Project
Please note the charts cannot have a zero or no data on it. If there is no data on a specific subject, please choose another. Revise and remember to write the data on the chart onto the essay and compare etc.
Page 2
Introduction
Numbers of healthcare indicators identified in milestone one provides a path for
milestones two and three. All the 25 indicators are sensitive public healthcare concerns that help
us to understand the severity of the problem and why it exists. The analysis of all the indicators
individually will explore the detailed information and victims of these indicators in the state and
the county. Eight indicators will be discussed in detail to evaluate why the disease is essential for
public health and how it is the priority concern of the public as well as healthcare organizations.
I. Deaths from Influenza & Pneumonia
Influenza is a most reactive viral infection that is also known as flu. It is a severe winter
illness that spreads rapidly from one individual to another through cough and sneezing.
Simultaneously, pneumonia is the viral infection of the lungs that cause problems in
breadthening because the air sacs of humans filled with liquid distort the way of oxygen towards
the bloodstream. In severe cases, the availability of too little oxygen in body cells and blood
leads to the victim’s sudden death. Influenza is the cause of pneumonia among young children or
adults, people having chronic illnesses, and pregnant women. On most grounds, influenza does
not approach severe limits that cause pneumonia, but when it does so, it could be deadly more
often (ALA, 2020). That is why Influenza & Pneumonia are leading causes of different states of
the United States, including Florida.
Influenza & Pneumonia are public health priorities because millions of people become
the victim of this disease yearly. The increased risk of the disease is higher than assumptions that
pose a burden over the state, and to limit that burden, Influenza & Pneumonia should remain a
public health priority. In recent years, with the increase in healthcare concerns of the general and
changing circumstances of the healthcare industry, influenza caught more attention because
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you must introduce this acronym first occurrence, but only if it is going to be used again: (American Lung Association [ALA], 2020)
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don’t refer to the milestones in the essay – the final paper will be one cohesive research paper
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research more – why a public health priority – and cite
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repeat paper title here, from title page; delete the word Introduction
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this whole sentence is not clear – rewrite more concise and clear – what is the point?
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citation? all statements of fact must be cited; this is a research paper which include no personal opinions
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delete the word “Page”
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rewrite this sentence; the paper does not explore the victims, just the health indicators
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Tell your reader what indicators will be presented in the paper – this is the main purpose of an introduction
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this should be the word and not a symbol
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use a proper APA Level 2 header – flush left no numbering
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as before, change to influenza and pneumonia
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Do not capitalize words that are not proper nouns or titles
Page 3
researchers say that if cases of influenza will be controlled, pneumonia will be uncontrolled
automatically. Another reason for being the priority is the possibility of increasing coronary heart
disease due to influenza. Thus, the focus is maintained through vaccination and other advanced
treatments (Ab Osterhaus, 2015).
Healthcare organizations offer different programs to reduce prevailing threats of
influenza and pneumonia. One important and widely implemented program at workplaces titled
“Multicomponent interventions that include education effective in improving immunization
rates” aims to make recommendations about vaccine education through different media sources,
client reminders for vaccination against influenza and pneumonia, and offer clinical education to
vaccine providers for effective outcomes (WHO, 2016). Another focus of this program is to
eliminate the extra costs of patients that serve as a burden over them.
II. Hepatitis B, Pregnant Women
Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by vaccine prevention through the Hepatitis B virus
(HBV). Hepatitis B spreads across the body when the infected person’s fluid-like blood with
Hepatitis B enters the body of another person who was not affected before. There are two types
of Hepatitis B; acute and chronic. Starting stages of Hepatitis B are termed sensitive. At this
stage, the virus can be recovered, or the body can be cleaned through procedures. While in the
chronic phase, the virus cannot be cleaned from the body immediately, leading to many other
fatal illnesses. The chances of liver cancer increase two-fold at this stage. Treatment at this stage
can be helpful to slow down infection only (Clinic, 2019).
Hepatitis B is a public health priority through its consequences for pregnant women. In
most cases, Hepatitis B transformed into the new-born baby and created complications for the
child and the mother. Many reports say that transformation of Hepatitis B to the baby can be
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this is not the title of the program – is this a description?
