each corner of sampling area 50 cm tree calipers 15 cm calipers Meter (1 m in length) stick 30-meter calibrated rope for delineating each sampling cell. RAND (randomization function) in Microsoft Excel for randomly determining location of belt transect and plots. Surveyor pin flags to mark perimeter of sampling area.
> data
.1
. .9
2.8 1.3 1.6 (cm)
(cm)
1.1 7.9 1.1 3.5 0.9 2.8 2.7 1.1 0.7 4 1.1 data
1.9 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 5.2 2.6 1.9 0.8 3.2 0.9 2.1 5.7 0.4 0.6 data
Eastern Red Cedar Shrub Tree 2.8 cm 0.8 cm 1.6 cm 0.7 cm 0.6 cm 6.0 cm data
1.2cm 2.2cm 1.4cm 3.1cm 2.5cm 1.0cm 5.0cm 2.4cm 3.6cm 2.5cm >Sheet . Tree Tree Tree Yes .4
Shrub 1 Shrub Shrub Shrub 1.5 Shrub 1 Shrub Tree Tree Yes Tree Tree 2.5 Shrub 1.3 Tree 21 .9
tree 0.6 tree 1.6 tree 1.6 Tree 1.3 cm
tree 4.1 tree 4.6 Lab Exercise 9_ Comparing Plant Density and Dominance in an Upland Forest using Two Methods Methods Summary
The objective of this field exercise is to compare plant density and dominance in an The sampling area is 50 m x 30 m (see gridded sampling area table below) We will compare the data using a plot vs. a belt transect method in the same sampling Belt transect method o Measure the diameter (cm) of every woody shrub and tree in the randomly o Indicate if the woody plant is a shrub or tree, and if it is a red cedar.
1 2 3 4 5 Each cell is 5 m x 10 m
B
A
C
D
E
F
50 m
mm
30 m Plot transect method o Measure the diameter of every woody shrub and tree in each of the randomly o Indicate if the woody plant is a shrub or tree, and if it is a red cedar. 1 2 3 4 5 Each cell is 5 m x 10 m B 1 Lab 9: Comparison of Two Field Methods in a
Scientific Report/Paper Format
Minimum Content of the Scientific Report
Title
The title should be a brief summary statement about your paper. Your title will be what Each student will come up with the title! You might consider waiting until after Abstract
Think of the abstract as a short summary of your paper that could stand-alone as a Minimum of 200 and maximum of 300 words in a single-paragraph format.
Introduction
The introduction should include a detailed explanation about why you are doing the This section should include observations or results from previous studies that support Follow these observations or results from previous studies with the questions or The introduction should end with a brief paragraph that summarizes the setting, scope, Minimum of 1/2 page of text in length with one or more paragraphs.
2 Methods
Write the methods in the past tense.
This should be a detailed, step-by-step, description of how you did the study.
Include details on the equipment and materials used (see list below).
Include the approach to data analysis and cite any statistical or other applications used Include citations for any standard or previously published methods used.
Write this section with enough detail that someone else could duplicate your study or Include a map showing the location, sampling area, and plot and belt transect in the Minimum of one page of text in length with multiple paragraphs.
Results Write the results in the past tense.
This sections includes any data or results tables and graphs you have.
This is a summary of your key results from data, graphs, and/or results of statistical You are not required to include a statistical analysis(-es).
You are required to include summary statistics for each data set (plot and belt transect) If you do include a statistical analysis (-es), include the result of each statistical analysis o ….there was no statistically significant difference (df=9, p>0.05, t=3.89) between You are not drawing conclusions, stating reasons, or interpretations in this section; only Minimum of one table that includes summary statistics for each variable by method.
Minimum of two graphs included in this section. Each graph not larger than 1/3 of a Minimum of one page of text in length with multiple paragraphs.
Discussion
This is the section where you interpret and evaluate your results.
Explain how you results supported or did not support the objective(s), hypotheses, or Put your conclusions in scientific context by comparing to previous studies that had End with implications of one or more of the conclusions for any future studies.
Minimum of ½ page with one or more paragraphs.
