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Report on Ebola Epidemic in West Africa 2014

I need a 1400 word report based on the presentation i made earlier (will provide), all work must be done in the template document provided,please stricltly follow the rubric and task sheet!

Assignment Task/Epidemic presentation FINAL

Ebola Epidemic

Group member：Anthony
Artur Francis

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQI
ABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=-TqWuQjjq4jN6M

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=-TqWuQjjq4jN6M

Ebola Background

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqA
hAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfK
Y-shKtM

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM

What is Ebola?
● A rare virus ( first discovered in Congo in 1976 )
● The outbreak in West Africa (2014-2016) was the largest recently
● Spread in nature among human beings
● It can cause the deadliest viral hemorrhagic fever in the world today

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAh
UIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=
2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2

https://www.google.com/search?q=ebola&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiTxJKI8LbrAhUIUysKHUR3C5kQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=ebola&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgQIABAeMgQIABAeOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIABAMUJ-MA1jangNg-aMDaAFwAHgAgAGBAogBvgiSAQUwLjEuNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEKwAEB&sclient=img&ei=x0lFX9PED4imrQHE7q3ICQ&bih=627&biw=1200&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892#imgrc=I-ZgAfKY-shKtM

Ebola virus is a severe infectious disease virus that can cause Ebola hemorrhagic fever
in humans and other primates, and can spread in nature. Scientists believe that bats
are possible original hosts of the virus.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU8
91AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAhVKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM

Biosafety Levels

Symptoms：
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in skin
color, body aches, internal bleeding, external
bleeding, fever and so on.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892
&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

This is the overview of past global ebola epidemics.
The mortality rate ranges from 50% to 90%. ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Which countries are particularly at risk of this issue?

Countries in Africa,
including Congo, Guinea,
Liberia and Sierra Leone,
are most affected by Ebola.

ttps://www.google.com/search?
q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891
AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O
3

Public health emergencies of international concern

Global Issue

➔ Potential to extend
beyond the borders of
the affected country

➔ May require
immediate
international action.

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891A
U892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

Global Impacts
Social impact

Economic impact

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

UNICEF issues press release stating that at least 3,600 children have lost their parents

Social Impact

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA
_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

● Social chaos
● displacement of children

● Reduce GDP
● Affect fiscal and economic output

Economic Impact

https://parstoday.com/zh/radio/uncategorised-i50552

International Assistance

The international community
(International organizations/
powerful governments）has given
aid and assistance to defeating the
ebola virus

https://news.un.org/zh/story/2018/08/1016642

World Health Organization
the United Nations

https://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3clEtOEaOrkEKmLE9Kruw:1598458664640&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8hJPHornrAh
VKXSsKHZG9AB4Q_AUoAXoECB8QAw&biw=1440&bih=772#imgrc=9objKPdSovFBDM

World Food Programme
WFP airlifted aid materials to Congo

WFP had provided food assistance to more than 2 million
people

ttps://www.google.com/search?q=UN&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU891AU892&sxsrf=ALeKk00kBfW_O3

China aid
The world’s powerful government

750 million RMB worth of materials/more than 1,000 medical workers

http://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htmhttp://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htm

http://world.chinadaily.com.cn/2015-10/22/content_22257298.htm

National Research

In 2014 through 2015, more than 28,000 people in the West African countries of Liberia, Guinea,
and Sierra Leona were affected by the Ebola virus disease (EVD) and more than 11,000 died

(WHO, 2015). Transmission of the virus has been stopped in the affected countries, but likely left a
lasting impact, and could return.

● In March 2014, an outbreak of Ebola spread from south eastern Guinea to Sierra Leone,
Liberia and Nigeria

● In early August, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Ebola crisis an
international public health emergency and scaled up an international, regional and
national campaign to bring the outbreak under control

● Every day, the death toll from the crisis climbed higher and higher

● Complete breakdown of services and significant loss of human life

● The humanitarian response (UN)
● Traditional public health actors conducted routine surveillance activities, such as

contact tracing and active case finding
● Humanitarian actors distributed cash and food and established isolation and treatment

capacity; provided safe, dignified, and culturally appropriate burials; implemented
infection prevention and control measures;

Economical Impacts

Epidemics can disrupt trade and service delivery through
travel restrictions, and lost productivity due to illness and

death.

