Altered Physiology

  A 56-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis comes into the clinic with a chief complaint of a fever. Patient’s current medications include atorvastatin 40 mg at night, methotrexate 10 mg po every Friday morning and prednisone 5 mg po qam. He states that he has had a fever up to 101 degrees F for about a week and admits to chills and sweats. He says he has had more fatigue than usual and reports some chest pain associated with coughing. He admits to having occasional episodes of hemoptysis. He works as a grain inspector at a large farm cooperative. After extensive work-up, the patient was diagnosed with Invasive aspergillosis.

 you will be providing an analysis of the above  case study. be sure that you are addressing the below assignment criteria in  the case study analysis:

Resources

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Assignment 

Develop a 2- to 3-page case study analysis in which you:

· Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

· Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

· Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

 Detailed and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

· The detailed, and specific explanation of the pathophysiological processes that may be associated with the development of the diagnosed condition.

Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5

Pathophysiology

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body’s immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.

Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).

 Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p

Invasive Aspergillosis is a condition resulting from inhaling spores available in the environment. The spores germinate and enter blood vessels resulting in the condition. Risk factors associated with the condition include organ transplant and neutropenia. The condition is common to individuals with immunosuppression or immunocompromised patients (McCance & Huether, 2019). Invasive Aspergillus mostly infect open spaces like the pulmonary cavities. A flavus commonly results in the condition for this case as it is more pronounced to individuals severely immunosuppressed than those infected by A. fumigatus. In the lungs, focal infection results in the formation of Aspergilloma enclosed by fibrous tissues. At times the fungi invade local areas but mostly reside in the cavity. The chronic invasive Aspergillosis commonly infects patients prescribed with the long-term corticosteroid. With the case projected in this paper, the patients attracted the spores in the environment during his daily duty.

What gene are affected with this diseases? This paper focused more on the RA instead of the Invasive Aspergillosis,

How does RA and Invasive Aspergillosis relate together?

Detailed and specific analysis of the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

· The detailed, and specific explanation of the pathophysiological processes that may be associated with the development of the diagnosed condition.

Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

References

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Soo P. (n.d.). Pathophysiology Ch 10 Alterations in Immune Function. YouTube.