3 References Sited
Include full citations of the references cited in your paper, and only the references you
included in text.
Only use journal articles (no books) as references, and a minimum of two references.
Use this format for each journal article reference.
o Jones, J. B. and Smith, R. L. 1980. Key findings by The Flat-Earth Society. Journal
of Alternative Earths, 50, p. 210-244.
Minimum Requirements
Title
o Include names of all members of your lab group
Abstract (min. 200 words and max. of 300 words)
Introduction (min. ½ page of text)
Methods (min. of 1 page of text)
o Includes a map of the study area.
Results (min. of 1 page of text)
o Include min. of 1 table for summary statistics.
o Include a min. of 2 graphs.
o Make sure graphs can “stand alone!”
Discussion (min. of ½ page of text)
References Cited (min. of 2 references)
Max. of 1.5 spacing and max. #11 font.
Report due (upload to Blackboard or turn in hard copy) by 5 PM Monday, April 26thth.
Grading based on meeting all minimum requirements, graphs and the map being neat
and complete, each paper = one student, and minimal grammatical and mechanical
errors.
o 75 points plus up to 10 extra points based on originality and overall quality of
the report.
Equipment and Materials
Garmin Montana 610 hand-held GPS for coordinates of the SW corner of sampling area
Google Earth Pro to reconnoiter and ultimately locate sampling area.
Various cell phone compass apps for making 90-degree turns off each corner of
sampling area 50 cm tree calipers
15 cm calipers
Meter (1 m in length) stick
30-meter calibrated rope for delineating each sampling cell.
RAND (randomization function) in Microsoft Excel for randomly determining location of
belt transect and plots.
Surveyor pin flags to mark perimeter of sampling area. 4 D
1
Belt Team
D1
Measurements in cm
Plant Number
Eastern Red Cedar
Shrub
Tree
1
20
2
1.1
3
9
5
4
6
5
5.6
6
4.4
7
5.7
8
0.7
9
1.3
10
2.8
11
0.8
12
0.4
13
2.7
14
7.9
15
1.6
16
3.2
17
3.4
18
19
20
1.9
21
D2 data
Belt Team
2D
Measurement in cm
Plant Number
Eastern Red Ceder
Shrub
Tree (cm)
22
3.5
23
24
2.1
25
26
27
1.2
28
1.5
29
8.1
30
31
5.3
32
1.7
33
5.2
34
0.9
35
36
37
2.6
38
33.6
39
40
41
8.8
42
43
44
45
1.4
46
3.3
D3
Belt Team
D3 Measurement in cm
Plant Number Eastern Red Ceder Shrub Tree
47
48
49
4.3
50
5.5
51
2.4
52
53
54
55
56
0.6
57
58
59
60
61
62
6.3
63
64
65
66
22.5
67
68
69
70
D4
Belt Team
D4
Plant Number
71
3.5 cm
72
1
6.0 cm
73
14.3 cm
74
1.5 cm
75
3.5 cm
76
8.6 cm
77
0.6 cm
78
2.8 cm
79
80
0.7 cm
81
5.9 cm
82
1.4 cm
83
1.8 cm
84
0.8 cm
85
1.1 cm
86
1.6 cm
87
2.1 cm
88
89
2.6 cm
90
91
3.1 cm
92
93
0.9 cm
94
11.5 cm
95
96
97
0.5 cm
98
7.3 cm
99
0.3 cm
100
1.0 cm
101
75 cm
D5
Belt Team
D5
Plant Number Eastern Red Cedar Shrub Tree
102
6.2cm
103
0.9cm
104
4.9cm
105
2.0cm
106
2.2cm
107
8.0cm
108
1.2cm
109
4.0cm
110
2.4cm
111
1.0cm
112
113
1
2.5cm
114
3.0cm
115
10.9cm
116
3.1cm
117
11.8cm
118
1.4cm
119
120
1.3cm
121
3.6cm
122
5.0cm
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
1.5cm
130
2.6cm
131
1.6cm
132
1.9cm
133
134
0.8cm
135
136
1.1cm
Sampling area layout data
South West Corner:
N 34° 45.702 W 96° 39.048
Go East for 50 m at 110°
Go North for 30 m at 20°
Go West for 50 m at 295°
Go South for 30 m at 205°
2
1
Plant Number 1
Type
Eastern Red Cedar: yes or not?
