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The GG Freightways (GGFRT) ITSP Part 1 Assignment is due at the end of this week.

7/7/2020 1

Case Study: GG Freightways (GGFRT)
GGFRT is a regional transportation and distribution company in operation for over 30 years. The
company serves major cities in the southwestern region of the United States. Their headquarters
(1), terminals/warehouses (8) and maintenance facilities (2) are noted below.

Corporate Profile
Corporate Name: GG Freightways
Founded: August 1989
Headquarters: Los Angeles CA
Terminals/Warehouses (8): Los Angeles CA, San Diego CA, San Bernardino CA, Bakersfield CA,
Scottsdale AZ, Phoenix AZ, Tucson AZ, and Las Vegas NV
Maintenance Facilities (2): San Bernardino CA, Scottsdale AZ
Number of Employees: 750 (includes truck drivers)
Fleet: 400 delivery vehicles (average of 50 per terminal) which include: 80 tractor/semi-trailer units,
160 box trucks and 160 panel vans
Total Annual Gross Revenue: $35 million
Current economic climate: stable industry, highly competitive business environment, 6% profit
Future financial goals: 8% profit with 8% reduction in operating costs
President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO): Marissa Schmidt

To familiarize yourself with commonly-used shipping terms in the freight industry, visit this site
and refer to it as you read the case study and assignments:
http://www.shipnorthamerica.com/htmfiles/glossary/gloss_shipterms.html

Current Business Operations

GGFRT operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Sales personnel (40 people, five per terminal) visit

prospective customers to outline company capability, services provided and costs. When a customer

decides to use GGFRT they call the dispatch office with shipment information. Usually they FAX a copy of

the bill(s) of lading to a terminal with information such as origin, destination, product description,

weight and number of packages.

A dispatcher at a terminal makes a list of freight pickups and sends a truck to get the freight. To do this

they use the Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System to determine the sequence of pickups by zip

code. They use local maps within a zip code to map out the specific order of pickups since there may be

several in a zip code area. They have a performance goal of 98% of freight picked up within 24 hours of

availability.

A driver follows the dispatch order for pickups. Many of the drivers complain that the pickup order is not

efficient. When they pick up an order they sign for receipt and either load the freight or guide the

customer’s forklift operators to arrange it properly in the truck.

After freight is picked up it is brought to the terminal where it is unloaded and sorted by destination. A

dispatcher then prepares a delivery ticket (again using the Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System)

http://www.shipnorthamerica.com/htmfiles/glossary/gloss_shipterms.html

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that is used to load a truck in the proper sequence for delivery. Some trucks take freight from one

terminal to another while others make local deliveries. Since some terminals are close to 12 hours away

from each other, there are many “out and back” routes where drivers meet halfway between terminals

to exchange freight trailers, which benefits drivers so they don’t exceed their permitted daily maximum

driving hours of 11 per day. About half of a terminal’s space is used on any given night. Dispatchers have

a goal to turn freight around in the terminal overnight for next day delivery.

When freight is sent out for delivery, the driver follows the delivery ticket order. Often, they are held up

at a delivery destination by traffic or by lack of available unloading space. This can cause the driver to be

late trying to make the day’s deliveries. Sometimes they get to a destination and the facility is closed

and they bring the freight back to the terminal for delivery the next day. It is unloaded and re-sorted by

destination. The dispatchers then add it to the next day’s delivery tickets.

The major freight volumes are between Phoenix, San Diego and Los Angeles (about 70% of total

volume). Trucks run at about 70% average of capacity between terminals. Local delivery volume is

heaviest in Los Angeles, followed by Phoenix and then San Diego. Local delivery trucks operate at about

80% full while pickups fill about half of the vehicles space. Some customers pick up and/or drop freight

at a terminal/warehouse, with their own equipment.

Truck drivers communicate with the dispatchers using two-way commercial radios. Some also carry

personal cell phones and use them if the radio is out of range. A few drivers also carry GPS devices to

help locate addresses. In general, the drivers are content with the company. Pay and benefits are good,

and they get overtime pay when deliveries run late. Complaints are few and mostly center around either

the sequence of pickup and delivery of shipments or vehicle maintenance.

The fleet is maintained at the main Scottsdale maintenance shop and at a smaller shop in San

Bernardino. Either one can handle minor maintenance and preventative work. Only Scottsdale can

perform major engine and transmission work. Overall the fleet is in good operating condition. All

vehicles are on a preventative maintenance schedule which places them out of service two days a

month, usually on weekends. Maintenance scheduling is a challenge because it can interfere with the

steady flow of shipments both between terminals and for local delivery. There are no “extra” vehicles in

the fleet.

Administration

The company management team consists of the President (CEO), Vice President of Operations (COO),

Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Information Officer (CIO), Sales Manager, and a Fleet Maintenance

Manager who oversees maintenance and safety. They meet weekly to discuss opportunities and issues

and to plan for future goals. Except for the CIO, the management team has been in place for many years

The president of the company just hired its first Chief Information Officer (CIO), Lance, after the previous

IT Director retired. He comes from a nearby manufacturer who is also a major customer. At that

company he was Deputy CIO and primarily responsible for network operations and security.

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Business Strategic Objectives

At a recent meeting the management team decided to change the strategic plan for the business to

meet growth and cost goals. They highlighted three new strategies they want to employ to increase

profitability and grow the business.

1. First, they want to track the whereabouts of freight both in the terminals and on the trucks to

provide customers with accurate delivery dates and times;

2. Second, they want to improve the percent of loaded miles in their fleet to reduce costs by

coordinating the pickup and delivery of freight at the same time in the same geographic area;

and,

3. Third, they desire to provide warehousing services for customers who want to reduce delivery

time to their customers or company by having product available locally for pickup in warehouses

or quicker local delivery.

Federal/State Mandates

In addition, the management team wants to ensure that the company remains in compliance with all

applicable federal and state regulations. The ones they are most concerned about are:

1. The Sarbanes Oxley financial audit and reporting requirements;

2. A new federal requirement to conduct a vehicle safety check every 10,000 miles; and,

3. A Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) reporting requirement on the number

hours per day for each driver (or max per week, etc.).

CFO/CIO Goals

The CFO has been charged with the overall project. He has asked Lance to help with this effort by

modernizing information systems to support the new strategies. He has decided:

1. His first step is to update the IT strategic plan to link to the new strategies in the corporate plan.

2. Second, he wants to engage his customers in a proactive way to first, identify and prioritize IT

projects that will help meet the new goals, and then develop a set of requirements for each

project.

3. Third, he wants to decide on the best approach to modernize the information systems that will

meet requirements at a reasonable cost, and for this he will need to make some changes to the

IT organization.

Strategic Direction
As a small player in a large transportation market serving large cities, GGFRT has many larger
competitors. They need to improve their alignment of IT with their business strategic objectives as
well as updating their operational processes and IT to become more efficient in serving their
customers and acquiring new ones.

Current Technology

GGFRT is using a mix of older technology products for finance and accounting, route optimization/

freight tracking and fleet maintenance. There are several projects already in the IT portfolio competing

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for resources. The CIO sees a major challenge in balancing available funding, IT staff workload and

project prioritization. The project nearest completion is the adoption of the Precise Financial Reporting

System to replace the aging finance and accounting system. It will be completed in six months. There are

two other projects under way, one for management reporting (Management Reporting System) and one

for a mobile application (Mobile Marketing App) that sales staff can use to show potential customers

information on the fleet, distribution services available and freight rates, and warehouse options,

including a comparison to the competition.

The Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System is very important to the operations manager and

dispatchers. The current system allows the input of freight origin and destination information. This is

taken from a bill of lading which contains a plethora of specific information. When the dispatchers enter

the origins and destinations into the system, they are grouped by zip code. The dispatchers then decide

which zip codes will be loaded in a truck and in what sequence for delivery. This takes several hours at

night to accomplish and must be done as quickly as possible so trucks can be loaded and sent out in the

morning for delivery. Arranging shipment sequence within a zip code is done by locating each address

on a map and entering it into the system in the best order. Pickups are handled in a similar manner.

Freight tracking features are not yet integrated; this should be developed in the future to meet one of

the business objectives. The freight tracking features of this system has not yet been developed.

The Fleet Maintenance System contains information on each vehicle in the fleet. It includes all vehicle

specifications, a summary of all repairs, a preventive maintenance schedule and an inventory of parts on

hand. This information is entered by accounting clerks, mechanics, purchasing clerks and anyone else

who has time to do data entry. It is not as time consuming as the route optimization/freight tracking

system, but it contains information critical to fleet reliability. The greatest challenge is scheduling

preventative maintenance since it requires vehicles to be down for two days. The dispatchers do not

want the equipment taken out of service because it causes planning headaches. The relationship

between dispatchers and maintenance personnel is strained.

IT Organization

When Lance was hired as CIO last month, he took a close look at the current staffing. The IT staff

consists of 25 people, seven of whom are programmers. The programmers are charged with all systems

development and integration work for the company. They have three projects in their current portfolio.

Their skill sets include SQL, .Net and C+ programming, and Web design.

There are eight helpdesk personnel who support the eight distribution terminals (one at each terminal).

