assignment lab
assignment lab
Spring 2021
Remote
Tensile Metals Experimental Data
Table 1. Data on specimen measurements.
Material Initial
Thickness
(mm)
Initial
width
(mm)
Initial
area
(mm)
Initial
gage
length
(mm)
Final
thickness
(mm)
Final
width
(mm)
Final
area
(mm)
Final
gage
length
(mm)
Aluminum 3.0 13.5 40.5 50.8 2.5 12.5 31.25 56.5
Steel 3.0 13.5 40.5 50.8 2.0 8.5 17 66.5
Brass 3.1 13.5 41.85 50.8 2.5 10.5 26.25 64.5
Copper 3.0 13.2 39.6 50.8 1.5 10.5 15.75 69.0
E = (L-Lo/Lo)*100% Ar =(Ao-Af/Ao)*100
L−L0
L0
) ∗ 100% Ar = (
A0−Af
A0
) ∗ 100
Ductility equation:
Where:
E – percent elongation (%)
L0 – original length
L – final length
A0 – original cross-sectional area
Af – the final cross-sectional area
Ar
– percent reduction in area
ENGR 200: Materials of Engineering
Laboratory 3
Tensile Test I.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this experiment is to familiarize the students with performing tension tests and obtaining
the strength and ductility values from the test results of several metals. The tensile properties of these
metals will be contrasted, and the properties will be compared with those in reference books.
II.INTRODUCTION
The tensile test is the primary test used in determining the mechanical properties of materials. From this
test, it is possible to determine the yield strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility of a
given material. This type of data is essential for mechanical and structural designs and is usually compiled
in materials handbooks for commercially available materials.
III. EXPERIMENTAL
Materials and Apparatus
• Instron Tensile Test System (Series 3369, Figure 1)
• Extensometer
• Four tension tests specimens – aluminum (2024 –T4), copper (C 11000), brass (C36000), and
steel (1010 cold-rolled) (see Figure 2)
• Vernier caliper
Aluminum (2024 –T4)
Steel (1010 cold-rolled)
Brass (C36000)
Copper (C 11000)
Figure
1:
Instron
Tensile
Test
Machine,
Series
3369
Figure
2:
Tensile
Test
specimens.
Figure 3: Tensile Test Specimen
Experimental Procedure
1) 4 groups will test 1 specimen each, which is made of one of the following metals: aluminum
(2024 –T4), copper (C 11000), brass (C36000), and steel (1010 cold-rolled)
2) Prior to testing, measure and label the specimens’ dimensions, and record them in your data sheet.
You may also digitally photograph the specimen.
3) Test procedure:
Turn on the machine and let it warm up for 15 minutes before performing any test.
a) Specimen preparation
• Mark a 2’” (50.8 mm) gage length within the center portion of the specimen using a marker pen.
(see Figure 3 for the location of the gage length)
b) Attach specimen to grip assembly
• Mount the specimen to the upper grip assembly and allow it to hang freely. This is to minimize
side loading or bending moment created in the specimen.
• Make sure the faces of the grip cover the entire area to be gripped; otherwise your specimen may
slip or even break inside the gripped area (“jaw break”). Tighten the clamp.
• Repeat the same procedure for the lower grip assembly, and tighten the lower clamp
c) Set up test program
Check to ensure that these parameters are entered accurately in the right fields:
-Gage length
– Sample thickness
– Ambient temperature
d) Testing
• Zero out all the load and strain values on the specimen as shown on the screen
• Begin the test – the cross-head will begin to move at a pre-determined speed
• When the pre-set strain value is reached and the cross – head stop moving, remove the
extensometer.
• Continue the test until the sample begins to neck and finally raptures (breaks). Note the specimen
temperature at which this occurs.
• Carefully remove the fractured samples.
4) Use the Vernier caliper to measure the following dimensions of the fractured sample:
-‐ Gage length (Note: put the fractured sample back together and measure the distance between
your original marking)
-‐
Width (of fractured surface)
-‐ Thickness (of fractured surface)
5) Photograph the fractured specimens-top view and side view. Pay particular attention to the
fractured region. Include these photos in your Appendices section.
6) Photograph the fractured surface (oblique view). Include these sketches (and photos) in your
Appendices section.