Diameter (cm)
1
Tree
1
4
5
2 Tree 1
D1
3
1.5
E2
4
Shrub
0.
8
C3
5 Tree
Yes
34
C5
6
1.1
A4
7
0.8
8 Tree
13
9
10
0.6
11
0.7
12
13 Shrub
1.2
14
15
1.3
16
2.5
17
1
2.6
18
2.4
19
20
21
1
shrub
2.9
2
tree
4.1
3 tree 9
4 tree 1
5 tree 1.3
6 tree 1
7 tree
22
8 tree
1.8
9 tree
6.9
10 tree 1.3
11 tree 2.4
12 tree
3.8
13 tree
2.8
14 tree
0.9
15 tree 3
16 tree 2.8
17 tree
1.6
18 tree 0.9
19 tree
3.9
20 Tree Yes 6
21 tree
9.2
22 tree 2
23
24
25
26
1 Tree 1.3
2 Tree 1.1
3 Tree 0.9
4 Tree 0.9
5 Shrub
0.5
6 Shrub
3.1
7 Tree 1.8
8 Tree 9
9 Tree 0.9
10 Tree 6
11 Tree
2.3
12 Tree 0.8
13 Tree
5.4
14 Tree
2.2
15 Tree 0.6
16 Tree
9.3
17 Tree 9
18 Tree
6.6
19 Tree Yes 2.4
20 Shrub
3.3
21 Tree 5
22 Tree
1.9
1 Tree
10.4 cm
2 Tree
1.2 cm
3 Tree
1.1 cm
4 Tree
4.0 cm
5 Tree
2.0 cm
6 Tree
6.4 cm
7 Tree
2
3.4
8 Tree
29.8 cm
9 Tree
6.2 cm
10 Tree
2.8 cm
11 Tree
1.5 cm
12 Tree
5.5 cm
13 Tree
1.3 cm
14 Tree
0.8 cm
15 Tree
2.9 cm
16 Shrub
2.2 cm
17 Shrub 1.3 cm
1 tree 3.1
2 Tree Yes 3
3 tree 1.5
4 tree 0.7
5 tree 2.6
6 tree 2.8
7 tree 2.4
8 tree
4.4
9 tree 7
10 Tree Yes 3.4
11 Tree Yes
4.2
12 tree 3
13 tree 1.9
14 tree 2.6
15 tree
2
4.6
16 Tree Yes 5.4
17 tree
4.7
18 Tree Yes 1.8
19 tree
5.8
20 tree
6.5
21 tree
8.4
22 tree Yes 2
23 tree
0.3
24 tree
14.3
25 tree 2.4
26 tree 3.9
27
28
upland forest of the Northern Cross Timbers Ecoregion using two different data-
collection methods.
area.
selected belt transect below.
selected cells (plots) below.
A
C
D
E
F
50 m
mm
30 m
is most commonly cited and will be the “target” of topical searches via the internet.
Choose your words carefully. As short and as concise a title as possible is best.
completing the report to finalize the title.
publication. The abstract should include, in order: a summary of the introduction,
methods, results, and discussion. However, you may include only key results and key
discussion points in the abstract. Do not include reference to figures and tables, and
don’t use abbreviations. Don’t include references in the abstract. This is the hardest
section of the paper to write, and should be written after you complete the other
sections.
study, i.e., the basis for your study.
the basis for your study, but not the results or discussion or conclusions drawn from the
results of your project.
hypotheses of your study.
and justification or importance of the study. This is a lead-in paragraph to the rest of the
paper.
to input, manage, graph, or analyze the data.
conduct a similar study with only your methods section available.
sampling area.
This the “what you got” section.
analyses.
including the mean, maximum, minimum, variance and standard deviation.
that supports a result(s) as below.
mean species diversity scores….
stating what you found.
page. Insert the graphs in the text of the results section.
stated purpose(s) of the paper.
similar or even different conclusions.