They work independently but report directly to the CIO. The remaining staff includes two network

engineers, a financial systems specialist (an expert in the features of the Precise Financial Reporting

System), a computer security expert, two shift supervisors (who supervise the programmers, network

engineers, financial systems specialist and computer security expert at headquarters), a web designer

(though there is no website currently in use, this person reports to the shift supervisors), and the CIO

and his two personal assistants.

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The IT staff supports multiple locations. At the Los Angeles headquarters/terminal/warehouse there are

15 servers (they contain all software and data; one stores a backup copy of the data) and 30 PCs for

accounting, marketing, IT, administration and management. The terminal/warehouse operations offices

have eight PCs for dispatchers, one for each of the maintenance offices, one for parts and one for

drivers in the driver lounge. The other seven terminals have 10 PCs each and connect to headquarters

by a virtual private network (VPN).

IT Portfolio

Precise Financial Reporting System- This new system will replace the current Finance and Accounting

System. It is an off-the-shelf product that requires the owner to make modifications to interface with

other systems they may own. Two programmers are working on the project. One is setting up the

database and loading the software on servers. The other is learning about the system to write an

interface with the Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System. A representative of the vendor of

Precise Financial will train the accounting staff in its use. This will take about two weeks. It can be

assumed that this new system will cover any Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) mandate requirements.

Management Reporting System- Senior management wanted to know financial information daily. Two

programmers have been working on a system to compile the data in a format they can use. They plan to

extract information from Precise Financials when it is ready but for now have focused on the current

system. They will be done in two months.

Mobile Marketing App- The marketing manager asked for an app that sales staff could use to show

potential customers information. This would include things like fleet photos and specifications; pictures

of the eight terminals and information about the distribution/warehouse services GGFRT can provide;

and a comparison of their costs using sample shipments with rates from competitors compared to

GGFRT costs. A programmer and the web designer are working on the project. It will take two more

months to complete. The purpose of this app is not for tracking of freight and/or driver hours/vehicle

mileage.

The current design/development process is best described by the way it worked in the selection and

integration of Precise Financials. The CFO asked the (former) CIO to develop a new finance and

accounting system. The CIO interviewed large, respected companies and, after comparing their

capability to the current system, chose Precise Financial Reporting. Two programmers were assigned,

and a Precise Financial Reporting System specialist was hired to work between IT and the finance office.

The CIO receives progress reports every two weeks.

Situation

When Lance was hired, he toured each terminal to see the IT setup and understand local business

operations. It was important to him to know just how each person used the systems. He spent time with

bookkeepers and accountants, dispatchers, drivers and terminal management. Since he came from one

of GGFRT’s customers he knew that customers could offer insight into business improvements that

would be good for both companies. He visited one large customer in each of the terminal’s area of

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service to get feedback on how operations between them and GGFRT could be improved. His goal was

to see how he could translate what he learned into systems improvements.

Interestingly the most complaints came from bookkeepers and accountants. They said the system was

slow and data entry was tedious because accuracy was very important. If they entered wrong

information, it could cause incorrect billing (rates are based on weight and size), improper loading (the

wrong zip code could mean sending freight in the wrong direction unless a dispatcher caught the error),

and more. They estimated current accuracy at about 95% but they had no way of knowing for sure.

Further, they complained about financial reporting and their ability to meet compliance requirements.

Reporting was mostly a manual process and data they needed from the system was not easily accessed.

Most of them had resorted to keeping small ledgers at their desks to track information they knew they

would need for reporting.

The dispatchers explained that routing wasn’t all that hard, just time consuming. The routing system

grouped all the shipments by zip code. They would take all the shipments in a zip code and look at the

weight and size (how much cubic space each one needed in a truck), plot them on a map and then put

them in delivery sequence. They thought most trucks left the loading dock full and that that the drivers

made adjustments in their delivery sequence when needed. Pickups were a bit more challenging.

Sometimes they sent a truck out just to pick up freight and bring it back to the terminal. Other times

they contacted a driver to ask them to stop at a customer to pick up a shipment while they were making

deliveries. Since they didn’t know exactly how much space was available on the truck this was a hit or

miss situation. Drivers were left to decide if they could make it work.

Drivers were the most outspoken, probably because no one ever asked for their opinion. They were also

the happiest of employees (this might explain why they were non-union). They liked being able to make

decisions on the go and they knew the customers very well. In fact, they could call some of them if they

were running late and the customer would stay open so they could deliver or pick up a shipment. They

seemed to have favorite customers and often spent extra time with them talking about common

interests. Generally, they were good ambassadors for the company.

Terminal managers were under constant pressure. Their main goal was to get shipments into and out of

the terminal as quickly as possible. Delivery times were measured and part of their performance plan.

They knew the company had established three new strategies because they were explained in an email

they just got. Lance asked how they might provide warehousing services. Most felt they had extra space

and could take on some storage but keeping track of the shipments might be a problem. They had to do

this manually and the bookkeepers were the ones to keep the records. They felt more bookkeepers

would be needed but they didn’t know how many.

Lance also met with the maintenance and safety staff at the San Bernardino terminal. The maintenance

folks had a large workload and complained that they had a hard time getting equipment in the shop for

preventative work. They did not know when equipment would be available until the last minute, so

scheduling was always a scramble because they needed to make sure mechanics were available to do

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the work. They had a lot of complaints about shifting work hours and the effect it had on their personal

lives.

The Safety Manager expressed concerns over driver hours of service. There are federal regulations that

limit drivers to 11 hours of driving at a time. Then they need to take an eight-hour break. The problem

was tracking the driver’s hours to make sure they stayed within the law. Dispatchers tried to help with

this when they scheduled pickups and deliveries but there was no easy way to do it and the results were

often based on best guess. The safety manager who was ultimately responsible for compliance had

drivers turn in their hours each day, but this was always after the fact.

Lance’s customer visits were eye-opening. Most of the customers had automated inventory systems and

could easily track products from raw material to finished goods. They knew exactly what they would ship

and when, usually several days ahead of time. Some customers however needed near instantaneous

shipping. They wanted same-day pickup in a lot of cases and fast delivery. In most cases, they were all

able to produce electronic documents such as the bill of lading and email or FAX it to GGFRT.

During his interview for the CIO position, Lance was told that the previous IT Director had left a good

foundation and that the staff seemed sufficient in number and appeared to be very capable. However,

since GGFRT is developing its strategies for the future, the staff must be able to support the business

strategies as well as the IT strategies that Lance would develop. One of the first things Lance did was to

interview each member of his staff. He discovered that the roles and responsibilities tended to overlap

and that morale among his staff was very low. Lance also interviewed the senior leadership of GGFRT

and learned that his staff was not meeting their expectations for service. The help desk was perceived

as being only somewhat competent and took much too long to respond to problems. Application

developers were very slow in delivering systems, and when the systems were finally delivered, they did

not reflect what the customers needed or wanted. Network outages occurred too often from the users’

perspective. Finally, the Chief Financial Officer told Lance that the IT costs need to be reduced.

Lance knew he had many challenges. He was determined to identify essential projects and then

prioritize them for management review. The outcomes would affect almost every aspect of the

business. His IT portfolio was about to grow, and her organization will need to change to meet the

challenges.

Your Task
From the perspective of the CIO for GGFRT, you will be completing many tasks over this semester.

• In the ITSP #1 assignment, your main goals will be to develop a new business strategic
objective that you feel is one that GGFRT needs to accomplish. You will write IT Mission and
Vision statements and develop an IT Governance Board, select an IT Governance
Methodology, choose your team and discuss their roles on the board. You will also choose a
prioritization tool to rank projects and discuss criteria that is important while prioritizing
those projects along with a few other tasks.

• In the ITSP #2 assignment, your main goals will be to choose IT strategies, aligning them
with business strategic objectives from the ITSP #1 assignment. You will complete an IT
roadmap of the current project schedule and add a new project that you will deem

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important to GGFRT’s operations. You will discuss risk of implementing projects from the
CIO perspective and create steps of a Business Continuity Plan along with a few other tasks.

• For the CIO Memo assignment, you will discuss your leadership philosophy and
management style, address IT strategies and discuss how each will benefit the business,
create an organizational chart based on the information presented above for the 24
employees in the IT Department, explain how a CIO Organization differs from an IT
Department, note Key Services (functions, positions) that will be included/eliminate in your
new CIO Organization, create a new CIO organizational chart, and discuss key milestones
(related to the Key Services’ section) for accomplishing your new CIO organizational
structure along with a few other tasks.

• In the IT Decision Paper assignment, your project will be presented (from the ITSP #2
assignment), the strategic alignment of your project to one of the business objectives (from the
ITSP #1 assignment) and IT strategies (from the ITSP #2 assignment) will be discussed, discussion
of where your proposed project would fit into the IT roadmap (from the ITSP #2 assignment) will
be discussed, how your project will share data, integrate, or replace an existing or proposed
system will be discussed, benefits the project will provide to GGFRT, requirements of the
project, anticipated cost/size of the project, performance measures of your project and the
system development life cycle steps of your project along with a few other tasks.

GGFRT is a fictitious company created for the IFSM 301 Case Study. 6/25/2019 for University of

Maryland Global Campus

GG Freightways (GGFRT) IT Strategic Plan, Part 2

Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the “GG Freightways Case Study” and the feedback you received on your IT Strategic Plan Part 1 assignment. Also, be sure you have read the course content materials that have been assigned to this point.

