Quiz 4, Quiz 5 And Quiz 6

Quiz 4

 Use the document entitled (“Morals of the Manufacturers” ) to answer this question.

Why do you think Martineau was concerned with the morals of the factory owners?  Did their morals, or lack thereof, contradict any principles of the American political consciousness?  Please be as specific as possible.

Quiz 5

 Use the document entitled (“Gettysburg Address” ) to answer this question.

How did the Gettysburg Address change the nature and purpose of the Civil War?  Please be as specific as possible.

Quiz 6

 Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist during the Civil War era.  Click on the links below to help you complete the quiz.  What do you think the author/artist was trying to convey with respect to the process of Reconstruction?  Please be as specific as possible.  

Links: 

https://blackhistory.harpweek.com/7Illustrations/Reconstruction/ThisIsAWhiteMansGov.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colored_rule

“Moralsof the Manufacturers,” by Harriet Martineau, 1837

The morals of the female factory population may be expected to be good when it is considered of

what class it is composed. Many of the girls are in the factories because they have too much

pride for domestic service. Girls who are too proud for domestic service as it is in America, can

hardly be low enough for any gross immorality: or to need watching; or not to be trusted to avoid

the contagion of evil example. To a stranger, their pride seems to take a mistaken direction, and

they appear to deprive themselves of a respectable home and station, and many benefits, by their

dislike of service: but this is altogether their own affair. They must choose for themselves their

way of life. But the reasons of their choice indicate a state of mind superior to the grossest

dangers of their position.

I saw a bill fixed up in the Waltham mill which bore a warning that no young lady who attended

dancing-school that winter should be employed: and that the corporation had given directions to

the overseer to dismiss any one who should be found to dance at the school. I asked the meaning

of this; and the overseer’s answer was, “Why, we had some trouble last winter about the dancing-

school. It must, of course, be held in the evening, as the young folks are in the mill all day. They

are very young, many of them; and they forget the time, and everything but the amusement, and

dance away till two or three in the morning. Then they are unfit for their work the next day; or, if

they get properly through their work, it is at the expense of their health. So we have forbidden

the dancing-school; but, to make up for it, I have promised them that, as soon as the great new

room at the hotel is finished, we will have a dance once a fortnight. We shall meet and break up

early; and my wife and I will dance; and we will all dance together.”

I was sorry to see one bad and very unnecessary arrangement, in all the manufacturing

establishments. In England, the best friends of the poor are accustomed to think it the crowning

hardship of their condition that solitude is wholly forbidden to them. It is impossible that any

human being should pass his life as well as he might do who is never alone,–who is not

frequently alone. This is a weighty truth which can never be explained away. The silence,

freedom and collectedness of solitude are absolutely essential to the health of the mind; and no

substitute for this repose (or change of activity) is possible. In the dwellings of the English poor,

parents and children are crowded into one room, for want of space and of furniture. All wise

parents above the rank of poor, make it a primary consideration so to arrange their families as

that each member may, at some hour, have some place where he may enter in, and shut his door,

and feel himself alone. If possible, the sleeping places are so ordered. In America, where space is

of far less consequence, where the houses are large, where the factory girls can build churches,

and buy libraries, and educate brothers for learned professions, these same girls have no private

apartments, and sometimes sleep six or eight in a room, and even three in a bed. This is very bad.

It shows a want of inclination for solitude; an absence of that need of it which every healthy

mind must feel, in a greater or less degree.

Now are the days when these gregarious habits should be broken through. New houses are being

daily built: more parents are bringing their children to the factories. If the practice be now

adopted, by the corporations, or by the parents who preside over separate establishments, of

partitioning off the large sleeping apartments into small ones which shall hold each one

occupant, the expense of partitions and windows and trouble will not be worth a moment’s

consideration in comparison with the improvement in intelligence, morals, and manners, which

will be found to result from such an arrangement. If the change be not soon made, the American

factory population, with all its advantages of education and of pecuniary sufficiency, will be

found, as its numbers increase, to have been irreparably injured by its subjection to a grievance

which is considered the very heaviest to which poverty exposes artisans in old countries.

TheGettysburg Address, by Abraham Lincoln, 1863.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so
dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground. The
brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they
did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought
here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here
gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in
vain that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by
the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.