Discussion response

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please am looking for someone to help me with responding to my classmates discussion response .thanks

Question

Choose a project with a relatively simple description (building a LAN, designing a web page, inventing a new communication device, etc.).

 

Describe your project scope in a few sentences and then identify at least five significant varied risks associated with the project.  Be sure that at least one of them is a positive risk.

Would each of these risks be considered major, moderate, or minor? What degree of likelihood and impact leads you to that assessment? 

Would each risk be best addressed by risk avoidance, risk transfer, risk mitigation/reduction, risk sharing, or risk acceptance?

CLASSMATES RESPONSE:

Response 1 (Samuel)

Project:  Build a new Patient Portal for a medical practice   
 

Project Scope Statement: Create a new patient web portal where patients can access health records, manage appointments, request a virtual visit and view information about the practice

 

1. Usability – There is a broad breadth of users that might not be tech savvy in order to be able to navigate the page.  Additionally some users may have visual impairment

 

2.

a. Probability –Medium – We have patients that span all generations, so this might only be a subset

b. Impact – Low – Impact to the overall site would be low, but buy in for older or disabled customers may suffer.

c. Strategy – Limit – Use ADA and WCAG compliance software to validate that site follows best practices for HCI.  We could also prototype the interface and validate the majority of patients can navigate without issue

 

3. Regulatory compliance – HIPPA compliance will be an issue as records need to be managed and patient data will need to be protected according to law. This is related to technical complexity of compliance and interpretation (Maruping et al., 2019).

 

4.

d. Probability – High – Regulatory compliance impacts all medical operations and governs their ability to conduct operations

e. Impact –High – The amount for violations is high, so it would be best to completely avoid the risk

f. Strategy – Avoid/transfer- Hire experts to ensure that we are in compliance with the letter of the law.  If the site gets sued because of noncompliance, this transfers risk to the contractor

 

5. Security-  webserver attacks are frequent, the site may come under attack

 

6.

g. Probability- High- random scanning and tools makes automated attacks

h. Impact- High- This could shut down operations

i. Strategy- Limit – Establish security controls on password complexity or length or enforce two factor authentication, harden webserver by establishing firewall best practices

 

7. Durability – Too difficult for staff to update, needs to be easy to update content in order to stay relevant

a. Probability – Low – content managers have come a long way at being effective

b. Impact- Low – this would only impact visibility of operations and events but doesn’t otherwise impact patient experience.

c. Strategy- Limit- Use a friendly content management interface to allow a designated staff member with limited training to update notifications and generic events.

 

8. Capacity – if we have too many visitors because the site is successful, or requests concurrently, will we able to scale up?

d. Probability – Low – If we anticipate and budget additional capacity for another 50% growth over current patients, this should anticipate enough traffic.

e. Impact- High- This would cause the site not to function.

f. Strategy -Transfer Risk – can offset risk through outsourcing web hosting to a scalable cloud provider

Reference

 Maruping, L. M., Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Zhang, X. (2019). A Risk Mitigation Framework for Information Technology Projects: A Cultural Contingency Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(1), 120–157.

https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1080/07421222.2018.1550555

Response 2 (Babafemi)

Project risks are easily overlooked especially in IT projects because technology projects deal with real-time issues and solutions. Most IT project risks affect the product or company long after the execution phase of the project has been completed and the risk is often gradual. Moeini & Rivard (2019) reported that failure of IT projects can pose an existential threat to organizations and most project failures are manifestations/materializations of unaddressed risks. Technology Start-up companies are not exempted from the risk that faces IT projects and I will be discussing project risks to a tech start-up’s branding project.

The following Risks have been identified for this discussion:

1. Political/Social Trends

2. Identity theft

3. Merger & Acquisition

POLITICAL/SOCIAL TRENDS

A politician can adopt campaign slogans or icons that are similar to the sales slogan, icons, or brand colors of the organization or project. E.g Kraav MAGA company has been erroneously associated with the MAGA political campaign slogan, also an Egyptian company named ISIS was forced to change its identity because of a terrorist organization with a similar name. If this is not properly addressed, end-users may erroneously associate the neutral business organization or project as left or right-leaning. This risk cannot be avoided but can be reduced.