Purpose of this Assignment

This assignment gives you the opportunity to apply the course concepts to complete the development of an Information Technology Strategic Plan (ITSP) to support the strategic direction of GG Freightways (GGFRT). This assignment specifically addresses the following course outcomes to enable you to:

· identify, define, and explain the concepts of information technology governance and management

· apply best practices in information technology management and governance to make, defend, and justify an IT decision.

IT Strategic Plan for GG Freightways

For the previous assignment, you developed Part 1 of an IT Strategic Plan for GGFRT. For this assignment, you will incorporate any needed changes resulting from the feedback you received on your Part 1 assignment and you will add Part

Part 2 will include an IT project that you are proposing that GGFRT undertakes. This new project will be included in the IT Portfolio section of Part 2 and will be further described in a future assignment, the “IT Decision Paper.” The entire ITSP will be submitted as a single document for this assignment.

Assignment

First, you should make any changes to your Part 1 assignment, as indicated in the feedback you received. Then, you will develop Part 2 of the ITSP for GG Freightways (GGFRT), using the outline below, and add it to Part

A single, complete ITSP, with both Parts 1 and 2 will be submitted for this assignment. Note that Part 2 includes a project you are proposing that GGFRT undertakes. In addition to the course materials, at least one external resource (resource other than those provided in the class) must be used. Two or more cited references will earn top credit. Use a separate References page to list just the references you have cited. Remember to use the APA formatting rules and correctly cite and reference your sources with APA format. Use the Grading Rubric to be sure you have covered everything.

Please use this outline to build Part 2 of your IT Strategic Plan. Use the numbering and headings shown below.

Part Two

1. IT Strategies

– Write four (4) IT strategies and explain how they align to one or more of the business strategies from ITSP #1, Section 1, including the compliance requirements, articulated in the Case Study. If these business strategies were not included in your Part 1 paper, you should add these strategies into Part 1 prior to submitting this assignment. When the full ITSP is submitted for this assignment, there should be a clear link between the business strategies in Part 1 and the IT Strategies in Part 2. Provide at least one (1) internal IT strategy and two (2) business-enabling IT strategies and identify each as either and internal or business-enabling strategy. Refer to the reading on “Creating a Future Vision for the Chief Information Officer” for an explanation of internal and external (business-enabling) IT strategies.

Please complete the following table by copying/pasting it into your paper for this section:

· Business Strategic Objective:
· Explanation of Alignment of the IT Strategy to the Business Strategic Objective:

IT Strategy (state the IT Strategy)	State the Business Strategic Objective from the ITSP #1 assignment, then Explain the Alignment of the IT Strategy in the first column to the stated Business Strategic Objective	Internal/Business-Enabling (state the words “Internal” or “Business Enabling”)
Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section. Meet compliance requirements by updating current technology or developing/acquiring new technology to meet those mandates	· Business Strategic Objective: Meet FMSCA reporting requirements for driving hours by the company’s drivers · Explanation of the Alignment of the IT Strategy to the Business Strategic Objective: By acquiring or developing technology that will capture and store driver hours electronically, the company will be in compliance with FMSCA regulations and be able to provide this information upon request.	Internal
1.			· Business Strategic Objective: · Explanation of Alignment of the IT Strategy to the Business Strategic Objective:
2.
3.
4.

2. IT Portfolio Roadmap

– The overall IT Roadmap shows the systems that are currently in development or are planned to start within the time frame shown. It is a summary of projects to support your proposed strategy. You should review the case study and identify the new systems that the stakeholders are requesting or that GGFRT has decided to implement. Each of these systems should be entered into the table below under the appropriate functional area, such as marketing or finance. Then, the time frame for developing the system should be presented as a bar in the table. The table covers a six-quarter time frame shown, with each quarter having three months. Thus, the six-quarter time frame looks out a year and a half into the development and implementation of the strategy. Of course, the entire implementation may take longer, but six quarters allows both short term and long term to be viewed at a glance. For purposes of this assignment, only the projected timeframes to develop the projects are required. Assume that the beginning of Quarter 1 is today with the projects already in the development process.
The table below is a sample only and shows the five functional areas of an example company and two systems for each area.
To develop your roadmap, use a table like the one below to create a timeline; you can copy the table, insert the functional areas and systems that are discussed in the Case Study, and use ‘insert shape – rectangle’ to insert the bars showing the timeframes for development of each. The functional areas and projects in development, and their timeframes should be extracted from the Case Study.
Be sure to include an introductory paragraph to explain the table that will follow.

3. Proposed Project

: Next, (1) you will propose a new IT project to support at least one of the strategies in section 1 above and include it in the Table above. (2) Use a different color font to indicate this new project and insert it with the appropriate functional area in your table. In Section 3, (3) describe in a short paragraph how your proposed project will supplement the current IT development projects (systems in development) in supporting the business of GGFRT.
That should include the three projects in the roadmap in the prior section
. In a future assignment, you will use this project to develop an “IT Decision Paper”; therefore, you should look at that assignment to be sure the project you propose will be appropriate for that assignment as well. (You can propose a specific vendor package though it is not necessary. However, if you are incorporating an integrated solution, you should discuss the various features of the package that are appropriate for the study. Solutions such as backups, training of employees, utilizing social media, customizing packaging of products for storage and others involving Human Resources are not appropriate solutions for this assignment.)
Refer to Case Study for ideas for a new project. This is a major part of the next assignment. Give this some thought.

4. Risk Management

– (1)
List and explain
four (4) risks that Lance should be prepared to manage as he executes his plans. (2) What is the impact of the risk on GGFRT if not properly managed? (3) What risk management techniques can he use for each one to try to prevent and/or mitigate them (state: accept, reject, transfer or mitigate)? You must discuss specifics, related to the case study in your response.

This is a good area to do some external research – see what you can find on the web about IT project risks and risk management. (Review the document “IHS Guide to Risk Management” found under the Week 3 readings.) Complete (1), (2), (3) for each risk; list each risk separately in the format a. Risk 1, b. Risk 2, c. Risk 3, d. Risk 4, then the subsections (1), (2), (3). A source must be incorporated into this section for full credit.

5. Business Continuity Planning

–
(a) List and explain the
general
steps Lance should take to develop a Business Continuity Plan for GGFRT so he can be sure that the most important systems will remain operational in the event of a catastrophe.
(b) Include who should be involved in its development and their roles,
focusing on the BCP (not general company roles).

(c) In addition, from the Case Study, identify what you consider the three most important systems currently in use at GGFRT
along with justification of your choices
.
(d) Based on the three systems chosen in (c),
explain the specific steps
Lance can take to ensure those systems continue to be available for GGFRT in the event of a local catastrophe.
(Review course materials on the Business Continuity Plan.)

The “right” and “wrong” answers have to do with whether or not you correctly incorporated the course concepts from the course and addressed all parts of the assignment. The project you propose is not as important as that it makes sense considering the course content and the Case Study. Use the Rubric below to be sure you have covered all aspects of the assignment.

Formatting Your Assignment

· Avoid quotation where possible by paraphrasing ideas and findings from your sources into both your own words and writing style. Changing a few words but including most of the wording and structure from the original text of your sources is not acceptable. Verbatim text directly from sources is not acceptable, even if cited. The work of the ideas and the writing needs to be your own. If you do use verbatim text, you must use quotation marks even if you have cited the source.

· Formatting: 1” margins, 12-point Times New Roman font.

· In the ITSP #2 assignment, you are preparing the second assignment which also will include ITSP #1 and the feedback provided on the graded copy and scoring rubric. This should be added to the ITSP #2 requirements. Begin with the updated ITSP #1 document, then add it to the ITSP #2 paper.

· Continue to use a title page from the ITSP #1 assignment that includes: The company name, title of assignment, your name, Course and Section number and date. Use the numbering format in the assignment instructions above, for these sections:

1. IT Strategies
2. IT Portfolio Roadmap
3. Proposed Project
4. Risk Management

a. Risk 1: state the risk

(1): (explain the risk)

(2): (impact of the risk if not properly managed)

(3): (accept, reject, transfer, mitigate stated followed by the explanation on how management will be accomplished)

b. Risk 2: state the risk

(1): (explain the risk)
(2): (impact of the risk if not properly managed)
(3): (accept, reject, transfer, mitigate stated followed by the explanation on how management will be accomplished)

c. Risk 3: state the risk

(1): (explain the risk)
(2): (impact of the risk if not properly managed)
(3): (accept, reject, transfer, mitigate stated followed by the explanation on how management will be accomplished)

d. Risk 4: state the risk

(1): (explain the risk)
(2): (impact of the risk if not properly managed)
(3): (accept, reject, transfer, mitigate stated followed by the explanation on how management will be accomplished)
5. Business Continuity Planning

a. General steps of a BCP

b. Personnel involved with the BCP/roles related to the BCP

c. Three most important
technological
systems/justification for their continuity of operations

Specific steps to ensure these three
technological
systems remain operational

· Write a short concise paper: Use the recommendations provided in each area for length of response. It’s important to value quality over quantity.

· Content areas should be double spaced; table entries should be single spaced.