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as before – incorrect format for using an acronym – correct as previously noted
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incorrect
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citation?
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I don’t understand – rewrite and cite
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caused by vaccine prevention? this is unclear – rewrite this sentence
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expand and cite – what types of complications?
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citation? all statements of fact must be cited
Page 4
avoided by taking precautions seriously. Babies born to ladies having Hepatitis B should be
diagnosed with the vaccine within 24 hours to minimize the risk of transformation (Testing and
Treatment During Pregnancy, 2020). The second reason for Hepatitis B as the public health
priority is its rapid spread. Research says almost 350 million people suffer from this infectious
disease across the world (Maddrey, 2000).
A program titled “OUR NATIONAL IMPACT: Hep B United” is a national level
program in which all the states of the United States, including Florida, are performing their role
in reducing hep B through spreading awareness about vaccination, screening, and care to avoid
Hep B. This program is also an official partner of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
to work collectively to prevent and eliminate the disease from target areas (Testing and
Treatment During Pregnancy,
2020).
III. Deaths from Nutritional Deficiencies
The above indicator would be known as malnutrition, one of the growing healthcare
problems in developing countries worldwide. Nutritional deficiency is defined as insufficient
access to healthy and nutritious food, increasing the risk of death and severe illnesses. Nutritional
deficiency served as a direct cause of the end of 252 000 people in the state. Indicator statistics
reveal the higher threat of death from dietary deficiencies is in the state than in the county. The
reason behind this is poverty and insufficient access to nutritional and healthy food to everyone
at different locations (Broschat, 2012).
Deaths from Nutritional Deficiencies is a public concern due to numbers of direct deaths.
People in some regions of the state have no resources to fulfill their nutritional needs, and basic
food needs protein and other essential nutrition. Many community-based programs are
addressing the need for nutritionist food to avoid malnutrition. Still, these programs are also not
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incorrect – see reference list; fix throughout the paper
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rewrite this sentence – unclear
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do not abbreviate
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citation?
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more research is needed – cite this statement and include some data – what is the number of deaths?
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would be known, or is also known?
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unclear -rewrite and cite – how do you know they are not being managed with focus and concern?
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cite or delete – is this an opinion?
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rewrite this sentence – unclear
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missing comma
Page 5
managing the condition of the affected population with focus and concern, or the affected area
with malnutrition is medically neglected in the state (John B. Mason, 2006).
The program to prevent deaths from nutritional deficiency titled “International
Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention and Control (IMMPaCt) program” is working to bring
resources for affected populations and help them achieve optimal health. This program is
working since 2000 and aims to bring micronutrients into the diet of individuals globally (CDC,
2020).
IV. Traumatic brain injury deaths
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as the disruption of the normal functioning of the
brain caused from an accident, blow, bump, or any other sudden movement. The higher risk of
TBI is among children, and young people involved in different activities. It results when an
object enters brain tissue and disrupts its normal functioning. The classification of TBI is as mild
and severe. In mild TBI brain injury, the possibility of the damage is temporary, but the extreme
injury results in bleeding, bursting of tissues, and physical damage to the brain, leading to long-
term complications for the patient (MC, 2020).
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a public health concern with many TBI cases across the
state yearly. Yearly cases of TBI lead to permanent disability or severe damage to brain tissues.
For example, in 2014, there were 2.87 million TBI cases in emergency clinics, while 837,000
were dying due to severe TBI injuries (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). These
statistics show healthcare organizations are concerned about this health indicator to avoid
destruction at this level.
There is no defined program to prevent TBI, but tips and techniques to avoid TBI by the
CDC are available as guidance for everyone. “Brain Injury Safety Tips and Prevention” provides
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I am going to stop commenting here – you must apply the notes above to the rest of the paper
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very good
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incorrect
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missing a comma. Did you run this through Grammarly as required?
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destruction? can you think of a better word here?
Page 6
information on how traumatic brain injury can be avoided by wearing a helmet, using car booster
seats, etc. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).
V. Fertility Rate
The fertility rate is defined as the ability to produce children, and as a measure, it is
numbers of children that a female can produce throughout her lifespan demographically. The
fertility rate of the county is higher than the state that shows the threat of population increase by
the difference of 1.8. But compared to other forms of the United States, the fertility rate of
Florida is declining, bringing worrisome for the state. The working-age population gap is
increasing and bringing many other healthcare problems (T.J. Mathews, 2019).
