Capstone Project Change Proposal Presentation for Faculty Review and Feedback AND Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal

  

Assignment 1

Capstone Project   Change Proposal Presentation for Faculty Review and Feedback

Create a professional presentation of your evidence-based intervention and change proposal to be disseminated to an interprofessional audience of leaders and stakeholders. Include the intervention, evidence-based literature, objectives, resources needed, anticipated measurable outcomes, and how the intervention would be evaluated. Submit the presentation in LoudCloud for feedback from the instructor.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide.

Assignment 2

  Benchmark – Professional Capstone and Practicum   Reflective Journal

Students maintained and submitted weekly reflective narratives throughout the course to explore the personal knowledge and skills gained throughout this course. This assignment combines those entries into one course-long reflective journal that integrates leadership and inquiry into current practice as it applies to the Professional Capstone and Practicum course.(In 750- 1000 words)

This final submission should also outline what students have discovered about their professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced during the process, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and, finally, how the student met the competencies aligned to this course.

The final journal should address a variable combination of the following, while incorporating your specific clinical practice experiences:

1. New practice approaches

2. Interprofessional collaboration

3. Health care delivery and clinical systems

4. Ethical considerations in health care

5. Practices of culturally sensitive care

6. Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients

7. Population health concerns

8. The role of technology in improving health care outcomes

9. Health policy

10. Leadership and economic models

11. Health disparities

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and IN-TEXT CITATIONS AND REFERENCES should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. 

Benchmark – Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal

Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients

Human dignity is the inherent characteristics and supreme values possessed by all human beings in virtue of their humanity. It is simply the acknowledgement that human beings have a unique value intrinsic to their humanity and should be respected because they are human beings. Human dignity manifests through show of respect for self and for others (Kadivar, Mardani-Hamooleh, & Kouhnavard, 2018). It is influenced by how other people treats an individuals. Human dignity can also be influenced by other factors including attitudes, level of independence, perceived control and symptom management among nurses towards people.

Observing human dignity and respect for life is part of the nursing profession ethics that nurses should observe without focusing on the gender, race, culture, age, social status, economic status or nationality of patients (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar, & Golbaf, 2017). Nurses should always preserve and respect human dignity by treating patients with humanity, respecting all patients, treating patients with compassion and justice and involving patients in their care by giving them a chance to make decisions regarding their care. Nurses should uphold and preserve the integrity of human dignity when providing care to patients (Schmidt & Brown, 2017). They should ensure privacy and confidentiality of their records and treatment without considering factors such as age, gender, race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

References

Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M. (2018). Concept analysis of human dignity in patient care: Rodgers’ evolutionary approach. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine, 11.
Sabeghi, H., Nasiri, A., Zarei, M., Tabar, A. K., & Golbaf, D. (2017). Respecting for human dignity in elders caring in perspective of nurses and elderly patients. Medical Ethics Journal, 9(32), 45-70.
Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Interprofessional collaboration
Interprofessional collaboration takes place when diverse healthcare providers from various professional background and specialties work together with the patients, their families, their caregivers as well as communities to deliver quality care. It is the collective involvement of various healthcare workers works with patients, caregivers, families and communities to share their perspectives concerning delivering highest quality of care (Reeves et. al., 2017). Interprofessional collaboration helps healthcare professionals to achieve better patient outcomes and optimal health status of patients and communities.
Healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and others should collaborate across all professions to provide highest quality care and improved patient outcomes. This involves working with all people irrespective of their expertise or professional level to improve the overall health outcomes. All healthcare professionals should keep aside all their differences and work together with a common goal for interprofessional collaboration to work well in the healthcare setting. They should also improve their communication and develop good working relationships to ensure that interprofessional collaboration works well with minimal or no setbacks (Reeves et. al., 2017). When healthcare professionals use interprofessional collaboration, they can work together to prevent medication errors, deliver better patient outcomes, improve patient experience and reduce healthcare costs. Interprofessional collaboration also enable healthcare facilities to eliminate workflow redundancies and achieve operational efficiencies.
References
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Reeves, S., Pelone, F., Harrison, R., Goldman, J., & Zwarenstein, M. (2017). Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).

Ethical considerations in health care

Ethical values are essential for any healthcare provider. They are universal codes of conduct and rules that provides a practical framework for identifying the types of motives, actions and intentions values in the healthcare setting. The ethical values spell out the moral principles that governs how an individual conduct themselves any time (Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016). Ethical considerations also cover the rights or wrongs, dos and don’ts and the decision-making process of determining the consequences of the actions. Every person has their set of moral and ethical principles (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2016). Ethical values in the healthcare settings are essential because every healthcare provider must face ethical healthcare dilemmas and make good decisions and judgments regarding various healthcare issues while maintaining these values.