· To
copy a table
: Move your cursor to the table, then click on the small box that appears at the upper left corner of the table to highlight the table; right click and COPY the table; put the cursor in your paper where you want the table and right click and PASTE the table.

· Ensure that each of the tables is preceded by an introductory sentence that explains what is contained in the table, so the reader understands why the table has been included.

· Use at least two resources with APA formatted citation and reference. Any course content should be from the class reading content, not the assignment instructions or case study itself. For information on APA format, refer to Content>Course Resources>Writing Resources.

· Begin a Reference Page for resources required for this assignment. Use APA format for your reference page. Combine the references from Parts 1 and 2 into a single list at the end of the document.

· Running headers
are not
required for this report; however, please include page numbers.

· Writing should always be in third person.

· Compare your work to the Grading Rubric below to be sure you have met content and quality criteria.

· Submit your paper as a Word document, or a document that can be read in Word. Keep tables in Word format – do not paste in graphics. The paper should be uploaded to the ITSP #2 assignment folder.

· Your submission should include
your last name first in the filename: Lastname_Firstname_ITSP2

GRADING RUBRIC:

Criterion

90-100%

Far Above Standards

80-89%

Above Standards

70-79%

Meets Standards

60-69%

Below Standards

< 60% Well Below Standards Possible Points IT Strategies 18-20 Points Four (4) or more IT strategies (including at least two (2) business-enabling strategies and one (1) internal IT strategy) are presented and are clearly and appropriately stated and tied to the business strategies articulated in the Case Study and listed in Part 1; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 16-17 Points Three (3) IT strategies (including two (2) business-enabling strategies and one (1) internal IT strategy) are presented and are clearly stated and appropriately tied to the business strategies articulated in the Case Study and listed in Part 1; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 14-15 Points Three (3) IT strategies (two (2) business-enabling strategies and one (1) internal IT strategy) are listed, stated, and aligned to the business strategies articulated in the Case Study. All business strategies cited are now included in Part 1. There is a clear link between the business strategies in Part 1 and the IT Strategies in Part 2. 12-13 Points Fewer than three (3) IT strategies (two (2) business-enabling strategies and one (1) internal IT strategy) are presented; one or more are not appropriately stated and tied to business strategies articulated in the Case Study; and/or business strategies are not listed in Part 1. 0-11 Points Few or no IT Strategies are included, strategies do not relate to the Case Study, and/or are poorly written and do not convey the information. 20 IT Portfolio Roadmap 18-20 Points This section includes an effective and well-written introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and the table that follows. The IT Portfolio roadmap table of systems in development accurately reflects the information presented in the Case Study (functional areas, systems, and timelines) and demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. Table is very professionally presented, uses a logical and easily understandable structure, and spelling is correct. 16-17 Points This section includes an appropriate introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and the table that follows. The IT Portfolio roadmap table of systems in development accurately reflects the information presented in the Case Study (functional areas, systems, and timelines) and demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. Table is professionally presented, uses a logical structure, and spelling is correct. 14-15 Points This section includes an introductory paragraph that applies to the Case Study. The IT Portfolio roadmap table shows the functional areas and projects in development and their timeframes extracted from the Case Study. 12-13 Points This section is somewhat incomplete (lacking in introduction or required table, or table content is incomplete); and/or is not applicable to the Case Study. 0-11 Points Little or no information is provided on the IT Portfolio; table is missing; and/or information presented does not apply to the Case Study. 20 Proposed Project 9-10 Points The IT project proposed is appropriate to the Case Study, is aligned to a functional area, supports at least one (1) strategy in Section 1 above, and is included in the table. The explanation of how it supplements the current IT projects in development is clear and convincing and is clearly aligned to the business in the Case Study; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 8 Points The IT project proposed is appropriate to the Case Study, is aligned to a functional area, supports at least one (1) strategy in Section 1 above, and is included in the table. The explanation of how it supplements the current IT projects in development is clear and is aligned to the business in the Case Study; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 7 Points A new IT project that supports at least one of the strategies in section 1 has been included it in the appropriate functional area in the table above, using a different color font. The explanation includes how the proposed project supplements the current IT development projects in supporting the business in the Case Study. 6 Points The IT project proposed is not appropriate to the Case Study; is not correctly aligned to a functional area; and/or is not listed in the table and/or the explanation of how it supplements the current IT projects in development is not clear or is missing. 0-5 Points No Proposed Project is included, or proposed project is not appropriate to the Case Study and/or is not explained. 10 Risk Manage-ment 14-15 Points Four (4) or more risks and impact are listed and fully explained, along with techniques to prevent and/or mitigate them; risks and techniques identified are appropriate for the Case Study; section is well written with reference used to support explanation; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking. 12-13 Points At least three (3) risks and impact are listed and fully explained, along with techniques to prevent and/or mitigate them; risks and techniques identified are appropriate for the Case Study; demonstrates good understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking. 10-11 Points Three (3) risks and impact are listed and explained, along with techniques to prevent and/or mitigate them; risks and techniques are appropriate for the Case Study. 9 Points Fewer than three (3) risks and impact are listed and/or explained; lacking in some techniques to prevent and/or mitigate them and/or risks and techniques are not appropriate for the Case Study. 0-8 Points Risk Management section is not included; few risks and impact are listed or explained and/or risks/ techniques do not apply to the Case Study. 15 Business Continuity Planning 14-15 Points Business Continuity Planning (BCP) section thoroughly covers all four (4) requirements including the major steps needed to develop a BCP and correctly identifies the participants, their roles, and three (3) systems important to the Case Study are listed with complete steps to ensure their continued availability; responses are appropriate to the Case Study; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 12-13 Points Business Continuity Planning (BCP) section completely covers at least three (3) requirements including the major steps needed to develop a BCP and correctly identifies the participants, their roles, and three (3) systems important to the Case Study are listed with steps to ensure their continued availability; responses are appropriate to the Case Study; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 10-11 Points Business Continuity Planning (BCP) section covers at least two (2) requirements including the major steps needed to develop a BCP and identifies the participants; their roles, and three systems important to the Case Study are listed with steps to ensure their continued availability; responses are appropriate to the Case Study. 9 Points Business Continuity Planning section is incomplete (lacking in major steps, participants, roles, identification of three (3) important systems and/or steps to ensure their continued availability) and/or is not applicable to the Case Study. 0-8 Points Business Continuity Planning is not included or is severely lacking in completeness and/or applicability to the Case Study. 15 External Research 9-10 Points Two (2) or more sources other than the class materials are incorporated and are substantive and are used effectively. Sources used are relevant and timely and contribute to the analysis and support conclusions. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style. 8 Points At least one (1) source other than the class materials is incorporated and used effectively. Source(s) are relevant and contribute to the analysis. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style. 7 Points At least one (1) source other than the class materials is used and properly incorporated into the text. Reference is cited using APA style. 6 Points A source other than the class materials may be used, but is not properly incorporated, and/or is not relevant or timely and/or APA style for references and citations is not followed. 0-5 Points No external research is incorporated, or reference listed is not cited within text. 10 Report Format 9-10 Points ITSP includes Part 1 (updated/ corrected as needed) and Part 2, integrated into a cohesive document; ITSP is very well written and easy to read; uses correct sentence structure, grammar, and spelling; presented in a professional format. 8 Points ITSP includes Part 1 (updated/ corrected as needed) and Part 2. ITSP reflects effective organization. Few errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling; presented in a professional format. 7 Points ITSP includes Part 1 (updated/ corrected as needed) and Part 2. ITSP has some organization; may have some errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling. 6 Points ITSP does not include Part 1; Part 1 has not been updated or corrected; ITSP is not well organized; and/or contains several grammar and/or spelling errors. 0-5 Points ITSP is extremely poorly written has many grammar and/or spelling errors or does not convey the information. 10 TOTAL Possible Points 100

July 7, 2020 2

GGFreightways (GGFRT) IT Decision Paper Assignment

Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the “GG Freightways Case Study,” any feedback on your proposed IT project from your ITSP Part

assignment, and the previously assigned course materials.

Purpose of this Assignment

This assignment gives you the opportunity to apply the course concepts to develop an IT Decision Paper to explain and defend an IT project at GG Freightways (GGFRT). This assignment specifically addresses the following course outcomes to enable you to:

· Apply best practices in information technology management and governance to make, defend, and justify an IT decision.

IT Decision Paper for Your Proposed IT Project

For your ITSP, Part 2, you proposed an IT project for GGFRT. Lance, the CIO at GGFRT, has asked you to write an IT Decision Paper to explain your proposed project. He wants to use the Paper to gain approval from the Governance Board to move forward with the project. This assignment uses a format for a Decision Paper that has been tailored to the course material covered in this class. You may work for an organization that has a format for IT decision papers, and it would be a good idea for you to look at it, but it will likely be structured a little differently from this one. Each organization develops tools and techniques that will work for them.

Assignment

You will develop an IT Decision Paper, using the outline below. Each of the topics to be included in your outline is covered in the course content readings assigned thus far. In addition to the course materials, at least one external resource (resource other than those provided in the class) must be used. Two or more cited references will earn top credit. Use a separate References page to list just the references you have cited. Remember to use the APA formatting rules and correctly cite and reference your sources with APA format. Use the Grading Rubric to be sure you have covered everything.