IDENTITY THEFT

A disgruntled current or former employee can expose the source images and libraries of the organization’s brand materials to the public. Competitors can also brand inferior products with the company’s identity. This risk can be avoided by legally protecting all brand materials.

MERGER & ACQUISITION

The brand may change if the start-up is acquired or merge with a bigger organization. This is a positive risk. This risk can be addressed by mitigation. 

Reference:

Maruping, L. M., Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Zhang, X. (2019). A Risk Mitigation Framework for Information Technology Projects: A Cultural Contingency Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(1), 120–157. 

https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1080/07421222.2018.1550555

Moeini, M., & Rivard, S. (2019). Responding—Or Not—To Information Technology Project Risks: An Integrative Model. MIS Quarterly, 43(2), 475–500. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.25300/MISQ/2019/14505

Question

1. This week’s readings relate to distributive bargaining/negotiation and the integrative negotiation process. Define both of these topics and discuss several differences between integrative and distributive negotiation situations.

2.Describe one integrative negotiation process OR distributive bargaining situation in which you have participated. Be sure you identify which type of negotiation process was involved. Cite the Week 8 readings as you analyze and describe the situation. [Professional/workplace examples are preferred.]

Classmates Response

Response 1 (SEYI)

Discussion 1: This week’s readings relate to distributive bargaining/negotiation and the integrative negotiation process. Define both of these topics, and discuss several differences between integrative and distributive negotiation situations.

The important differences between each negotiating type and gives advice on which one may be right for your negotiation.

Negotiation is a part of our everyday lives and our history⁠—from trading cards as kids to asking our boss for a salary raise or bargaining a purchase as adults. Sales training teaches how to negotiate price increases and to ask for discounts when we buy.

Our negotiation skills are also frequently used to maintain our personal relationships. Most of us have family and friends we organize things with, budget with, and bargain about bedtime with. At some level, we often negotiate without even realizing it.

Many people don’t like to negotiate, viewing the process as a hassle. We might think we’re avoiding the negotiation process. However, we usually end up negotiating anyway, without realizing it. So, we may as well learn how to negotiate well. Learning about the two main negotiation types is one effective way of learning the foundations of negotiation.

The two distinctive negotiation types are distributive negotiations and integrative negotiations. The Negotiation Experts’ sales course and purchasing negotiation training teach both methods. Both types are essential to negotiating successfully in business.

Distributive Negotiations – The Fixed Pie

The term distributive means a giving out or a scattering of value. By the nature of the business, there is a limited amount of what’s being distributed or divided. So, this type of negotiation is often referred to as “The Fixed Pie.” There is only so much to go around, and the proportion to be distributed is limited and variable.

How often has somebody shouted out, “Who wants the last piece of pizza?” Everyone looks at each other, then two or more hands rush to grab the last slice.

In the real world of negotiations, two teams enter discussions with the goal of claiming as much value as possible. The seller wants to go after the best price they can obtain. The buyer wants to pay the lowest price to achieve the best bargain. It’s good old-fashioned haggling.

A distributive negotiation usually involves starting talks with no pre-existing relationship. A long-term relationship is also unlikely to develop. Everyday examples include buying or selling a car or a house. The purchasing of products or services is a simple business example. Here, distributive negotiation bargaining is often employed.

Let’s say we’re dealing with someone unknown to us, and it’s a one-time-only occurrence. Except for the deal itself, there is no real benefit in investing in the relationship. So, we are generally less concerned with how the other person perceives us. We are also less concerned about how the other person might view our reputation. Our interests and the other side’s interests are usually self-serving.

Distributive Bargaining Basics

· Play your cards close to your chest – Give little or no information to the other side. The less the other negotiator knows about our interests, the better our position. This can include why we want to make the purchase, our preferences, or the point at which we’d decline the deal. Expressing eagerness or need reveals a weakness that could be exploited.