To practice effectively with competence and integrity, nurses and other healthcare professionals must have their own ethical values and follow healthcare-based ethical principles to guide them in their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017). Healthcare is guided by four major ethical values alongside other expected ethical principles such as honesty, integrity, empathy, compassion, confidentiality etc. These ethical values in nursing include autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Autonomy gives patients the right to make their decisions based on their values and beliefs. Beneficence gives healthcare professionals a duty to minimize harm, refrain from maltreatment and promote safety and good towards patients (Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016). Justice is the right for patients to be treated fairly and equally by healthcare professionals. Lastly, non-maleficence is the patients’ right to no harm during treatment. Nurses and all healthcare providers have a unique responsibility to themselves, their profession and to patients to maintain ethical values.

References

Blais, K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chadwick, R., & Gallagher, A. (2016). Ethics and nursing practice. Macmillan International Higher Education.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Health care delivery and clinical systems

A healthcare delivery system involves people, institutions and resources aimed at delivering quality healthcare services to meet the health needs of a given population. A healthcare delivery system enables patients and population to receive healthcare services. It also aims at delivering cost-effective and safe health services that meet the quality standards (Kuziemsky, Abbas, & Carroll, 2018). The adoption of healthcare delivery systems based on patient-centered care is crucial in the clinical settings. It brings respect for nurses and healthcare providers. Healthcare delivery system is classified into individual patient, health team, patients’ family members and health institutions including nursing homes, clinics, and hospitals (Grove & Gray, 2018). Clinical systems refer to information systems put in place for use in healthcare settings.

Nurses are essential components in the healthcare delivery systems. They provide the best and high-quality health services to patients during nursing practice. Nurses are including in all health plan levels. They are also in all operating units to promote development, foster direction and guide the implementation of patient-centered programs (Grove & Gray, 2018). Nurses use clinical systems to manage patient care in the best way possible in critical care settings. The clinical systems enable nurses and other providers to connect to other departments such as radiology, lab, and pathology and so on for easier access to patient records and for accurate and complete patient care.

References

Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Kuziemsky, C., Abbas, R. M., & Carroll, N. (2018). Toward a Connected Health Delivery Framework. 2018 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Software Engineering in Healthcare Systems (SEHS), 46-49.

Practices of culturally sensitive care

Culturally sensitive care is care that reflects the ability to respond appropriately to feelings, attitudes and situations of groups of individuals sharing a distinctive and common national, racial, linguistic, cultural and religious heritage. A culturally competent care is capable of improving the quality of care and overall health outcomes. It can also lead to elimination of racial, cultural and ethnic health disparities (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018). The world is ethnically and racially diverse. This calls for the need of culturally competent care. The racial and ethnic minority groups and communities usually face sociocultural obstacles to quality care such as lack of access to health insurance, language barriers, racial/ethnic discrimination, and low literacy to understand the need for quality care and low income to afford health services.

Nurses and other healthcare providers can develop and adopt various strategies and practices to enable them provide culturally competent care (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018). These practices includes providing training and education to increase cultural awareness and knowledge, provide interpret services, work with minority staff, use community health workers services, include community and family members in healthcare decision-making, improve language and communication barriers, engage directly in cross-cultural interactions with patients and conduct cultural competence self-assessment among all healthcare providers (Jolley, 2020). Healthcare providers should focus on providing culturally competent healthcare to all patients.

References

Jolley, J. (2020). Introducing research and evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare professionals. Routledge.
Ring, J., Nyquist, J., & Mitchell, S. (2018). Curriculum for culturally responsive health care: The step-by-step guide for cultural competence training. CRC Press.

New practice approaches

Registered nurses delivers care services to patients by applying validated interventions. Nurses should have the ability to analyze the current data and research, translate research into practice, integrate knowledge into practice and develop new practice approaches. Including evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing provide nurse practitioners with scientific research that helps them to make well-founded and informed decisions (Dang & Dearholt, 2017). It also enable nurses to stay updated about new practice approaches and medical protocols for patient. Nurse practitioners must accept and conform to the ongoing changes in nursing practice so as to remain pertinent to their responsibility to provide effective care to patients.