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/how-outbreaks-ebola-extract-
huge-social-and-economic-costs

https://reliefweb.int/report/world/how-outbreaks-ebola-extract-huge-social-and-economic-costs

Economic Impact
Aside from the devastating health effects, the Ebola epidemic also had a pronounced socio-economic
impact in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. According to 2014 projections from the World Bank3, an

estimated $2.2 billion was lost in 2015 in the gross domestic product (GDP)4 of the three countries.

This was mainly due:
● a slowdown in private sector investment
● reduced agricultural production
● Reduced cross-border trade
● Travel Restrictions

Measurement and Interventions

● The international response to the West African Ebola epidemic has been widely characterized as slow, weak,
and disorganized (Gostin and Friedman, 2014; MSF, 2015; Nature, 2014; Presidential Commission for the
Study of Bioethical Issues, 2015)

● On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic to be a public health
emergency of international concern (PHEIC) as defined by the International Health Regulations (IHR)

● In July 2014, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of health ministers from eleven countries and announced
collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic.

● In September 2014, the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola virus outbreak in Western Africa “a
threat to international peace and security” and unanimously adopted a resolution urging UN member states to
provide more resources to fight the outbreak.

● In May 2015, Dr Margaret Chan indicated, “demands on WHO were more than ten times greater than ever
experienced in the almost 70-year history of this Organization”[502][503] and on 23 March, she stated that “the
world remains woefully ill-prepared to respond to outbreaks that are both severe and sustained.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK401927/#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic#cite_note-503

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic#cite_note-504

Preventive Measures Taken
Travelers were screened at facilities.People working closely with Ebola patients
were encouraged to wear protective suits and masks. Patients were isolated and
quarantined. Quarantine and Travel Ban were introduced across outbreak
hotspots

Local research

First-hand Local Response to Ebola

Sector Response

Localised customised solutions

Enhanced management

Locating the patients

Locating patients

Contacts followed

Contacts interviewed

Discharge after 21 days if
no symptoms are present

Identifying contacts Cases identified

Isolation unit

Treatment unit

Sector response

Localised customised solutions

Enhanced management

Case Study: Liberia

❏ By using sector and local
response, Liberia’s real
death tolls (11310) were
much lower than the
estimated death toll of
20000+

CDC (2019)

Local impacts of Ebola

Local economic impact of ebola
Estimates of GDP lost due to the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015 in $US millions

Local social impacts of ebola

1. Stigma
2. Worsening of poverty
3. Orphans
4. Education closure
5. Other diseases not

prioritised

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Epidemic presentation FINAL

Assignment Task/Report template WRITE HERE!!! x
MUF0151 – Contemporary Issues Unit 1

{Ebola Epidemic}

{insert appropriate photo below}

{your name}
{Your student number}
{20 Sept}

Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Global findings 3
National findings 4
Local findings 5
Discussion and recommendations 6
References 7

Introduction

Global findings

National findings

Local findings

Discussion and recommendations

References
4

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Report template WRITE HERE!!! x

Assignment Task/Student Guide

MUF0151 Contemporary Issues 1

Case Study Investigation – Report structure guidance for students

(1200-1500 words (+/- 10%) not including your references.

Introduction (1 paragraph)

Give an overview about the issues you chose (short version) including:

• What is the issue?

• Where is this an issue – briefly refer to the local, national, global scales?

• Why and for who is this an issue?

• Summarise the most significant social, economic and environmental aspects

to the issue?

NOTE: The introduction is designed as a brief summary (1 paragraph) of the whole

report.

Sometimes it can be best to write it AFTER you have written the other sections of the

report.

Research findings

Global ( Approx 2 paragraphs)

Write about the issue at a global level. Include evidence and data from a range of

sources.

• How is the issue understood at a global level?

• What are the political, social, economic and environmental aspects and

impacts of the issue at the national and global level?

• What is being done at this level in response to the issue?

• What are the results?

National (Approx 2 paragraphs).

Write about the issue at a national level. Choose one or two countries and include

evidence and data from a range of sources.

• How is the issue understood at a national level?

• What are the political, social, economic and environmental aspects and

impacts of the issue at the national level?

• What is being done at this level in response to the issue?

• What are the results?

Local (Approx 2 paragraphs).

Write about a local response to the issue by focusing on the work of one or two

groups or organisations.

• Which person/group/organization did you investigate?

• What is the work of this organization?

• How did they respond and intervene to the issue at the local level?

• What were the results?

• Are they connected at all to the issue at a National or Global level?

• How does their response address the social, economic and environmental

impacts?

