Drugs in society
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Chapter 8
Domestic Drug-Trafficking Organizations
Drugs in Society:
Causes, Concepts, and Control , 7th ed.
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The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science
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Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
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Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer
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Overview
This chapter will enable you to:
Distinguish between traditional and nontraditional organized crime
Learn about the origins of the criminal group known as the Mafia
Understand the role of outlaw motorcycle gangs in the illegal drug trade
Understand the role of youth gangs in the drug trade
Learn the origins of prison gangs and their involvement in the illicit drug trade
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TRADITIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME:
THE MAFIA
The Sicilian Mafia has established itself as Italy’s premier criminal group through corruption, assassination, extortion, and manipulation
Its criminal influence reaches around the globe,
with particular strength in Western Europe, North America, and South America
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Mafia Characteristics
Strict code of silence
Omerta ̶ dictates that family members never cooperate with government officials
Vendetta ̶ the code of retribution against anyone who attacked or insulted a member of the family
Giuseppe Esposito is credited as the founder in 1878 after arriving in New York and relocating to New Orleans
Gained power during Prohibition
Began the Mafia Commission in the 1930s
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The Mafia and the Drug Trade
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Mafia used France as a stopping point for the distribution of heroin ̶ known as the French Connection
By the 1980s, the Mafia’s biggest money maker was heroin
Large money-laundering schemes developed as well, the most noteworthy called the Pizza Connection
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Drug Smuggling by the Mafia
Wearing body packs of two to three kilograms of heroin and flying by plane
Heroin secreted in toys, statues, wheels of provolone cheese, film canisters, coffee machines, dry cell batteries, cans of baby powder, electronic appliances, mail, and clothing
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The Mafia Wars
During the 1920s, in Italy, Italian leader Mussolini attempted to “purge” the Mafia
The result…..a mass influx of Mafioso fleeing to the U.S and establishing criminal enterprises in New York City and along the east coast
However, there is much controversy over “if” the Mafia is real, or a fabricated story developed by law enforcement and the media
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Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) are organizations whose members use their motorcycle clubs as conduits for criminal enterprises
Highly structured and engage in a series of criminal activities
Well represented throughout the United States
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Groups Include
Bandidos – United States and 13 nations
Black Pistons – 20 states and numerous foreign nations
Hells Angels – 230 domestic chapters and over 26 foreign nations
Mongols – very violent, southwest and Pacific U.S.
Outlaws – 176 chapters and 12 foreign nations
Pagans – 41 chapters in 11 states
Vagos – U.S. & Mexico
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Youth Street Gangs
There are many difficulties from a law enforcement standpoint with youth gangs:
They are hard to define
They are hard to infiltrate because of the age of the group members
They are hard to prosecute because of the age of the group members
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Gangs
Membership in youth gangs is difficult to track as well. There aren’t commercials or drives to attract members.
Most youth gangs are filled by low-income and poorly educated youth who retreat to the gang for a sense of belonging (refer to the theories mentioned in Chapter 1)
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Prison Gangs
Prison gangs are criminal organizations that originated within the penal system, and they have continued to operate within correctional facilities throughout the United States
Many prison gangs operate in and outside of prison
Prison gangs are highly involved with narcotics and work closely with OMGs and street-level gangs as well
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Prison Gangs
Aryan Brotherhood – Although race is a factor with this group, they have paired with other non-white gangs to transport drugs across the United States
Barrio Azteca – made up of Mexican Nationalists – very violent
Black Guerrilla Family – Operation in the southwest U.S. and involved with cocaine and marijuana
Mexican Mafia
Nuestra Familia
Texas Syndicate
Others
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