The core competency involving new practice approaches was met through researching the current data and research to develop definitive diagnoses as well as evidence-based treatment plans based on case scenarios presented every week, the weekly quizzes that requires integration and knowledge obtained from readings, researching various studies, expertise gained from practice and using current research and treatment approaches (Grove & Gray, 2018). This is helpful in improving practice processes and health outcomes.

Population health concerns

Population health presents significant health concerns and address ways in which resources can be allocated to overcome problems that drives poor health conditions in the population. According to CDC, population health is an interdisciplinary and customizable approach which enables health departments to connect nursing practice to policy for change to occur locally (Portney, 2020). This approach uses modern partnerships among various sectors of the community such as healthcare, academia, industry, public health, local government entities and so on to attain positive health outcomes.

Environmental factors have a significant role in determination of the health of a community. Nurses who are the advocates for population health are best-suited providers to effect a positive change on how these factors affect population health. Environmental factors such as unemployment, homelessness, food insecurity and neighborhood violence have great effects on population health (Nilsen, Neher, Ellström, & Gardner,, 2017). The social determinants of health greatly affect population health. Factors such as racial discrimination, educational opportunities, income levels, gender inequality and so on affects population health. Nurses should play the role of advocacy for population health to effect change through policy to change the effects of the factors on population health.

The role of technology in improving health care outcomes

Patient safety is the top most priority in healthcare. It refers to absence of preventable harm to patients during healthcare provision and reduction of unnecessary harm related to healthcare to an acceptable minimum level. New technology in nursing have been developed with an aim of reducing medical errors and encourage the use of technology to transform the healthcare environment to achieve better patient care (Grove & Gray, 2018). The use of information in healthcare is known as health information technology (HIT).

Nurses have adopted the use of HIT in their practice to automate various tasks such as record keeping and achieve efficiency in practice. The use of HIT helps healthcare providers to reduce human errors, facilitate care coordination, improve clinical outcomes, improve practice efficiencies and track data over time (Alotaibi & Federico, 2017). HIT improves patient safety by reducing medication errors, improving compliance to nursing practice guidelines and reducing negative drug reactions. Nurses should continue embracing the use of technology in nursing practice to improve patient safety and quality of care.

Health policy

Health policy is plans, actions and decisions put in place to achieve particular healthcare goals within a society. Health policy is principles and goals put in place to drive how care is accessed and delivered. Health policy can be at organizational, local, state or national level. Health policy can be categorized into public health policy, global health policy, insurance health policy, mental health policy and so on (Dang & Dearholt, 2017). There are other health policies such as policies requiring healthy food consumption in events, policies prohibiting alcohol and tobacco use in the workplace and policies that allow for flextime to attend health and exercise programs.

Nurse practitioners are the advocates for population health. Their influence in health policies ensures improvement in quality of care, patient safety, cost-effective and affordable care and easier access to care (Portney, 2020). Nurse practitioners can influence health policies by participating in nursing leadership, participating health legislation and holding political offices.

Leadership and economic models

The aspects that drives healthcare change includes unsustainable healthcare costs, healthcare access problems, fragmentation and suboptimal patient outcomes. The quality and cost concerns and transforming social demographics and infection-type called for the highest and urgent need for healthcare change. Caring and paying for medical treatments of chronic health conditions is also a major concern (Finkelman, 2017). The Affordable Care Act (ACA) contains programs such as Centers for Medicaid and Medicare services that tries to enhance quality and cost control in the healthcare sector. This coordination can help reduce healthcare spending, improve quality of care and patient outcomes.

Nurses have a significant role towards reforms in healthcare such as achieving quality, affordable, safe, accessible and patient-centered healthcare system. Nurses should ensure that their practice is unique to deliver quality care by proactively and passionately engaging in healthcare change process (Grove & Gray, 2018). Since they are the main care providers, nurses can help drive the necessary change in nursing practice.

Health disparities

Health disparities refers to differences existing among particular populations in the U.S. in the achievement of full health potential which can be measured by variations in prevalence, incidence, burden of illness, mortality and other negative health conditions (Portney, 2020). Health disparities negatively affect communities and individuals who have systematically experienced significant obstacles to health depending on their race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, age, nationality, religion, disability and so on.

It is the responsibility of nurses to ensure that healthcare is accessible to all patient populations. Nurses have faced challenges when advocating for health equity agenda. Nurses can use selection to evaluate and investigate health inequalities. Selection involves a tendency of people to group themselves in terms of social gatherings, residential places and other clustering forms (Marcin, Shaikh, & Steinhorn, 2016). Nurses can reduce health access inequalities through policy making. To improve population health, health access equity should be made a priority. The involved stakeholders should integrate measures to reduce health disparities into health programs and services.