· The opposite is equally true – Try to obtain as much information from the other side as you can. Any further information uncovered is potential leverage to negotiate a better deal.

· Let the other side know you have options – The only information we should reveal is the fact we have options. This includes other sellers we can purchase from at a competitive price. Reminding the seller of their competition shows our willingness to walk if necessary. It also lets the seller know there will be no negative consequences for us.

· Make the first offer – Whatever the first offer is will generally act as a negotiation anchor. The anchor becomes the point on which the rest of the negotiation will likely revolve. Try to make the first offer to ensure discussions set off in your favor.

· Be realistic – Being too greedy or too stingy will likely result in no agreement. So, keep expectations realistic.

Integrative Negotiations – Everyone Wins Something

Integrative negotiations need a more developed type of business negotiation skills. For this reason, we typically start our negotiation skills training with simple distributive bargaining role-plays. We then build up to more complex team-based integrative negotiation role-plays.

The word integrative means to join several parts into a whole. Integration implies cooperation, or a joining of forces, to achieve something together. It usually involves a higher degree of trust and a forming of a relationship. Both teams want to walk away feeling they’ve achieved something that has value. Ideally, this means each team achieving what they want.

In the real world of business, the results often tilt in favor of one side over the other. This is because it’s unlikely that both sides will come to the table at equal strength when talks begin.

Nonetheless, there are many advantages when both teams take a cooperative approach. Skillful mutual problem-solving generally involves some form of making value-for-value concessions. This is usually in conjunction with creative problem-solving.

Generally, integrative negotiations are future-focused, with long-term relationships in mind. The aim of our on-site negotiation training is to create ongoing mutual gains. This mutually beneficial type of negotiation outcome is often described as a win-win scenario.

Integrative Negotiation Basics

· Multiple Issues – Integrative negotiations usually involve many issues that are up for discussion. Each side wants to get something of value while trading something of lesser value. In contrast, distributive negotiations generally revolve around the price or a single issue.

· Sharing – To understand each other’s situation, both sides should share as much information as possible. This helps each side understand the other’s interests. You can’t solve a problem without knowing the parameters. Cooperation is essential.

· Problem Solving – Find solutions to each other’s problems. For example, offer something valuable to the other side that is of lesser value to you. If you can make this trade while realizing your goal, you have integrated your problems into a positive solution.

· Bridge Building – More and more businesses are engaging in long-term relationships. Relationships offer greater security and the promise of future success.

Reference:

Sampson Quain. (2019, Feb. 05). Differences Between Distributive Bargaining & Integrative Bargaining. Retrieved from: 

https://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-distributive-bargaining-integrative-bargaining-11582.html

Pon Staff. (2021, Jan, 4). Integrative bargaining builds goodwill and trust. Retrieved from: 

https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/negotiation-skills-daily/negotiation-skills-expanding-the-pie-integrative-bargaining-versus-distributive-bargaining/

Response 2 (KAREN)

1. An example of distributive bargaining I’ve seen in the workplace relates to choosing between proposals for a project. In the scenario, there was a goal outlined by the project manager and the employees were divided into three teams. Each team was asked to develop a strategy for obtaining the goal with specific objectives. The project manager had the teams present their strategies and noted that only one strategy for each objective would be chosen, however the teams would all need to decide on which strategy to pursue (which ended up occurring through voting). The project manager did not give the option of integrating ideas from the different teams. This meant the teams needed to negotiate between themselves to convince the others that their strategy for a specific objective should be chosen. The results of this negotiation were that the teams ended up giving up their strategies for some objectives as long as the objective they felt most strongly about was accepted. An integrative approach may have been better in this scenario because the teams could have combined the best ideas for each objective’s strategy rather than deciding be

Reference

Chapter 10.5: Negotiations. (2012). In Organizational behavior. (v.1.1). Saylor Academy. 

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_organizational-behavior-v1.1/s14-05-negotiations.html