Please use this outline to build your IT Decision Paper. Use the numbering and headings shown below.

1. Project Description

– In two or three sentences:
(1) describe the IT project you proposed for GGFRT in Part 2 of your ITSP.
(2) Describe what major function(s) the system would perform and who would use it. (Do not provide a technical description with hardware, software, etc.)

2. Strategic Alignment

– In a short paragraph:
(1) explain how the proposed project aligns to the business strategic objectives in Part 1 of your ITSP, and,
(2) explain how the proposed project aligns to the IT strategies in Part 2 of your ITSP.

Your proposed project must be aligned directly with at least one business strategic objective and one IT strategy shown in your ITSP.

3. IT Portfolio Roadmap Alignment

– In a short paragraph:
(1) Briefly explain where this project fits into the IT Portfolio Roadmap you included in Part 2 of your ITSP.
(2) What functional area does it support?
(3) Where should it be included in the timeline – i.e., should it take priority or be done before another project in the IT Portfolio (with justification)

4. IT Architecture

– In a short paragraph:
(1) Briefly explain how this project fits in with other systems in place or in development at GGFRT.
(2) Explain whether it should interface with (share data of any kind with) other systems either in place or in development, what information is being shared, and its purpose.
(3) Explain whether it replaces another system or multiple systems in use at GGFRT.

Refer to the Inventory of Current IT Projects in Part 1 of your ITSP and the IT Portfolio in Part 2 of your ITSP.

5. Benefits

: Describe at a high level three (3) benefits the project provides to GGFRT. The benefits should correspond to the business strategies and the strategic alignment discussed in section 2 above. State the Business Strategic Objective. Then, discuss this relationship/alignment for each benefit to the Business Strategic Objective. Refer to course content readings from Week 4 on Value Attainment. External research may also be beneficial.

Please copy/paste the following table into your paper and complete it:

Benefit

State Business Strategic Objective/Provide Explanation of Alignment of Benefit to Business Strategic Objective

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.

If the project is updating the Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System to include a package tracking feature: Better visibility for GGFRT and its customers into the delivery status of packages.

Tracking freight to provide customers with better delivery dates & times

This real-time feature of package status will allow both customers and GGFRT employees to see where the package is while in transit. This will allow the customer to know where/when the package will be delivered.

6. Requirements

– List and briefly explain the high-level requirements for the project. First, explain the primary driver of the project (major need of the business area related to the project you have chosen) in a well-written introductory paragraph. Refer to course content readings regarding requirements (Week 7). External research may also be beneficial. Requirements were also covered in IFSM 300 (the prerequisite to be taken prior to this course; in Stage 3 requirements you noted requirements; refer to this assignment for examples). Develop ten (10) requirements for the project and include what category of the requirements below your presented requirements fit into:

a. Business/user requirements

b. IT/system requirements

c. At least one system performance requirement

Defining Requirements – The next step is to identify the essential requirements for your chosen project. User requirements express specifically what the user needs the system to do. This can be in terms of tasks/processes the users need to perform, data they need to input, what the system might do with that data input, and output required. System performance requirements express how the system will perform in several performance areas and security. IT/System requirements present what the system will do, i.e., the functions it must perform. They include characteristics that a product must have to meet the needs of the stakeholders and can include function or nonfunction requirements. As a member of the CIO’s organization, you will use your professional knowledge to ensure all 3 types of requirements are covered (User/Business, IT/System, and System Performance). Refer to Week 7 content on requirements. Additional research can expand your knowledge of these areas.

Once you have identified the 10 requirements, evaluate each one using the criteria below and create 10 well-written requirements statements for your chosen project.

The requirement statement:

· Is a complete sentence, with a subject (system) and predicate (intended result or action)

· Identifies only one requirement; does not include the words “and,” “also,” “with,” and “or.”

· For User Requirements, states what tasks/processes the system will support or perform.

· For System Performance Requirements, states how the system will perform.

· For IT/System Requirements, states what the system will do and the functions it must perform.

· Includes a measure or metric that can be used to determine whether the requirement is met (time or quantity), where appropriate.

· Is stated in positive terms and uses “must” (not “shall,” “may” or “should”); “the system must xxxx” not “the system must not xxx”.

· Avoids the use of terms that cannot be defined and measured, such as “approximately,” “robust,” “user friendly,” etc.

· Is achievable and realistic; avoids terms such as “100% uptime,” or “no failures”.

Do not provide generic statements but relate to the needs of GGFRT and your project.

Please copy/paste the following table into your paper and complete it:

Requirement/Explanation of the Requirement (explanation should refer to the case study) (Spring 2019)

Business/User; IT/System or System Performance (state one or more of these categories)

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.
The Route Optimization/Freight Tracking System package status must be available to users 95% of the time

System Performance

10.

7. Cost Estimation

– During the Assessment Phase, Cost Estimation consists of estimating the size and complexity of the project, not the effort required or the actual projected dollar costs. Copy the table below and place an X (or other indication) in the box that most closely describes the size and complexity of your proposed solution. Use your judgment and then write a short paragraph to introduce and explain the assessments in your table. Refer to course content readings from Week 4 on Cost Estimation, especially the Assessment Phase. Note that your project cannot have multiple sizes and complexities; the table should only contain one X.

Assessment of Project Size and Complexity (Spring 2019)

Size/Complexity

Small

Medium

Large

Very Complex

Moderately Complex

Straightforward

8. Performance Measures

– This section explains how GGFRT will know whether the project is achieving the benefits identified above in section 5. First, present the table with a brief paragraph discussing the solution, table that follows, and to properly evaluate benefits, they should be measurable/quantifiable. Review the benefits, and look at the requirements you identified, and come up with three (3) performance measures that will indicate the extent to which the projected benefits have been achieved. (For example, if you had identified a benefit that the project would result in more repeat customers, then a measurement for that would be the number of repeat customers with the goal that the number would increase.) Refer to course content readings on Performance Measurement. This may be a good area to do some web research. The measures should be presented in a table with an introductory sentence or two:

Benefit to Business (stated from section #5)

Measure (quantifiable)

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.

Better visibility for GGFRT and its customers into the delivery status of packages.

50% reduction in the number of packages returned for next-day delivery because of more efficient scheduling as customers can also reschedule packages when they see delivery status; or,

Increase in the number on same-day deliveries due to better communication between GGFRT dispatchers, drivers, and customers.

9. System Development

– Describe how you will use the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process to approach this project (the project you presented in the ITSP2). Include only the following 5 stages: Plan, Design, Build, Test, Launch. The activities in each stage may differ depending if you are building your solution or using a cloud-based solution. List the stage followed by a colon, then in two to three sentences each, explain how each stage would be handled by Lance’s IT team and who else in GGFRT should be involved in each stage. Refer to course content materials on SDLC in Week 8.

Formatting Your Assignment

· Formatting: 1” margins, 12-point Times New Roman font.

· In the IT Decision Paper assignment, you are preparing the document based on the feedback from all previous assignments and scoring rubrics.

· Continue to use a title page from the ITSP #1 assignment that includes: The company name, title of assignment, your name, Course and Section number and date.

· Use the outline format in the assignment instructions above, for these sections:

1. Project Description
2. Strategic Alignment
3. IT Portfolio Roadmap Alignment
4. IT Architecture
5. Benefits
6. Requirements
7. Cost Estimation
8. Performance Measures
9. System Development

· Write a short, concise paper: Use the recommendations provided in each area for length of response. It’s important to value quality over quantity.

· Content areas should be double spaced; table entries should be single spaced.

· To copy a table: Move your cursor to the table, then click on the small box that appears at the upper left corner of the table to highlight the table; right click and COPY the table; put the cursor in your paper where you want the table and right click and PASTE the table.

· Ensure that each of the tables is preceded by an introductory sentence that explains what is contained in the table, so the reader understands why the table has been included.

1. Use at least two resources that are APA formatted (both in in-text citations and references). Any course content should be from the class reading content, not the assignment instructions or case study itself. For information on APA format, refer to Content>Course Resources>Writing Resources.

· Begin a Reference Page for resources required for this assignment. Use APA format for your reference page.

· Running headers are not required for this report; however, please include page numbers.

· Writing should always be in third person.

· Compare your work to the Grading Rubric below to be sure you have met content and quality criteria.

· Submit your paper as a Word document, or a document that can be read in Word. Keep tables in Word format – do not paste in graphics.

· Your submission should include your last name first in the filename: Lastname_Firstname_IT Decision

The “right” and “wrong” answers have to do with if you correctly incorporated the course concepts from the course content and addressed all parts of the assignment. You need to do some external research on at least one aspect of the assignment – your choice – and incorporate it and cite/reference it in APA format in your response. The project you proposed in the ITSP#2 is not as important as that it makes sense considering the course content and the Case Study. Use the Rubric below to be sure you have covered all aspects of the assignment.