References

Alotaibi, Y. K., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi medical journal, 38(12).
Dang, D., & Dearholt, S. L. (2017). Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Model and guidelines. Sigma Theta Tau.
Finkelman, A. (2017). Professional Nursing Concepts: Competencies for Quality Leadership: Competencies for Quality Leadership. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Marcin, J. P., Shaikh, U., & Steinhorn, R. H. (2016). Addressing health disparities in rural communities using telehealth. Pediatric Research, 79(1), 169-176.
Nilsen, P., Neher, M., Ellström, P. E., & Gardner,, B. (2017). Implementation of evidence‐based practice from a learning perspective. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 14(3), 192-199.
Portney, L. G. (2020). Foundations of clinical research: applications to evidence-based practice. FA Davis.

Rubic_Print_Format

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

8.0%

Course Code

Class Code

Assignment Title

Total Points

NRS-493

NRS-493-OL191

Benchmark – Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal

90.0

Criteria

Percentage

1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)

2: Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%)

3: Satisfactory (79.00%)

4: Good (89.00%)

5: Excellent (100.00%)

Comments

Points Earned

Group 1

100.0%

New Practice Approaches

8.0%

New practice approaches are not present.

New practice approaches are present, but they are incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

New practice approaches are present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

New practice approaches are present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

New practice approaches are present, complete, and incorporate additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Interprofessional Collaboration (C4.3)

Interprofessional collaboration information is not present.

Interprofessional collaboration information is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Interprofessional collaboration information is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Interprofessional collaboration information is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Interprofessional collaboration information is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Health Care Delivery and Clinical Systems

Health care delivery and clinical systems information is not present.

Health care delivery and clinical systems information is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Health care delivery and clinical systems information is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Health care delivery and clinical systems information is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Health care delivery and clinical systems information is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Ethical Considerations In Health Care (C2.3)

Information regarding ethical considerations in health care is not present.

Information regarding ethical considerations in health care is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information regarding ethical considerations in health care is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information regarding ethical considerations in health care is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information regarding ethical considerations in health care is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Practice of Culturally Sensitive Care (C5.3)

Information regarding the practice of culturally sensitive care is not present.

Information regarding the practice of culturally sensitive care is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information regarding the practice of culturally sensitive care is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information regarding the practice of culturally sensitive care is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information regarding the practice of culturally sensitive care is present and complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Preservation of Integrity of Human Dignity in the Care of All Patients (C5.4)

Information regarding the preservation of integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients is not present.

Information regarding the preservation of integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information regarding the preservation of integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information regarding the preservation of integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information regarding the preservation of integrity and human dignity in the care of all patients is present and complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Population Health Concerns

Information regarding population health concerns is not present.

Information regarding population health concerns is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information regarding population health concerns is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information regarding population health concerns is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information regarding population health concerns is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Role of Technology in Improving Health Care Outcomes (C4.1)

Information on the role of technology in improving health care outcomes is not present.

Information on the role of technology in improving health care outcomes is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information on the role of technology in improving health care outcomes is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information on the role of technology in improving health care outcomes is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information on the role of technology in improving health care outcomes is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Health Policy

Health policy information is not present.

Health policy information is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Health policy information is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Health policy information is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Health policy information is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Leadership and Economic Models

Information on leadership and economic models is not present.

Information on leadership and economic models is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information on leadership and economic models is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information on leadership and economic models is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information on leadership and economic models is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Health Disparities

Information on health disparities is not present.

Information on health disparities is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Information on health disparities is present Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Information on health disparities is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Information on health disparities is present, complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Outline of Overall Personal Discovery

Outline of what student discovered about professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and how the student met the competencies aligned to this course is not present.

Outline of what student discovered about professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and how the student met the competencies aligned to this course is present, but it is incomplete or otherwise lacking in required detail.

Outline of what student discovered about professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and how the student met the competencies aligned to this course is present. Some minor details or elements are missing, but the omissions do not impede understanding.

Outline of what student discovered about professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and how the student met the competencies aligned to this course is present and complete. The submission provides the basic information required.

Outline of what student discovered about professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and how the student met the competencies aligned to this course is present and complete, and incorporates additional relevant details and critical thinking to engage the reader.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

4.0%

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Total Weightage

100%

4

ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for the APA 6th Edition

Student A. Sample

University:

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

1

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE
Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for the APA 6th Edition

This is an electronic template for papers written in APA style (American Psychological Association, 2010). The purpose of the template is to help the student set the margins and spacing. Margins are set at 1 inch for top, bottom, left, and right. The type is left-justified only—that means the left margin is straight, but the right margin is ragged. Each paragraph is indented five spaces. It is best to use the tab key to indent. The line spacing is double throughout the paper, even on the reference page. One space is used after punctuation at the end of sentences. The font style used in this template is Times New Roman and the font size is 12.

