Motivational Theories
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Thereare three motivational theories. These theories which include Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Frederick Hertzberg’s motivation – hygiene theory and David McClelland’s achievement based motivation theory. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy motivation of a person is based on predetermined hierarchy of needs (McGuire, 2012). This type of theory identified basic human needs in an ascending order which include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. According this theory, human being is a wanting creature, wants more and more. When one want is satisfied, then the next level of wants need to be satisfied. In addition, when a certain want is satisfied, it can no longer act as a motivator of particular behavior hence only unsatisfied needs can motivate a person. Hertzberg’s motivational hygiene theory indicates the way to the industry to raise performance through increased job satisfaction (Herzberg et al.,2011). It mainly operates through building strong motivation and high satisfaction of job. It has two sets of job conditions which include ‘Hygiene Factors’ and ‘Motivating Factors’. Hygiene factors prevent loses in performance of employees because of work restrictions. They are also known as maintenance factors. On the other hand, motivating factors satisfy and yield high performance in employees. David McClelland achievement motivation theory suggest that every individual has one of three main driving motivators, which include achievement, power or affiliation. Moreover, these motivators are development through culture and experience of life (McClelland.,2015).
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy motivation theory has pyramid nature with five levels of want while Hertzberg’s motivational hygiene theory has categories that affect motivation; motivators and hygiene factors. On the other hand David McClelland achievement motivation theory is based on three types of motivational needs which include achievement, power and affiliation wants. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy motivation theory wants are arranged in ascending order while Hertzberg’s motivational hygiene theory focus on two factors that have positive and negative satisfaction. On the other hand, David McClelland achievement motivation theory has strong want for feedback of what has been achieved and the progress. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy motivation theory is applicable in today world work by employees having various wants and each of those wants have different levels. Before employees search for recognition they will seek for basic needs first like food, clothing and shelter. Wants of employees are satisfied according to their different levels.
Hawthorne studies resulted to development of Human Relations Movement in business management. This studies was about measuring the impact of various working conditions by the company itself like payment systems, levels of lighting and hours of work on the output of workers. Observation of Hawthorne studies was starting of importance of management style as a main contributor to productivity of industry. Another observation was interpersonal skills being vital as monetary incentives.
References
McClelland, D. C. (2015). The achievement motive.
McGuire, K. J. (2012). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. An introduction. GRIN Verlag
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2011). The motivation to work. Transaction Publishers.