GRADING RUBRIC:

Criterion

90-100%

Far Above Standards

80-89%

Above Standards

70-79%

Meets Standards

60-69%

Below Standards

< 60% Well Below Standards Possible Points Project Description 5 Points Description of the project is clear and concise, covers functions and users, and sets the stage for the remainder of the paper; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 4 Points Description of the project is clear and concise, covers functions and users, and sets the stage for the remainder of the paper. 3.5 Points Description of the IT Project includes what it does (functions it performs) and who uses it. 3 Points Description of the project is unclear, not concise, and/or does not set the stage for the remainder of the paper. 0-2 Points Little or no description of the proposed IT project is included. 5 Strategic Alignment 9-10 Points Explanation of proposed project includes clear and well-supported alignment to at least one (1) business objective in Part 1 of the ITSP; explanation is very appropriate to the Case Study and clearly tied to the proposed IT project.

8 Points

Explanation of proposed project includes clear alignment to at least one (1) business objective in Part 1 of the ITSP; explanation is appropriate to the Case Study and tied to the proposed IT project.

7 Points

Explanation of proposed project includes direct alignment to at least one (1) business strategic objective in Part 1 of the ITSP.

6 Points

Explanation of business objectives and/or IT strategies are incomplete and/or are only partially appropriate to the Case Study or the proposed IT project.

0-5 Points

Explanation of Strategic Alignment is minimal or not included.

IT Portfolio Roadmap Alignment

9-10 Points

This section thoroughly explains the relationship of the proposed IT project to the IT Portfolio Roadmap in Part 2 of the ITSP, including a full explanation of the functional area supported, and where this project fits in the timeline.

8 Points

This section clearly explains the relationship of the proposed IT project to the IT Portfolio Roadmap in Part 2 of the ITSP, including a good explanation of the functional area supported, and where this project fits in the timeline.

7 Points

This section has an explanation of the relationship of the proposed IT project to the IT Portfolio Roadmap in Part 2 of the ITSP, including:
where the proposed project fits into the IT Portfolio roadmap; identification of the functional area it supports; and where it should be included in the timeline in the ITSP.

6 Points

This section includes only part of the required information on the relationship of the proposed IT project to the IT Portfolio Roadmap in Part 2 of the ITSP (where it fits, the functional area supported, and the timeline); and/or is not relevant to Case Study.

0-5 Points

This section minimally covers the relationship of the proposed IT project to the IT Portfolio Roadmap in Part 2 of the ITSP or does not cover it at all.

IT Architecture

9-10 Points

A correct and convincing explanation of the IT Architecture includes how the project fits with, interfaces with and/or replaces other systems; explanation is clearly relevant to the Case Study and the proposed project; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking.

8 Points

An accurate explanation of the IT Architecture includes how the project fits with, interfaces with and/or replaces other systems; explanation is relevant to the Case Study and the proposed project; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking.

7 Points

Explanation of the IT Architecture includes: how the proposed IT project fits in with other systems in place or in development at the business in the Case Study; whether it should interface with other systems either in place or in development; and whether it replaces another system or multiple systems in use at the business in the Case Study.

6 Points

IT Architecture explanation partially covers how the project fits with, interfaces with, and/or replaces other systems; is not relevant to the Case Study or the proposed project.

0-5 Points

IT Architecture explanation is minimal or not included.

Benefits

9-10 Points
Three (3) or more business benefits are thoroughly and convincingly explained and are clearly stated and aligned to the business objectives and IT strategies noted above in section 2; benefits are highly applicable to and appropriate for the proposed solution and the Case Study.

8 Points
Three (3) or more business benefits are fully explained and are stated and aligned to the business objectives and IT strategies noted above in section 2; benefits are clearly applicable to and appropriate for the proposed solution and the Case Study.

7 Points

At least two (2) business benefits that the proposed IT project provides to the organization in the Case Study are stated and described at a high level. The benefits correspond to the business objectives and the IT strategies discussed in section 2 above.

6 Points

Fewer than two (2) business benefits are shown; benefits are not aligned to business objectives and IT strategies above and are not applicable to or appropriate for the proposed solution and/or the Case Study.

0-5 Points

Business benefits are minimally addressed or not included.

Requirements

9-10 Points
This section includes an effective and well-written introduction that is applicable to the Case Study and thoroughly and convincingly explains the primary business driver for the proposed IT project. At least ten (10) unique requirements are identified and discussed, clearly applicable to the Case Study; requirements cover items a-c in the assignment; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking.

8 Points

This section includes a well-written introduction that is applicable to the Case Study and fully explains the primary business driver for the proposed IT project. At least nine (9) unique requirements are identified and discussed, clearly applicable to the Case Study; requirements cover items a-c in the assignment; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking.

7 Points

This section includes an introduction that explains the primary driver behind the system (major business need). Then, at least eight (8) requirements are listed and briefly explained, applicable to the Case Study and include: (a) business/user requirements, (b) IT/system requirements; and (c) at least one system performance requirement.

6 Points

This section does not include an introduction identifying the primary driver for the system; eight (8) or fewer requirements are identified, requirements are not applicable to the Case Study, and/or items a-c in the assignment are not covered.

0-5 Points

This section minimally addresses requirements, or requirements are not included.

Cost Estimation

9-10 Points
This section includes an effective and well-written introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and thoroughly and convincingly justifies the assessments in the table that follows. Cost estimation table is included, with appropriate selection for size and complexity.

8 Points

This section includes an appropriate introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and provides a good explanation of the assessments in the table that follows. Cost estimation table is included, with appropriate selection for size and complexity.

7 Points

This section includes an introductory paragraph that explains the assessments and applies to the Case Study. Cost estimation table is included; selections are made for size and complexity.

6 Points

This section does not include an introductory paragraph and/or cost estimation table is included, but selection for size and complexity are not appropriate or adequately justified.

0-5 Points

This section provides little or no information on the cost estimation, cost estimation table is missing, and/or information presented does not apply to the Case Study.

Performance Measures

9-10 Points
This section includes an effective and well-written introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study, the proposed solution, and the table that follows. The completed table contains all required information, accurately reflecting the Case Study and the proposed solution; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking.

8 Points

This section includes an appropriate introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study, the proposed solution, and the table that follows. The completed table contains all required information, accurately reflecting the Case Study and the proposed solution; demonstrates understanding of course concepts, analysis, and critical thinking.

7 Points

This section includes at least one or two sentences that introduce the table. Performance Measures Table is included showing three (3) benefits and three (3) measures that are appropriate to the proposed solution and the Case Study.

6 Points

This section includes fewer than three (3) benefits and associated performance measures, measures do not align to benefits, benefits and measures are not appropriate to the Case Study and the proposed solution, and/or introduction is missing.

0-5 Points

This section provides little or no information on Performance Measures; table is missing; and/or information presented does not apply to the Case Study.

System Development

9-10 Points
The five (5) stages of the SDLC are thoroughly covered; explanation is tied directly to the project and to the case study; includes IT team responsibilities and appropriate involvement of others at the business in the Case Study; demonstrates thorough understanding of course concepts and vocabulary.

8 Points

The five (5) stages of the SDLC are fully covered; explanation includes discussion of the project and the case study; includes IT team responsibilities and appropriate involvement of others at the business in the Case Study; demonstrates understanding of course concepts and vocabulary.

7 Points

The five (5) stages of the SDLC are covered:
Plan, Design, Build, Test, Launch. Two to three sentences are used to explain how each stage would be handled by the team and identify others who need to be involved at the business in the Case Study.

6 Points

The five (5) stages of the SDLC are not all covered; explanations are not appropriate to the project and the Case Study; and/or do not include IT team responsibilities and/or appropriate involvement of others at the business in the Case Study.

0-5 Points

The stages of the SDLC are minimally addressed or are not included.

External Research

5 Points

Two (2) or more sources other than the course materials are incorporated in two or more sections of the paper and are used effectively. Sources used are relevant and timely and contribute to the analysis. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style.

4 Points

At least one (1) source other than the course materials is incorporated and used effectively. Source(s) are relevant and contribute to the analysis. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style.

3.5 Points

At least one (1) source other than the course materials is used and properly incorporated into the text. Reference is cited using APA style.

3 points

A source other than the course materials may be used but is not properly incorporated or used and/or is not effective or appropriate and/or is not relevant or timely and/or does not follow APA style for references and citations.

0-2 Points

No external research is incorporated, or reference listed is not cited within text.

Report Format

9-10 Points

Report is very well organized and is easy to read. Very few or no errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling; presented in a professional format.

8 Points

Report reflects effective organization; has few errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling; presented in a professional format.

7 Points

Report has some organization; may have some errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling.

6 Points

Report is not well organized, and/or contains several grammar and/or spelling errors.

0-5 Points

Report is extremely poorly written, has many grammar and/or spelling errors, or does not convey the information.

TOTAL

Possible Points

100

July 8, 2020

GGFreightways (GGFRT) CIO Organizational Structure Memo Paper

Before you begin this assignment, be sure you have read the “GG Freightways Case Study,” as well as all materials in the course to date. You will also need to review any feedback you received on your IT Strategic Plan #2 assignment.

Purpose of this Assignment

This assignment gives you the opportunity to demonstrate your ability to apply the course concepts to address the organizational changes needed to evolve the information technology (IT) department into a true CIO organization to support the GG Freightways (GGFRT). This assignment specifically addresses the following course outcome to enable you to:

· explain the roles and responsibilities of an information technology department to support an organization’s IT strategy

CIO Organizational Structure Memo

For this assignment, you will assume the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) at GGFRT (i.e., you are Lance). Since you are GGFRT’s first CIO, the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has asked you for a plan for the organizational changes you need to make. One of the first things you realize is that the organization that exists is just an ‘IT Department’ and you know that what GGFRT needs and has hired you to create an organization that fulfills the broad responsibilities of a Chief Information Officer. You know that your proposal needs to be convincing to the CFO in order for you to get the resources you need.