First Heading

The heading above would be used if you want to have your paper divided into sections based on content. This is the first level of heading, and it is centered and bolded with each word of four letters or more capitalized. The heading should be a short descriptor of the section. Note that not all papers will have headings or subheadings in them.

First Subheading

The subheading above would be used if there are several sections within the topic labeled in a heading. The subheading is flush left and bolded, with each word of four letters or more capitalized.

Second Subheading

APA dictates that you should avoid having only one subsection heading and subsection within a section. In other words, use at least two subheadings under a main heading, or do not use any at all.

When you are ready to write, and after having read these instructions completely, you can delete these directions and start typing. The formatting should stay the same. However, one item that you will have to change is the page header, which is placed at the top of each page along with the page number. The words included in the page header should be reflective of the title of your paper, so that if the pages are intermixed with other papers they will be identifiable. When using Word 2003, double click on the words in the page header. This should enable you to edit the words. You should not have to edit the page numbers.

In addition to spacing, APA style includes a special way of citing resource articles. See the APA manual for specifics regarding in-text citations. The APA manual also discusses the desired tone of writing, grammar, punctuation, formatting for numbers, and a variety of other important topics. Although the APA style rules are used in this template, the purpose of the template is only to demonstrate spacing and the general parts of the paper. The student will need to refer to the APA manual for other format directions.

The reference list should appear at the end of a paper (see the next page). It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text. A sample reference page is included below; this page includes examples of how to format different reference types (e.g., books, journal articles, information from a website). The examples on the following page include examples taken directly from the APA manual.

References

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Daresh, J. C. (2004). Beginning the assistant principalship: A practical guide for new school administrators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.

Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/
health/prof/asthma/asth_sch

Submission Ide: c6aa726b-88ef-406c-aef2-92f648a3095b

55% SIMILARITY SCORE 27   CITATION ITEMS 46   GRAMMAR ISSUES 0   FEEDBACK COMMENT

Internet Source   4%
Institution   51%

Jane Chima

Compiled ReflectiveJournal (1) x

Summary

 2984 Words  

Running head: REFLECTIVE JOURNAL

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 2

 Web Content: https://onlinenursingpapers.com/professional-capstone-and-practicum-reflective-journal-essay-assignment-paper-2/…

 Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University

Reflective journal

Name

Institution

Course

Date

Introduction

The one-course reflective journal incorporates the inquiry and leadership into current

practice as it applies to the Practicum and Professional Capstone course. The journal reflects on

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 3

consider evidence-based approaches. The progressive application of evidence-based practices

leads to effective care which results in better patient outcomes.

Interprofessional collaboration

Interprofessional collaboration takes place when diverse healthcare providers from

various professional background and specialties work together with the patients, their families,

their caregivers as well as communities to deliver quality care. It is the collective involvement of

various healthcare workers works with patients, caregivers, families and communities to share

their perspectives concerning delivering highest quality of care (Reeves et. al., 2017).

Interprofessional collaboration helps healthcare professionals to achieve better patient outcomes

and optimal health status of patients and communities.

Healthcare providers such as nurses, physicians and others should collaborate across all

professions to provide highest quality care and improved patient outcomes. This involves

working with all people irrespective of their expertise or professional level to improve the overall

health outcomes (Grove & Gray, 2018) . All healthcare professionals should keep aside all their

differences and work together with a common goal for interprofessional collaboration to work

well in the healthcare setting. They should also improve their communication and develop good

working relationships to ensure that interprofessional collaboration works well with minimal or

no setbacks (Reeves et. al., 2017). When healthcare professionals use interprofessional

 verb acquire (get, develop): acquired  get

 verb acquire (get, develop): acquire  get

 Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University
 Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University

 Spelling mistake: growingly  glowingly

 Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University

 Duplicated ph…: Interprofessi…  Interprofessi…

 Web Content: https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-21-2016/No3-Sept-2016/Registered-Nurses-as-Interprofessional-Collaborative-Partners.html…

 Grammatical p…: delivering hi…  delivering th…

 Possible typo: et. al.  et al.