7) Computer generated data for all four test specimens will be available in Excel format and
distributed to the class after the lab session. These data will be used to
-locate the yield stress
-locate the tensile stress
-locate the fracture load
-compute ductility of the specimen
Note: If you are not familiar with data manipulation and graphing using Microsoft Excel, please
inform your Lab Instructor ASAP.
IV. DELIVERABLES FROM YOU
1. Submit your Tech Memo as a PDF file on designated date (see ENGR 200 syllabus) to your
Instructor. Hardcopy is NOT required. Please note that each student is required to submit his/her
own Tech Memo (group discussion is allowed; however, you should write your own Tech
Memo).
Please include the following two sections in your memo:
i) Introduction (1/2 page): Discuss “What is a tensile test, its purpose and significance, the
materials tested, what material properties can we obtain from this test, why are these
properties important.
ii) Results and Discussion (2.5 pages): Discuss results and observations based on the tables,
figures, and photos you prepared. Please provide insights, don’t just regurgitate numbers.
E.g. don’t just write “Based on Figure 1 and 2, the Young Modulus of steel and copper
are 100GPa and 50GPa, respectively”, instead write “Based on Figure 1 and 2, the Young
Modulus of steel and copper are 100GPa and 50GPa, respectively. Therefore, steel is
twice stiffer than copper and under similar tensile loads; copper will elongate twice as
much as steel.
Please** attach tables, figures and photos in the Appendices**
1. Please include and discuss the following in your memo:
a) From specimen dimension measurements construct Table 1, for initial and final areas and change
in the gage length for the four specimens.
b) From Table 1, calculate the ductility from the initial and final dimensions of the specimen, i.e.
based on i) percent elongation and ii) percent reduction in area. Present the results in Table 2.
c) Using computer data, present stress vs. strain diagrams for the four materials. Label these graphs
as, e.g. Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7.
d) Using computer data, construct Table 3, comparison of Young’s Moduli values for the four
materials and those obtained from the textbook (Appendix B).
e) From computer data, construct Table 4, comparison of yield and ultimate tensile strength values
for the four materials and those obtained from the textbook (Appendix B).
2. On your memo, please also include your team members’ names.
ENGR 200: Materials of Engineering
Laboratory 3
Data Sheet for Tensile Test
Name:
Group Members:
Date:
1. Photo of specimens: Please, include the following photos in your Appendix section.
a) Specimens after test –top view & side view
b) Specimens’ fractured surfaces – oblique view of both surfaces.
Table 1: Data Collection:
Material Initial
Thickness
[mm]
Initial
Width
[mm]
Initial
Area
[mm2]
Initial
Gage
Length
[mm]
Final
Thickness
[mm]
Final
Width
[mm]
Final
Area
[mm2]
Final
Gage
Length
[mm]
APPENDIX B: 1 (a) Specimen Top and Side Views (After Test)
Steel Specimen (Top View and Side View)
Top
Side
Brass Specimen (Top View and Side View)
Top
Side
Aluminum Specimen (Top View and Side View)
Top
Side
Copper Specimen (Top View and Side View)
Top
Side
1(b) Specimen’s Fractured Surfaces (Oblique Views of Both Surfaces)
(Please dimension and label sketches)
Steel Specimen (Oblique View)
Brass specimen (Oblique View)
Aluminum specimen (Oblique View)
Copper specimen (Oblique view)
Text Book reference
W.D Callister, Jr. and D.G Rethwisch.Materials Science and Engineering, An
introduction. 9th ed,. John Wiley & Sons, Inc,. 2014
General Materials Test
Sample name C:\Users\SCI 164\Desktop\ENGR 200 10 Fall
2019\ENGR-200-10-Steel_Fall_2019.is_tens
Rate 1 12.70 mm/min
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Lo
ad
[
N
]
Extension [mm]
Specimen 1 to 1
Specimen #
1
Material Type Rate 1[in/min]
Gauge
Length
[in]
Width
[in]
Thickness
[in]
Maximum
Load
[N]
Maximum
Load
[lbf]
Extension
at
Maximum
Load
[mm]
Extension
at
Maximum
Load
[in]
Strain 1 at
Maximum Load
[%]
Modulus
(Automatic
Young’s)
[MPa]
1 steel 0.50 2.000 0.531 0.118 15118.062 3398.675 4.333 0.171 -1.507 222829
10/3/2019 2:00:18 PM
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