Assignment

You will develop a memorandum addressed to the CFO that explains how you want to change your IT Department into a CIO organization and why. Your memo will address each of the topics listed below, and should be written so that it flows well from one section to the next. In addition to the course materials, at least one external resource (resource other than those provided in the class) must be used. Two or more cited references will earn top credit. Use a separate References page to list just the references you have cited. Remember to use the APA formatting rules and correctly cite and reference your sources with APA format. Use the Grading Rubric to be sure you have covered everything.

Please include the following in your memorandum, ensuring that each section flows well to the next, and that the overall memo creates a compelling justification for your new organizational structure.

1. Introduction and Purpose

– Open your memo with a brief (2 or 3 sentences) explanation of why you are writing it. Provide some background on the current inefficiencies in the IT Department; thus, the need for reorganization.

2. Leadership Philosophy

& Management Style – Since you are the CIO and a member of the senior leadership team of GGFRT, it is important for the other members of the team to understand your (1) leadership philosophy and (2) the management style (e.g., Participative, Autocratic, Laissez Faire, etc.) you will use to meet the company’s needs. This should be a short paragraph for each section that ties to the priorities and/or issues outlined in the Case Study and lays the foundation for the organizational structure you will propose below. Refer to course readings and presentations on leadership. This is also a good area in which to do some external research for specific leadership qualities and a management style you will utilize.

3. Internal IT Strategies

– To show how your CIO organization will support GGFRT, you will present and explain three (3) internal IT strategies. For Part 2 of your IT Strategic Plan, you provided at least one (1) example of an internal IT strategy. Identify your internal IT strategy from the ITSP #2 assignment, then add two (2) more internal IT strategies, so that you have a total of three (3). The strategies you develop must address people, process and technology – one strategy for each. Describe each of the three strategies, identify if they address people, process or technology and explain how they will help improve the organization’s effectiveness. Refer to the “Creating a Future Vision for the Chief Information Officer” from Week 2 for an explanation of internal and external (business-enabling) IT strategies. A short introductory paragraph should be included before the table’s content.

Please use the following table, copying/pasting it into your assignment (add lines if needed):

Internal IT Strategy/Description

(Spring 2019)

People, Process, or Technology (state which one or more is applicable)

Explanation of how this IT Strategy will Help Improve the Organization’s Effectiveness

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.

Meet compliance requirements by updating current technology or developing/acquiring new technology to meet these various mandates (only one would be chosen from the business strategic objective from ITSP #1).

Technology

By updating the Finance/Accounting System to Precise Financials (to meet SOX requirements), updating current or developing a new Fleet Maintenance System, notification on 10K mandated vehicle safety checks will be timelier, developing technology to capture driver hours, the company will be more proactive in their scheduling of vehicles and drivers in their operations which results in a more efficient day-to-day operations.

4. Current IT Department Structure

– Use the information provided in the Case Study to draw an organization chart depicting the current roles and responsibilities of only the 25 IT Department personnel. You may take some liberties in how you align the staff that is described in the Case Study, but all IT staff positions or groups must be included in the structure. Be sure to introduce or explain your organizational chart in the section’s introduction. Refer to course materials for an example of an IT organization chart. You may use the Shapes tool or the SmartArt tool to develop your organizational hierarchy chart, or you may paste in your chart from another drawing tool. Be sure that everyone listed on the chart is placed correctly in relation to whom they report and the people who report to them.

5. New CIO Organization

– Explain in a paragraph or two how a CIO Organization is different from an IT Department. Included should be the (1) goals/responsibilities of an IT Department, (2) goals/responsibilities of a CIO Organization, and then (3) the differences between them. Integrate examples from the case study in your response. Be sure to create a transition from the previous section. This may be an area for you to do some external research (a reference should be provided for more credit).

6. Key Services

– List and explain three (3) key services (personnel, sub-departments of the CIO Organization) that need to be included in your new CIO organizational structure. You may eliminate functions or positions from your current organizational structure if you believe it will improve your effectiveness and/or efficiency; these should be explained. You should also add (and explain) any functions that you will need in your new CIO organization. Be sure these services are appropriate to your IT strategies (section #3) and note how each relates in your discussion.

Please use the following table, copying/pasting it into your assignment (add lines if needed):

Key Service

State IT Strategy (section #3) /Key Service’s Relationship to IT Strategy

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.

Addition to the IT staff of a Compliance Officer

Meet compliance requirements by updating current technology or developing/acquiring new technology to meet those mandates. By adding this position, it will oversee any projects/personnel that would be involved on any projects where compliance mandates are being implemented to ensure that all mandate requirements are covered in the software.

7. New CIO Organization Structure

– Briefly explain what changes you will make and why. Draw an organization chart depicting your new CIO organizational structure. Be sure that the key services you listed are covered by the new organizational structure. Be sure that everyone listed on the chart is placed correctly in relation to whom they report and the people who report to them. (Follow the guidelines for drawing the organization chart given above for the current organization.)

8. Key Milestones

– Your memo should include three (3) key milestones (tasks or events) associated with accomplishing the changes that you see are needed to change the IT Department into a CIO organization. Each milestone should be briefly described (in a sentence or two) and a target completion date should be shown. In addition, for each milestone you should identify at least one issue or concern you have with accomplishing it. One example using a milestone not related to the organization might be: The milestone is to consolidate all servers into a new data center by Oct 2020. Some issues might be: (1) a secure data center must be located, (2) it will require significant downtime for the corporate servers, and (3) the initial cost will be high. An example related to the case study is presented below. Consider that the changes begin today; your milestones should be dated in the future. Please ensure you list the key milestones in chronological order (excluding the example).

Please use the following table, copying/pasting it into your assignment (add lines if needed):

Key Milestone

Target Completion Date (list in chronologic order)

Issue(s)/Concerns Accomplishing the Milestone

Example: do not use but leave it in the table when completing this section.

Hiring of the Compliance Officer

October 31, 2020

Finding a person with the correct skill set with a thorough understanding of both IT and the various agencies’ compliance requirements may be difficult

9. Conclusion

– Provide an appropriate closing to your memo. It should summarize some of the key points in the various sections as well as include a statement or two of follow-up with the CFO.

Formatting Your Assignment

· Formatting: 1” margins, 12-point Times New Roman font. Use memo format for this assignment; you can find memo templates in Word.

· In the CIO Memo assignment, you are preparing the document based on the feedback from the second assignment and scoring rubric. However, you don’t need to include Parts 1 and 2 in this submission.

· Continue to use a title page from the ITSP #1 assignment that includes: The company name, title of assignment, your name, Course and Section number and date.

· Use outline format in the assignment instructions above, for these sections:

1. Introduction and Purpose
2. Leadership Philosophy

a. Leadership Philosophy:

b. Management Style:

3. Internal IT Strategies
4. Current IT Department Structure
5. New CIO Organization
6. Key Services
7. New CIO Organization Structure
8. Key Milestones
9. Conclusion

· Write a short, concise paper: Use the recommendations provided in each area for length of response. It’s important to value quality over quantity.

· Content areas should be double spaced; table entries should be single spaced.

· To copy a table: Move your cursor to the table, then click on the small box that appears at the upper left corner of the table to highlight the table; right click and COPY the table; put the cursor in your paper where you want the table and right click and PASTE the table.

· Ensure that each of the tables is preceded by an introductory sentence that explains what is contained in the table (if required in that specific section), so the reader understands why the table has been included.

1. Use at least two resources with APA formatted citation and reference. Any course content should be from the class reading content, not the assignment instructions or case study itself. For information on APA format, refer to Content>Course Resources>Writing Resources.

· Use a Reference Page for resources required for this assignment. Use APA format for your reference page.

· Running headers are not required for this report; however, please use page numbers.

· Compare your work to the Grading Rubric below to be sure you have met content and quality criteria.

· Submit your paper as a Word document, or a document that can be read in Word. Keep tables in Word format – do not paste in graphics.

· The format of the assignment must be completed in MS Office Memo format. Use a template from Word to start this assignment.

· Your submission should include your last name first in the filename: Lastname_Firstname_CIO Memo

The “right” and “wrong” answers have to do with whether or not you correctly incorporated the course concepts and vocabulary from the course materials and addressed all parts of the assignment. The organizational structure you propose is not as important as that it makes sense in light of the course content and the Case Study. Use the Rubric below to be sure you have covered all aspects of the assignment.