The declining fertility rate is a public health priority because it is challenging the state in
many ways. Infertility, infant deaths, a decline in reproductivity, and the prevalence of
childlessness pose threats for the public. These concerns are not for healthcare organizations, but
the social and economic system of the country will have to face many challenges in coming years
(Bergström, 2017).
There are many policies and programs enacted by the state to increase the fertility rate,
including paid maternal leaves to motivate working women to have children, state funds for
growing children, social security funds, etc., are some policies and programs enacted to enhance
the fertility rate of the state (UNDESA, 2017).
VI. Suicide Deaths
It is another essential indicator worth discussion with the increasing trends of suicide
deaths, and many times the cause behind this is mental health problems including depression,
stress, etc. Suicide deaths are not only a social dilemma but a healthcare challenge that left
millions of people in pain yearly. Suicide is defined as the intentional killing of an individual
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incorrect, see reference list
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1.8 what? always include units with data or it has no meaning
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incorrect incorrect (Matthews, 2014) – please study APA in-text citation
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?? I don’t understand this statement – rewrite;
Page 7
supported by different social, personal, economic, or mental health issues. According to the
Global Burden of Disease study and World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 800 000
people commit suicide yearly (Hannah Ritchie, 2019).
Suicide is a public health priority due to its countless cases yearly and how it is damaging
individuals leading them to death. However, suicide is not a disease but still a concern of public
health because it is the end of the thinking capacity of human beings and one of the leading
causes of death across the world. Suicide deaths are higher in the state than in the county with
the challenges people face. It is concerned with healthcare organizations because the prevention
and elimination of suicide from society is the responsibility of mental health personnel. In
coming years, the dependence on mental health practitioners will increase due to the increasing
cases of suicide (Kerry L. Knox, 2004).
Suicide is a social dilemma, and to deal with it, there are many active programs. Most of
the programs deal with the awareness about this killing act and motivation to seek medical
assistance when you feel like something is wrong. The first program, titled “Prevention of
Suicidal Behavior” by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), aims to spread
awareness about recognizing behaviors that lead to suicide. Along with the recognition, the
program helps individuals to combat this problem (Mercy, 1992).
VII. Children experiencing sexual violence
Sexual abuse is an essential indicator of healthcare in the state because child sexual abuse
leads to many other healthcare problems and complications. It is an important indicator to
discuss because it is one of the staking realities in the modern world. Child and adolescent sexual
abuse are raising many healthcare threats and damaging the normal functioning of life among
victims. Dragging them into mental health crises is one of the most significant damaging
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comma? 800,000
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incorrect (Knox, 2004) – please study APA in-text citation
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incorrect (Richie, 2004) – please study APA in-text citation – you must carefully review this paper for all sources and correct throughout
Page 8
outcomes (Laura K. Murray, 2014). The definition of CSA is not straightforward because most
people perceive this reality in the wrong way. Child sexual abuse is a rare happening event, but
in fact, child sexual abuse is the most commonly occurring phenomenon exploiting children in
many ways. Survivors of CSA often need sensitive healthcare assistance to estimate the severity
of the issue (Havig, 2008).
CSA is a public health priority due to the numbers of challenges it is posing for children.
In most cases or depending on the age of the child facing sexual abuse, majority of children fail
to survive. And those who survive need acute care and protection from healthcare organizations.
Including mental, emotional, and physical health organizations serves all the needs of these
survivors. After the severe outcomes, gradual and compulsory treatment helps victims to come
back to everyday life. Increasing cases of healthcare abuse make it the healthcare priority.
Most of the active programs for the prevention of CSA are awareness seminars and
information through media that help children recognize a sexual touch and understand the
difference. The program titled “The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and
Interdiction” aims to protect individuals against sexual exploitation through information sharing
and other movements (Lynch, 2016).
VIII. Deaths from Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease is a heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart stop
offering oxygen-rich blood to the heart that restricts the normal functioning of the heart.