 Spelling mistake: Interprofessional

 Student: Submitted to Grand Canyon University

 Grammatical p…: provide highe…  provide the h…

 Spelling mist…: interprofessi…  inter profess…

 Spelling mist…: interprofessi…  inter profess…
 Possible typo: et. al.  et al.

individual knowledge and skills attained during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course

(Finkelman, 2017). Stress and burnout caused by work overloads in the nursing practice has

attracted the attention of nursing researchers and educators since they have recognized their

impacts on patient outcomes and satisfaction. The journal will also address the skills and

knowledge that I have acquired during the Practicum and Professional Capstone course and

during the placement. This knowledge and skills have helped me develop my nursing career

(LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . Working under the supervision and mentorship of my

preceptor enabled me acquire additional practical skills that will enable me to provide the best

quality care to patients. The mentor assigned me various practical duties that made me more

knowledgeable.

New practice approaches

The nursing discipline has experienced significant alterations in the last years, one of

them being the utilization of evidence-based approaches or evidence-based practice (EBP) in

care delivery (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . The progressive application of evidence-based

approaches in the nursing practice is revolutionizing healthcare delivery in many ways.

Nurses must conform to modifications to remain pertinent in their responsibility to give

excellent nursing care to patients. One way that the nursing practice emphasizing the utilization

of EBP in nursing care is to that higher learning institutions are growingly acknowledging the

vitality of the current inclination and initiating modifications to the nursing courses offered to

collaboration, they can work together to prevent medication errors, deliver better patient

outcomes, improve patient experience and reduce healthcare costs. Interprofessional

collaboration also enable healthcare facilities to eliminate workflow redundancies and achieve

operational efficiencies.

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actions and intentions values in the healthcare setting. The ethical values spells out the moral

principles that governs how an individual conduct themselves any time (Chadwick & Gallagher,

2016). Ethical considerations also cover the rights or wrongs, dos and don’ts and the decision-

making process of determining the consequences of the actions. Every person has their set of

moral and ethical principles (Blais, Hayes, Kozier, & Erb, 2016) . Ethical values in the healthcare

settings are essential because every healthcare provider must face ethical healthcare dilemmas

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Health care delivery and clinical systems

A healthcare delivery systems involves people, institutions and resources aimed at

delivering quality healthcare services to meet the health needs of a given population. A

healthcare delivery system enables patients and population to receive healthcare services. It also

aims at delivering cost-effective and safe health services that meet the quality standards

(Kuziemsky, Abbas, & Carroll, 2018) . The adoption of healthcare delivery systems on the basis

of patient-centered care is crucial in the clinical settings. It brings respect for nurses and

healthcare providers. Healthcare delivery system is classified into individual patient, health team,

patients’ family members and health institutions including nursing homes, clinics and hospitals

(Grove & Gray, 2018) . Clinical systems refers to information systems put in place for use in

healthcare settings.

Nurses are essential components in the healthcare delivery systems. They provide the

best and high quality health services to patients during nursing practice. Nurses are includes in

all health plan levels. They are also in all operating units to promote development, foster

direction and guide the implementation of patient-centered programs (Grove & Gray, 2018) .

Nurses use clinical systems to manage patient care in the best way possible in critical care

settings. The clinical systems enables nurses and other providers to connect to other departments

such as radiology, lab, and pathology and so on for easier access to patient records and for

accurate and complete patient care.

Ethical considerations in health care

Ethical values are essential for any healthcare provider. They are universal codes of

conduct and rules that provides a practical framework for identifying the types of motives,

and make good decisions and judgments regarding various healthcare issues while maintaining

these values.

To practice effectively with competence and integrity, nurses and other healthcare

professionals must have their own ethical values and follow healthcare-based ethical principles

to guide them in their practice (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017) . Healthcare is guided by four

major ethical values alongside other expected ethical principles such as honesty, integrity,

empathy, compassion, confidentiality etc. These ethical values in nursing include autonomy,

justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Autonomy gives patients the right to make their

decisions based on their values and beliefs. Beneficence gives healthcare professionals a duty to

minimize harm, refrain from maltreatment and promote safety and good towards patients

(Chadwick & Gallagher, 2016) . Justice is the right for patients to be treated fairly and equally by

healthcare professionals. Lastly, non-maleficence is the patients’ right to no harm during

treatment. Nurses and all healthcare providers have a unique responsibility to themselves, their

profession and to patients to maintain ethical values.