Discussion & Recommendations (Approx 2 paragraphs)

This final section acts like a conclusion. Here discuss the significance of your

findings and make some recommendations in relation to your issue.

• Summarize your understanding of the issue at the 3 levels – local, national,

global in terms of the social, economic and environmental impacts?

• What does your research suggest about the challenges posed by this issue

and the possible responses?

• What are the implications of this issue for people locally, nationally and

globally if nothing is done or if the issue is not resolved?

• What else could be done, or done better in relation to this issue? How does

the issue link to sustainability?

References

You are expected to use full APA referencing throughout this report.

Please note: This is general guidance to support you in writing your report and not

a rigid set of tasks that you must do. Every report will be different, and the final

format will very much depend on the topic, the research carried out and the way

the findings are synthesised.

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Student Guide

Assignment Task/Task sheet and rubric

Assessment 3

Case Study Investigation – Report

Word Limit
1000-1200
words

(+/-10%)

Due Date
Week 14

Weighting
30%

Time
In class and
homework

Planning, researching, writing, editing

Once your group has shared the research from your Group Investigation, then each individual will

report on the findings of the Group Investigation using the Report structure and template

provided.

1. Begin to plan your report using the documents called Report structure guidance for

students and Report structure and template. (You will find these in the LMS).

2. As you complete your initial planning, take note of remaining gaps in your research.

3. Complete further research, as needed, to help you complement the resources that were

gathered as part of the Group Investigation

4. Consult with your teacher, as needed, during the research and planning stages.

5. Write a first draft of your report; don’t forget to include citations and a reference list.

6. Proof-read and edit and get some peer feedback on the first draft of your report.

7. Submit your draft report to your teacher, via Turn It In, for feedback.

8. Use the feedback from your teacher, and peers, to review and edit your report.

9. Complete a final proof-read and edit of your report before the final submission date.

Reminders/Tips for the report process:

 While the Report structure might be a new skill and text type that you are learning, you can

still use the TEEEL structure for your paragraphs.

Marking Rubric – Report

Criteria 10

very high

9 8 – High 7 6- Medium 5 4- Low 3 2 – Very low 1 0*

The student
has
completed all
to a very high
standard

Very high
to high

The student
has
completed
to a high
standard

High to
Medium

The student
has completed
to a
satisfactory
standard

Medium
to low

The student
shows low
levels of
completion

Low to
very
low

The student
shows a very
low level of
completion

very low
to not
demonst
rated

The student
has
completed all
to a very high
standard

Very high
to high

The student
has
completed
to a high
standard

High to
Medium

The student
has completed
to a
satisfactory
standard

Medium
to low

The student
shows low
levels of
completion

Low to
very
low

The student
shows a very
low level of
completion

very low
to not
demonst
rated

The student
has
completed all
to a very high
standard

Very high
to high

The student
has
completed
to a high
standard

High to
Medium

The student
has completed
to a
satisfactory
standard

Medium
to low

The student
shows low
levels of
completion

Low to
very
low

The student
shows a very
low level of
completion

very low
to not
demonst
rated

Very High –
5

4.5 High – 4 3.5 Medium – 3 2.5 Low – 2 1.5 Very low – 1 .5 0*

The student
has
completed all
to a very high
standard

Very high
to high

The student
has
completed
to a high
standard

High to
Medium

The student
has completed
to a
satisfactory
standard

Medium
to low

The student
shows low
levels of
completion

Low to
very
low

The student
shows a very
low level of
completion

very low
to not
demonst
rated

The student
has
completed all
to a very high
standard

Very high
to high

The student
has
completed
to a high
standard

High to
Medium

The student
has completed
to a
satisfactory
standard

Medium
to low

The student
shows low
levels of
completion

Low to
very
low

The student
shows a very
low level of
completion

very low
to not
demonst
rated

Case Study Investigation
Has undertaken research by
identifying and analysing relevant
understandings and responses to
the issue at the local level.

Additional Research

Has extended this research using
additional resources to explore and
report on the issue at a National
and Global level.

Wider impacts

Has considered the impacts of this
issue through the pillars of
sustainability- social, economic and
environmental aspects

Criteria

Effective report writing
Demonstrates competence and
confidence in using the report
structure. All appropriate
subheadings used. All sections of
the report contain the relevant
information and address the
elements required. Entire report
contains a logical paragraph
structure and is easy to follow.

Referencing and citations

Provides complete and accurate
details for all sources using APA
style

* Not demonstrated Mark: /40

__MACOSX/Assignment Task/._Task sheet and rubric

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