Coronary Heart Disease is a leading cause of death across the world. Arteries stop supplying
normal blood with the restrictions caused by the blood clots inside, the availability of waxy
substances, or the increase in cholesterol (Español, 2019). The prevalence of the problem is
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incorrect – please review proper APA in-text citation: (Murray, 2014)
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incorrect
Page 9
different from person to person through the stage of Coronary Heart Disease they are suffering
with.
Coronary Heart Disease is a leading cause of death, and this is why it is a priority public
health issue. However, the treatment for Coronary Heart Disease is available but still the
occurrence at the higher level along with other diseases including microvascular heart disease
and many others. Increasing threats of heart disease and death as an outcome are growing
concerns of healthcare organizations and the public. Advance treatment and medication are
considered the precautions (Español, 2019).
Many CDC prevention programs are used to spread awareness about treatment and be
careful of events that lead to this challenge. CDC supports patients in multiple ways and
challenges their activities (CDC Prevention Programs, 2020).
Conclusion
In conclusion, all the healthcare indicators identified above show the public is at risk for
all the healthcare indicators and the role of healthcare organizations is crucial to maintain safety.
Suicide, CSA, Coronary Heart Disease, fertility are some healthcare priorities that need
immediate focus to avoid complications. Healthcare and mental health organizations are under
tremendous stress facing challenges along with the public.
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incorrect
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citation? can you supplement this with research/data?
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incorrect – see reference list
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References
Ab Osterhaus, A. B. (2015). Why should influenza be a public health priority? PMID,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.049.
ALA. (2020). What Is The Connection Between Influenza and Pneumonia? American Lung
Association Scientific and Medical Editorial Review Panel, https://www.lung.org/lung-
health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/what-is-the-
connection#:~:text=Influenza%20(flu)%20is%20a%20highly,or%20inflammation%20of
%20the%20lungs.
Bergström, S. (2017). Reproductive failure as a health priority in the Third World: a review. East
After Med. J 69(4), https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1644025/.
Broschat, T. K. (2012). Nutrient Deficiencies of Landscape and Field-Grown Palms in Florida.
EDIS, https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep273.
CDC. (2020). Contributing CDC’s skills and resources for a healthier world without vitamin and
mineral deficiencies. CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/micronutrient-
malnutrition/about/index.html.
CDC Prevention Programs. (2020). https://www.heart.org/en/get-involved/advocate/federal-
priorities/cdc-prevention-programs.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Brain Injury Safety Tips and Prevention,
https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_prevention.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Surveillance Report of Traumatic Brain
Injury-related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths—the United
States, 2014,
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no acronyms on reference list – spell it out
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no acronyms on reference list – spell it out
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do not use acronyms on the reference list – correct throughout the list
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missing name of article or webpage as in previous entry
Page 11
https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/basics.html#:~:text=Traumatic%20brain%20in
jury%20(TBI)%20is,and%20cases%20of%20permanent%20disability.
The clinic, C. (2019). Hepatitis B. Cleveland Clinic,
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4246-hepatitis-b.
español, L. e. (2019). Coronary Heart Disease. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-
topics/coronary-heart-
disease#:~:text=Coronary%20heart%20disease%20is%20a,death%20in%20the%20Unite
d%20States.
Hannah Ritchie, M. R.-O. (2019). Suicide. World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/suicide.
Havig, K. (2008). The health care experiences of adult survivors of child sexual abuse: a
systematic review of evidence on sensitive practice.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838007309805.
John B. Mason, D. S. (2006). Community Health and Nutrition Programs. The International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11726/.
Kerry L. Knox, Y. C. (2004). If Suicide Is a Public Health Problem, What Are We Doing to
Prevent It? PMC, 37-45.
Laura K. Murray, A. N. (2014). Child Sexual Abuse. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 23(2),
331-337.
Lynch, L. (2016). The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction. US
Department of Justice, 1-45.
Maddrey, W. C. (2000). Hepatitis B: a significant public health issue. J Med Virol 61(3), 362-
366.
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incorrect – begin with last name; correct throughout
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?? again – who is authoring organization?