Practices of culturally sensitive care

Culturally sensitive care is care that reflects the ability to respond appropriately to

feelings, attitudes and situations of groups of individuals sharing a distinctive and common

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national, racial, linguistic, cultural and religious heritage. A culturally competent care is capable

of improving the quality of care and overall health outcomes. It can also lead to elimination of

racial, cultural and ethnic health disparities (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) . The world is

ethnically and racially diverse. This calls for the need of culturally competent care. The racial

and ethnic minority groups and communities usually face sociocultural obstacles to quality care

such as lack of access to health insurance, language barriers, racial/ethnic discrimination, and

low literacy to understand the need for quality care and low income to afford health services.

Nurses and other healthcare providers can develop and adopt various strategies and

practices to enable them provide culturally competent care (Ring, Nyquist, & Mitchell, 2018) .

These practices includes providing training and education to increase cultural awareness and

knowledge, provide interpret services, work with minority staff, use community health workers

services, include community and family members in healthcare decision-making, improve

language and communication barriers, engage directly in cross-cultural interactions with patients

and conduct cultural competence self-assessment among all healthcare providers (Jolley, 2020) .

Healthcare providers should focus on providing culturally competent healthcare to all patients.

Ensuring the integrity of human dignity in the care of all patients

Human dignity is the inherent characteristics and supreme values possessed by all human

beings in virtue of their humanity. It is simply the acknowledgement that human beings have a

unique value intrinsic to their humanity and should be respected because they are human beings.

Human dignity manifests through show of respect for self and for others (Kadivar, Mardani-

Hamooleh, & Kouhnavard, 2018) . It is influenced by how other people treats an individuals.

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Human dignity can also be influenced by other factors including attitudes, level of independence,

perceived control and symptom management among nurses towards people.

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population health such as education, homelessness, unemployment, racial discrimination and so

on (Woolf, et al., 2015) . Healthcare professionals should collaborate and work together to

improve the healthcare systems, livelihoods and health status of the communities where they

operate. This would address the major population health concerns and improve the overall health

of populations that they serve.

The role of technology in improving health care outcomes

Patient safety is a top priority and a first line consideration in the healthcare settings. It

involves avoiding, preventing and ameliorating negative results or injuries that originates from

healthcare processes. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended the development and

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Observing human dignity and respect for life is part of the nursing profession ethics that

nurses should observe without focusing on the gender, race, culture, age, social status, economic

status or nationality of patients (Sabeghi, Nasiri, Zarei, Tabar, & Golbaf, 2017) . Nurses should

always preserve and respect human dignity by treating patients with humanity, respecting all

patients, treating patients with compassion and justice and involving patients in their care by

giving them a chance to make decisions regarding their care. Nurses should uphold and preserve

the integrity of human dignity when providing care to patients (Schmidt & Brown, 2017) . They

should ensure privacy and confidentiality of their records and treatment without considering

factors such as age, gender, race, nationality, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Population health concerns

Population health is a customizable and interdisciplinary approach that enables health

departments to connect healthcare practice to policy so that changer can occur locally. The health

approach utilizes modern partnerships among different community sectors to achieve positive

outcomes of population health (Navarro & Muntaner, 2020). Population health focuses on

significant health concerns and address various ways that resources can be allocated in the health

sector to overcome issues which are driving poor health conditions among the populations.

Environmental factors determines the health of populations. Nurses and population health

advocates can effective a positive change in how environmental factors affect population health.

Some of the environmental factors that affect population health includes unemployment,

homelessness, neighborhood violence, food insecurity and underemployment.

Nurses should strive to address the major population concerns within their ability to

ensure that people get the best quality care. Nurse leaders and management of health facilities

should lobby for external support to address some environmental and social concerns of

testing of new healthcare technologies to minimize medical error in 1999. The later

recommended the application of health information technology (HIT) as the initial step to change

and transform healthcare environment to achieve safer and better patient care.

Studies have shown that both advantages and disadvantages come with technology

adoption in healthcare such as potential for technical issues and security breaches. Privacy

overall is a major concern. Also, communication in the healthcare setting can be rapid and

emergent, giving room for error (Pompilio, 2019). Though the advantages that technology usage

in healthcare has provided is vast and improves patient outcomes, care has to be taken when

using technology to provide care. Healthcare workers should also be educated on what safety

modalities with incorporating technology when providing patient care.

Health policy

Health policy describes the actions, decisions and plans implemented with an aim of

achieving certain healthcare goals in the society. A well-defined health policy can achieve goals

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 9

such as informing people, defining a vision for future, defining priorities, outlining expected

roles of various groups and building a consensus within society (Abel-Smith, 2018) . Health

policy can be global health policy, public health policy, health service policy, insurance policy

and so on. Health policy helps in standardizing daily operational activities of a health

organization. These policies provide clarity when faced with critical issues, legal and safety

liabilities and regulatory requirements (Barr, 2016). Appropriate development and management

of health policies enables organization to formulate powerful solutions to issues and improve

productivity and efficiency of these facilities while refraining them from breaching regulations.