GRADING RUBRIC:

Criterion

90-100%

Far Above Standards

80-89%

Above Standards

70-79%

Meets Standards

60-69%

Below Standards

< 60% Well Below Standards Total Possible Points Introduction and Purpose 5 Points Introduction and purpose of the memo are clear and concise and set the stage for the remainder of the memo; are clearly tied to the Case Study; and demonstrate understanding of course concepts, analysis and critical thinking. 4 Points Introduction and purpose of the memo are clear and concise, set the stage for the remainder of the memo, and are tied to the Case Study. 3.5 Points Introduction and purpose provide explanation of why the memo is being written. 3 Points Introduction and purpose may not be as clear, concise, or set the stage for the remainder of the memo. 0-2 Points Introduction and purpose are not provided, and/or are not appropriate to the Case Study or provide too little information. 5 Leadership Philosophy 9-10 Points CIO leadership philosophy and management style are well defined with reference used to support explanation, explicitly tied to the priorities and/or issues in the Case Study and lay the foundation for the organizational structure proposed in the memo. 8 Points CIO leadership philosophy and management style are well defined, are tied to the priorities and/or issues in the Case Study and lay the foundation for the organizational structure proposed in the memo. 7 Points CIO leadership philosophy and management style are discussed and are tied to the Case Study. 6 Points CIO leadership philosophy and management style may be partially defined and/or partially tied to the priorities and/or issues in the Case Study. 0-5 Points Leadership philosophy and management style are not included, are clearly not tied to the Case Study, and/or provide too little information. 10 Internal IT Strategies 9-10 Points This section includes an effective and well-written introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and the table that follows. Three (3) internal IT strategies are presented, fully described, and a full and convincing explanation given as to how each will improve the organization’s effectiveness; IT strategies are very appropriate for the Case Study. There is one (1) identified strategy for each of: people, process, and technology; demonstrates strong understanding of course vocabulary and concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 8 Points This section includes an appropriate introductory paragraph that is applicable to the Case Study and the table that follows. Three (3) internal IT strategies are presented, fully described, and a full and a good explanation given as to how each will improve the organization’s effectiveness; IT strategies are appropriate for the Case Study. There is one (1) identified strategy for each of: people, process, and technology; demonstrates understanding of course vocabulary and concepts. 7 Points This section includes an introductory paragraph that applies to the Case Study. Three (3) internal IT strategies are presented, described and an explanation given as to how each will improve the organization’s effectiveness; IT strategies are appropriate for the Case Study. There is one (1) identified strategy for each of: people, process, and technology. 6 Points Fewer than three (3) internal IT strategies are presented; descriptions and explanations are partially complete or accurate; the table lacks an introduction; strategies are not appropriate for the Case Study; and/or do not cover people, process, and technology. 0-5 Points Internal IT Strategies are not included and/or are not tied to the Case Study; the table lacks an introduction and/or provides too little information. 10 Current IT Department Structure 9-10 Points A well-written introduction to this section is followed by an organizational chart that includes all of the current positions and groups of the IT staff and is highly relevant to the Case Study. Organizational chart is very professionally presented, uses a logical and easily understandable structure, and spelling is correct. 8 Points An appropriate introduction to this section is followed by an organizational chart that includes all of the current positions and groups of the IT staff and is relevant to the Case Study; organizational chart is professionally presented, uses a logical structure, and spelling is correct. 7 Points An introduction to this section is followed by an organizational chart that includes all of the current positions and groups of the IT staff and is relevant to the Case Study; organizational chart uses a logical structure, with very few spelling errors. 6 Points The introduction is somewhat applicable or missing; the organizational chart does not include all current positions and groups of the IT staff; chart is not relevant to the Case Study; chart does not use a logical structure and/or contains several spelling errors. 0-5 Points Current IT Department organization chart is not included or is extremely poorly presented, contains many spelling errors, and/or does not convey the information. 10 New CIO Organization 9-10 Points Detailed explanation of the goals & responsibilities of an IT Department and CIO Organization are clearly noted as well as the differences them are well written and complete with reference used to support explanation; discussion is tied to previous sections and case study information with good transition; demonstrates thorough understanding of course vocabulary and concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 8 Points Explanation of the goals & responsibilities of an IT Department and CIO Organization as well as the differences between them are complete, well written and complete, and demonstrate a good understanding of course vocabulary and concepts, analysis and critical thinking. A smooth transition ties this section to previous sections including integration of case study information. 7 Points An explanation of the goals & responsibilities of an IT Department and CIO Organization as well as the differences between them are provided. Transition from previous sections is provided. Some discussion of case study information was provided. 6 Points Explanation of the goals & responsibilities of an IT Department and CIO Organization as well as the differences between them may not be accurate or complete; transition may be missing or ineffective. Minimal to no discussion of case study information was provided. 0-5 Points Explanation of the goals and responsibilities of an IT Department and CIO Organization as well as the differences between an IT them are not included or extremely minimal in content or accuracy; little effort shown. 10 Key Services 14-15 Points Three (3) key services are listed and fully explained in detail, including new services; elimination of functions or positions no longer needed are convincingly explained; services are highly appropriate to the IT Strategies provided above and are applicable to the Case Study; relationship to the IT strategy is thoroughly discussed; demonstrates strong understanding of course vocabulary and concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 12-13 Points Three (3) key services are listed and fully explained, including new services; elimination of functions or positions no longer needed are explained well; services are appropriate to the IT Strategies provided above and are applicable to the Case Study; relationship to the IT strategy is clearly discussed; demonstrates understanding of course vocabulary and concepts, analysis, and critical thinking. 10-11 Points Three (3) key services are listed and explained, including new services; eliminated services are explained. All services are appropriate to IT Strategies above; relationship to the IT strategy is discussed. 9 Points Fewer than three (3) key services are listed or explained and/or explanations are incomplete and/or eliminated functions are not explained and/or services are not appropriate to IT Strategies above and/or may not be applicable to the Case Study. 0-8 Points Key Services are not included, or are too few and incompletely explained, and/or are not at all appropriate to the IT Strategies above and/or the Case Study. 15 New CIO Organization Structure 9-10 Points Explanation of organizational changes is complete, well justified and explicitly tied to the Case Study. The chart of the new organization clearly includes the key services listed above and is professionally presented using a logical and easily understandable structure, with correct spelling. 8 Points Explanation of organizational changes is complete and tied to the Case Study. The chart of the new organization clearly includes the key services listed above and is professionally presented using a logical structure, with correct spelling. 7 Points Explanation of organizational changes is provided with rationale for each. Chart of new organization includes all key services listed above and uses a logical structure, with very few spelling errors. 6 Points Explanation of organizational changes is inadequate or incomplete and/or partially justified; chart of new organization chart does not include all key services listed above and/or chart does not use a logical structure and/or contains several spelling errors. 0-5 Points Explanation of organizational changes is missing or incomplete; chart of new organization is not included or is extremely poorly presented, contains many spelling errors, and/or does not convey the information. 10 Key Milestones 9-10 Points Three (3) key milestones (tasks or events) are listed, fully described, and have reasonable target dates; more than one issue or concern is provided for each. Milestones are relevant to the changes that need to be made, as discussed in the memo, are clearly tied to the Case Study, and demonstrate understanding of course vocabulary and concepts and critical thinking. 8 Points Three (3) key milestones (tasks or events) are listed, fully described, and have reasonable target dates; more than one issue or concern is provided for some milestones. Milestones are relevant to the changes that need to be made, as discussed in the memo, and are relevant to the Case Study. 7 Points Three (3) key milestones (tasks or events) associated with accomplishing the organizational changes are listed, briefly described, and show a target completion date. For each milestone, at least one issue or concern is presented. 6 Points Fewer than three (3) key milestones (tasks or events) are listed and described; target dates are missing or are not reasonable; at least one issue or concern is not provided for each and/or milestones are not relevant to the changes that need to be made or to the Case Study. 0-5 Points Key Milestones, descriptions, target dates, and/or issues and concerns are missing or incomplete. 10 Conclusion 5 Points The closing section of the memo is appropriate, relevant, effective, and meaningful. 4 Points The closing section of the memo is appropriate and relevant. 3.5 Points The closing section of the memo is relevant. 3 Points The closing section of the memo is somewhat effective and/or relevant. 0-2 Points The closing section is extremely incomplete or not included. 5 External Research 5 Points Two (2) or more sources other than the class materials are incorporated, are substantive, and are used effectively. Sources used are relevant and timely, contribute to the analysis, and support conclusions. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style. 4 Points At least one (1) source other than the class materials is incorporated and used effectively. Source(s) are relevant and contribute to the analysis. References are appropriately incorporated and cited using APA style. 3.5 Points At least one (1) source other than the class materials is used and properly incorporated into the text. Reference is cited using APA style. 3 Points A source other than the class materials may be used, but is not properly incorporated in-text, and/or is not relevant or timely and/or APA style for references and citations is not followed. 0-2 Points No external research is incorporated or reference listed is not cited within text. 5 Memo Format 9-10 Points Memo format is used and content is very well organized; appropriate transitions are included from one section to the next; correct sentence structure, grammar, and spelling is used; presented in a professional format; uses sophisticated writing and demonstrates understanding of course concepts and vocabulary. 8 Points Memo format is used and reflects effective organization; appropriate transitions are included from one section to the next; correct sentence structure, grammar, and spelling are used; presented in a professional format. 7 Points Memo has some organization; may have some errors in sentence structure, grammar, and spelling. 6 Points Memo format is somewhat followed; is not well organized; does not use appropriate transitions; and/or does not use correct sentence structure, grammar, and spelling. 0-5 Points Report is extremely poorly written, has many grammar and/or spelling errors, or does not convey the information. 10 TOTAL Possible Points 100

July 8, 2020

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