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incorrect – begin with last name
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incorrect – begin with last name; correct throughout
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?? – author – should be Cleveland Clinic Foundation – fix with in-text citation as well
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incorrect – begin with last name; correct throughout
Page 12
MC. (2020). Traumatic brain injury. Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20378557.
Mercy, P. W. (1992). Programs for the Prevention of Suicide Among Adolescents and Young
Adults. Youth suicide prevention programs: a resource guide. Atlanta: US Department of
Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1-16.
T.J. Mathews, M. a. (2019). Total Fertility Rates by State and Race and Hispanic Origin: the
United States, 2017. National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 68, Number 1, 1-11.
Testing and Treatment During Pregnancy. (2020). Hepatitis B Foundation,
https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/pregnancy-and-hbv/treatment-during-
pregnancy/.
UNDESA. (2017). Government policies to raise or lower the fertility level. United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1-2.
WHO. (2016). Programs | Flu & Pneumonia. WHO, cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-
strategies/flu-pneumonia/interventions/programs.html.
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again – do not use acronyms on the reference list – correct throughout the list
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incorrect
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incorrect format – always begin the entry with author or authoring organization
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incorrect format – begin with last name as with Mercy entry
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is this a correct web url?
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again – do not use acronyms on the reference list – correct throughout the list
Page 13
Appendix
Table 1: Reportable & Infectious Diseases, Rate Per 100,000 Population
Broward County Florida Differences
HIV/AIDS Diagnosis
(The year 2021)
15.1 8.8 6.3
Immunization levels in 4th
grade
(The year 2021)
97.6 95.3 2.3
Deaths from Influenza &
Pneumonia (the Year
2021)
6.9 8.4 1.5
Hepatitis B, Pregnant
Women (The year 2021)
24.5 10.9 13.6
Infectious Syphilis Cases
(The year 2021)
22.4 15.1 7.3
(Florida Department of Health, 2021)
Table 2: Chronic Diseases, Rate Per 100,000 Population
Broward County Florida Differences
Deaths from Coronary
Heart Disease (the Year
2021)
85.7 88.6 2.9
Deaths from Diabetes
(The year 2021)
17.5 19.7 2.2
Deaths from Nutritional
Deficiencies (The year
2021)
0.5 1.8 1.3
Deaths from Stroke
(The year 2021)
58.0 41.4 16.6
Female Breast Cancer
Cases at Advanced Stage
when Diagnosed
(The year 2021)
31.7 31.4 0.3
(Florida Department of Health, 2021)
Page 14
Table 3: Maternal and Child Health, Rate Per 100,000 Population
Broward County Florida Differences
Births to Mothers With 3rd
Trimester Prenatal Care
(The year 2021)
6.7 5.1 1.6
Traumatic brain injury
deaths ages 1-5 (The year
2021)
2.7 2.2 0.5
Fertility Rate
(The year 2021)
58.6 56.8 1.8
Asthma hospitalizations ages
1-5 (The year 2021)
561.1 476.6 84.5
Births covered by emergency
Medicaid (the Year 2021)
3.6 4.0 0.4
(Florida Department of Health, 2021)
Table 4: Injury & Violence, Rate Per 100,000 Population
Broward County Florida Differences
Suicide Deaths
(The year 2021)
11.2 14.5 3.3
Drug Poisoning Deaths
(The year 2021)
25.8 25.1 0.7
Deaths from Medical &
Surgical Care Complications
(The year 2021)
1.4 2.5 1.1
Homicide Deaths
(The year 2021)
7.3 6.7 0.6
Deaths from Motor Vehicle
Crashes (the Year 2021)
12.4 14.7 2.3
(Florida Department of Health, 2021)
Page 15
Table 5: Social & Behavioral Health, Rate Per 100,000 Population
Broward County Florida Differences
Non-fatal hospitalizations for
eating disorders ages 12-18
(The year 2021)
20.1 36.0 15.9
Youths Arrested
(The year 2021)
109.2 160.6 51.4
Deaths from Alcoholic Liver
Disease (the Year 2021)
4.5 6.3 1.8
Children experiencing sexual
violence ages 5-11
(The year 2021)
26.0 57.8 31.8
Hospitalizations for mood and
depressive disorders
(The year 2021)
585.3 499.4 85.9
(Florida Department of Health, 2021)