Nurses have a significant role in development, implementation, management and

enforcement of health policies. These policies guide the nursing practice and overall healthcare

(Barr, 2016). Since they are the main providers of health services, nurses should actively

participate in the process of developing, implementing, managing and enforcing these policies.

Nurses should follow health policies of their respective organizations to achieve the desired

health outcomes, guide decision making and guide their roles, duties and responsibilities (Abel-

Smith, 2018). Health policies is the foundation of the delivery of quality, holistic, safe and cost-

effective care.

Leadership and economic models

The aspects that are driving healthcare change includes healthcare access problems,

suboptimal patient outcomes, fragmentation and unsustainable healthcare costs. The cost and

quality concerns together with transforming the infection-type and social demographics created

the highest need for healthcare change (Needleman, 2016) . Another major concern is caring for

as well as paying for the medical treatments and interventions of patients with chronic

conditions. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) consists of programs such as Centers for Medicaid

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and Medicare services whose aim is enhancing cost and quality control in healthcare. The great

care coordination may reduce healthcare spending, improve quality patient care and improve

patient outcomes (Finkelman, 2017). Reducing the unnecessary hospitalizations, unwarranted

utilization of emergency units, repeated diagnostic testing, and adverse drug interactions can cut

on costs, repeated medical history and multiple prescriptions. Healthcare organizations takes

incremental steps towards achieving high quality care and lower costs.

Nursing has a pivotal contribution towards healthcare reforms and demands for quality,

safe, affordable, patient-centered and accessible healthcare system (Needleman, 2016) . Nurses

must understand how nursing practice should be unique in delivering the expected quality care

and proactively and passionately engaging in the change process for their healthcare facilities to

achieve these outcomes (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2017) . The healthcare changes may require

improved skills or new skill set of patient care and wellness with new emphasis on patient-

centered care, quality improvement, coordination and data analytics. The healthcare economic

models helps in reducing costs and improving the quality and accessibility of care to the entire

population. As a result, it required quality leadership from the nurse leaders to the senior

management to deliver quality healthcare services.

Health disparities

Health disparities occurs from many factors such as environmental threats, poverty,

educational inequalities, individual factors, behavioral factors and inadequate access to

healthcare services. Health disparities may also originate from the race and ethnicity of a

population or community. Other health disparities includes socioeconomic status and disability

status (Wheeler & Bryant, 2017) . These disparities shapes the ability of an individual or

population to attain optimal health.

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After assuming leadership roles, nurses can improve population health by prioritizing

health equity needs and integrating strategies to reduce and eliminate health disparities into

health programs (Thornton, et al., 2016) . In addition, all healthcare providers should be trained

on addressing social determinants of health with an aim of promoting equitable health outcomes

for all patients, their families and communities.

Conclusion

For one to understand the nursing practice, he/she needs to examine the mission, goals,

processes and leadership. The nursing practice involves promoting supportive learning and

integrating it into educational experience both in classroom and clinical environment using

reflection. The strategies includes clinical practice, practical knowledge and nurse involvement

in a learning settings. The practicum enables nurses to learn and acquire new skills and

knowledge in the emerging nursing field. It opens the mind of nurses to explore new

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 12

Abel-Smith, B. (2018). An introduction to health: policy, planning and financing. Taylor &

Francis Books Limited.

Barr, D. A. (2016). Introduction to US Health Policy: the organization, financing, and delivery

of health care in America. JHU Press.

Blais, K., Hayes, J. S., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. L. (2016). Professional nursing practice: Concepts

and perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Chadwick, R., & Gallagher, A. (2016). Ethics and nursing practice. Macmillan International

Higher Education.

Finkelman, A. (2017). Professional nursing concepts: Competencies for quality leadership.

Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-

Based Practice. Elsevier Health

Sciences.

Grove, S. K., & Gray, J. R. (2018). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-
Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Jolley, J. (2020). Introducing research and evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare

professionals. Routledge.

Kadivar, M., Mardani-Hamooleh, M., & Kouhnavard, M. (2018). Concept analysis of human

dignity in patient care: Rodgers’ evolutionary approach. Journal of medical ethics and

history of medicine, 11.

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 13

 verb acquire (get, develop): acquire  gettechnologies and concepts in nursing care.

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