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Modules/Module3/Mod3Home.html
Module 3 – Home
Product Innovation
Modular Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to satisfy the following outcomes:
Case
Explain how product innovation is both like and unlike process innovation.
Describe the product life cycle and innovation characteristics.
Identify several different strategies for making product innovation decisions.
Consider the creation of the iPhone as exemplifying key aspects of product innovation.
SLP
Use your information-gathering strategy to obtain most of the sources that you will need to cite in your literature review.
Begin to develop the language of your literature review.
Discussion
Share your experiences with your colleagues about finding and/or not finding the sources you are seeking, and ways you may have modified your information-gathering strategy as a result of obtaining or not obtaining the information.
Try to help your colleagues develop solutions to difficulties that they might present.
Module Overview
In this module, we turn to what most people probably think of when they hear the term “innovation” – that is, new products and services introduced into the market. Sometimes these represent relatively minor variations on the things currently available, proclamations of “New! Improved! Better for your teeth!” notwithstanding. These products may not be all that different from previous products, but if they reach new sections of the market that have currently not been tapped by existing products, then they are certainly innovations to those who adopt them. A significantly large portion of organizational innovation in the product/service area involves these kinds of incremental changes. Over time, they can add up to rather substantial changes, even if the changes are not necessarily visible at the time.
On the other hand, there are the relatively few instances of major and significant new products and services that have never been seen before. These involve a learning curve for virtually all adopters, and frequently have consequences that are well beyond those foreseen by even their developers, let alone their users. The Model T Ford was not just an improved kind of buggy, regardless of how it might have seemed to its buyers and even its sellers. Rather, it was a completely revolutionary kind of transportation that provided unprecedented freedom and access to the world to those willing to invest in both the relatively modest cost of the car and the much more significant amount of new knowledge acquisition required to be able to use it effectively. Such completely revolutionary products do not come along frequently, but when they do, their effects can be enormous and felt across all societies.
Arguably, the most significant new innovative product of the last 20 years or so is the iPhone. When we factor in the other kinds of smart phones that tag into the initial idea of the iPhone, we have a relatively simple product that has dramatically changed the nature of world communications and information processing generally, and offers the possibility of still more revolutionary changes to come.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the iPhone is that it really is not primarily a phone at all. When it was introduced, people said, “What does Apple know about telephones? They are a computer company.” And they were in fact right. The iPhone was developed and sold as a new kind of phone, but it actually was a small handheld computer that happened to have telephone facilities built into it. Most people who initially bought it thought it was a telephone, but quickly discovered that it was actually a computer with resources far beyond anything anyone ever associated with the telephone before. In fact, its phone functions are perhaps the smallest and least interesting aspects of its current function in society. People bought iPhones who never could have been persuaded to buy a “small handheld computer” – but their lives have been nonetheless transformed by those computer-like actions.
What can we learn by examining the history of this particular product and how people have learned how to use it? And what can we learn about introducing other new and potentially revolutionary products to the market – a market in which the vast majority of new products either fail to acquire sufficient buyers or never live up to their initial billing? How revolutionary can we be, and how can we ever expect to understand the impacts of the revolutions we stimulate?
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Modules/Module3/Mod3Background.html
Module 3 – Background
Product Innovation
Video material
3 Lessons on Innovation We Can Learn from Jeff Bezos’ Success. Gala 2017. https://youtu.be/LqL3tyCQ1yY . Available at https://blog.hypeinnovation.com/3-lessons-on-innovation-from-jeff-bezos
Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Rare. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QnfWhtujPA
Steve Jobs announcing the first iPhone in 2007. https://youtu.be/wGoM_wVrwng
Required Reading
Im, S., Montoya, M., &Workman, J. (2012) Antecedents and Consequences of Creativity in Product Innovation Teams. Journal of Product Innovation and Management. 30(1) 170-185. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bc15/2ff392741f467a39868d104ad13cdd79ea3c
Dohrmehl, L. (2017) Relive 10 years of amazing iPhone innovation. CultOfMac. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://www.cultofmac.com/461109/today-in-apple-history-celebrate-10-years-of-iphone-goodness/
Neilson, J. (2014) 10 Innovation Lessons From Steve Jobs And Apple: Story of the iPhone [And The Theory of Integrative Innovation]. The Innovative Manager. May 21. Retrieved October 21, 2017, from https://www.theinnovativemanager.com/innovation-lessons-steve-jobs-apple-story-iphone/
Optional Reading
Sarwar, M. and Soomro, T. (2013) Impact of smartphones on society. European Journal of Scientific Research. 98(2):216-226. Retrieved November 15, 2017, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2c28/0b6a690442a97a571e09b2404e2d21720db4
Verstraete, G. (2015) Mapping the rise of the iPhone: Between phones and mobile media. NECSUS. European Journal of Media Studies. 3(1):21-41. Retrieved November 15, 2017, from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/aup/necsus/2014/00000003/00000001/art00003?crawler=true
Lee, E. and Yazdanifard, R. (2015) How the adaptation of evolving technology can cope with the ever changing demand of consumers? Journal of Research in Marketing. 4(2). Retrieved November 15, 2017, from http://jormonline.com/index.php/jorm/article/viewFile/116/45
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Modules/Module3/Mod3Case.html
Module 3 – Case
Product Innovation
Assignment Overview
In the case for this module, you will be investigating the development, marketing, and use of the iPhone as an example of product innovation. In the readings, you will find several descriptions of the overall product innovation process, as well as some of the history of the iPhone. You are encouraged to seek out other sources of information on this topic as well.
Case Assignment
Prepare a 5- to 7-page paper in accordance with the following Assignment Expectations on the topic:
“What we can and can’t learn about product innovation from the experience of the iPhone”
In this paper, you should use the experiences of the iPhone as illustrations of your general points, but your focus should be on product innovation in general rather than on the iPhone alone. What about the iPhone experience has been typical of major new product innovations? What about this experience has been different from what might’ve been expected? What lessons can other product innovators learn by examining the iPhone experience? Are there any lessons that they might be tempted to learn from the iPhone that would be false and/or misleading? Please conclude with a couple of paragraphs summarizing the current general state of understanding of the product innovation process and how it can be potentially improved.
Assignment Expectations
Length: The written component of this assignment should be 5-7 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.
As you complete your assignment, make sure you do the following:
Answer the assignment questions directly.
Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials.
Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions.
Cite at least five credible resources.
Reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11-14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
Assignment-driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem, and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in text citations and the reference list.
Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
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Modules/Module3/Mod3SLP.html
Module 3 – SLP
Product Innovation
During Module 3, you will proceed to implement your source-gathering strategy by collecting or at least examining and recording the key sources that you will be citing in your literature review. It is expected that you may need to modify your strategy in some ways, if you are having difficulty obtaining the kind of information you seek. During this module, you want to assemble the bulk of the material you put into your literature review. You will also begin to develop paragraphs for the review as you read and review your sources and fit them into the proposed structure of your review.
As your SLP submission for this module, you are to prepare a short paper describing your success or lack thereof in obtaining materials that you need and your success or lack thereof in finding within the sources the support material you need for your draft (quotations, etc.) You need to include at least one sample paragraph from your literature review draft that you are assembling, in which you use sources for the purpose of reviewing literature. The aim of this part of the submission is to show that you can in fact construct a suitable literature review paragraph based around your sources.
You should also include any additional information about the progress of your project overall, including difficulties that you might be facing, changes that might need to be made in your draft, and any help that you might need from your instructor as you move toward a complete draft of the literature review.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Length: The written component of this assignment should be 3-4 pages long (double-spaced) without counting the cover page and reference page.
Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to the questions.
Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standard guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity. We encourage you to use tools such as grammarly.com and proofread your paper before submission.
As you complete your assignment, make sure you do the following:
Answer the assignment questions directly.
Stay focused on the precise assignment questions. Do not go off on tangents or devote a lot of space to summarizing general background materials.
Use evidence from your readings to justify your conclusions.
Cite at least five credible resources.
Reference your sources of information with both a bibliography and in-text citations. See the Student Guide to Writing a High-Quality Academic Paper, including pages 11-14 on in-text citations. Another resource is the “Writing Style Guide,” which is found under “My Resources” in the TLC Portal.
Your assignment will be graded using the following criteria:
Assignment-driven Criteria: Student demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment.
Critical Thinking/Application to Professional Practice: Student demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem, and analyzing information. Conclusions are logically presented and applied to professional practice in an exceptional manner.
Business Writing and Quality of References: Student demonstrates mastery and proficiency in written communication and use of appropriate and relevant literature at the doctoral level.
Citing Sources: Student demonstrates mastery applying APA formatting standards to both in text citations and the reference list.
Professionalism and Timeliness: Assignments are submitted on time.
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Modules/Module3/Mod3Objectives.html
Module 3 – Outcomes
Product Innovation
Module
Distinguish between product and process innovation, and compare how each type interacts with various parts of the organization.
Complete a draft of the literature review section for your doctoral project proposal.
Case
Explain how product innovation is both like and unlike process innovation.
Describe the product life cycle and innovation characteristics.
Identify several different strategies for making product innovation decisions.
Consider the creation of the iPhone as exemplifying key aspects of product innovation.
SLP
Use your information-gathering strategy to obtain most of the sources that you will need to cite in your literature review.
Begin to develop the language of your literature review.
Discussion
Share your experiences with your colleagues about finding and/or not finding the sources you are seeking, and ways you may have modified your information-gathering strategy as a result of obtaining or not obtaining the information.
Try to help your colleagues develop solutions to difficulties that they might present.
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Table of Contents.html
DOC660 Innovation and Creativity in Business (WIN2021-1) – Module 3: Product Innovation
1. Home
2. Background
3. Case
4. SLP
5. Learning Outcomes