1000 words report

I want someone to write a 1000 words report about my presentation 

The aim of this 1000-word report is to develop ideas discussed and questions asked during the delivery of the presentation. This will allow the development of analytical and critical investigative skills, along with skills of communication and presentation. This can be written in the style of a mini essay, in which you can further elaborate on concepts raised in the presentation, and also offer references to the relevant resources used.

I have attached the presentation  

22\03\2021

Globalised Crime

: deviant
globalisation
Nayef, Marrium, Raluca

•

Globalisation is essentially the
process by which the world is
becoming increasingly
interconnected due to the
flexibility and acceptance of
global culture and trade. When
the topic of deviant globalisation
comes up, the hint is towards
international crime, arguably the
largest threat facing the world
today.

•

Globalised Crime

• The most common and recognised globalised crimes are smuggling, human
trafficking, drug abuse and illicit trades of various resources as well as
cybercrime, a relatively new but deadly addition. Some humanitarian
globalised crimes involve, war crimes, crimes against humanity, tortures and
terrorism. Such examples of globalised crimes exist in China with the
expansion of ‘re-education camps’ where people of the Uighur minority are
targeted and are put through heinous experiences such as rape, sexual
harassment and in general inmates undergo a cultural and ethnic genocide.
This is all done in the name of ‘re-educating’, according to Chinese
authorities.

•

• The Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD) has recently estimated
that the international trade in
counterfeit and stolen goods
amounts to as much as half a
trillion dollars, showing a
substantial thriving economy for
criminals.

•

• The impact of international crime and deviant globalisation on IR has long
been impactful but has not been investigated in the way it should be. This
view is supported by Andreas, P. (2004) where he talks about the lack of
action taken on illicit trades ‘Another indicator of such oversight is the limited
coverage of illicit economy-related issues on IPE syllabi and reading lists in
graduate and undergraduate courses’. Not only is deviant globalisation and
international crime not discussed enough in Politics today but it is also not
taught as much as it should be academically, limiting the possibility of future
students to actively participate in resolving this issue.

•

• During the last two decades, neoliberal
globalization has resulted in significant growth in
transnational crimes such as global terrorism,
trafficking in antiquities, people and drugs,
immigrant smuggling, and money laundering.
The lives of everyone today, and particularly our
consuming habits, have become more and more
globalized. Globalization has become an
everyday world but is of considerable relevance,
and touches upon several larger issues and
problems like inequality between countries,
between North and South, inequalities of social
class and genders, democratization and
international relations. It also generates strong
negative reactions and even criminal acts of
opposition to it. Globalization also touches on
crime, crime policy and their effects on society.

• Key factors that have favored and are favoring
transnational crime.

Globalization, Transnational crimes
and its key factors

Post-Cold War

• The end of the Cold War resulted in the breakdown of political and economic
barriers not only in Europe but also around the world. This relative peace has
allowed international criminals to expand their networks and increase their
cooperation in illicit activities and financial transactions, like the collapse of
the Soviet Union, threw thousands of state employees onto the labor market.
All sorts of operatives were now unemployed, like counterintelligence officers,
special forces commandos and border guards, which all had valuable skills
against organized crime. This also ensured a steady supply of women for
Western Europe and other markets and gave criminal gangs profitable areas
for their activities like the sex trade, smuggling of cigarettes and other goods,
drug trafficking and more.

• international criminals have the
capability to use advanced
computers and
telecommunications systems to
make marketing strategies for
drugs and other illicit, to map the
fastest and most efficient routes
and methods for smuggling and
moving money in the financial
system, and to create false trails
mislead law enforcement or
banking security

Using the World Wide Web and
related technology

• modern telecommunications and
information systems are easily
used by criminal networks to
pose as legal businesses. This
communication equipment
facilitates international crimes
including making deals and
coordinating large volumes of
illicit trades. An example can be
disposable phones which are
very affordable and cannot be
traced by the law enforcement,
so it gives the criminal security.

Technological advances

• increasing the economic
independence and boosting the
trade market has helped many
countries be more competitive in the
global marketplace. However,
criminal have taken advantage of
this independence by creating their
own quasi-legitimate businesses to
help smuggling, money laundering,
financial frauds, piracy and identity
theft. They also have taken
advantage of the increased volume
of international and legitimate trade,
especially between North America,
Europe and Asia, to smuggle guns,
drugs, people and other contraband.

Economic and trade liberalization

International Travel
• the lowering of costs of international travel, the freedom of movement, the easing

of the visa restrictions between some countries to promote commerce and
tourism has actually opened a door for facilitated criminal activity. Criminals now
have a great choice of travel routes and can arrange itineraries so as to minimize
risk. Especially in places like the European Union where most border controls
between countries have disappeared.

• However even where there is still an international border, like between Mexico and
the U.S.A., traffic in both directions through the border is quite heavy as well.
About 700,000 persons cross that Mexico-U.S. border every day along with 150
million vehicles a year and over 5 million shipping containers. This being a very
large volume of traffic in and out of the country it provides criminals the
opportunity to traffic contraband like drugs and counterfeit products across the
border, and also allows them to export firearms, stolen vehicles and others
overseas.

• Globalized crime is one of the major threats
which the world faces today. Globalization is
basically, a transnational organized crime threat
assessment. Some of the main types of
globalized crime which are known in all parts of
the world are migrant smuggling, human
trafficking, cocaine trades, illicit heroin trade,
maritime piracy, cybercrime as well as trafficking
of firearms and environmental resources
(Galeotti, 2004). It is believed that there is a
huge profit that the smugglers of these kinds of
illegal drugs are able to make while doing these
kinds of practices. The demand for cocaine has
seen a general rise over the years in various
parts of the world. This is indeed an alarming
situation and has increased the interests of the
smugglers in this globalized crime (Nader, 2003).

Examples

• One of the most well-known examples of globalized crime is the smuggling of cocaine.
Huge amounts of cocaine are smuggled by the mean of ships as well as planes from the
region of Latin America to different countries. The Latin American countries which are
popular in this regard or are the main source or suppliers of cocaine are Brazil, Venezuela,
Peru, and Colombia. The cocaine is smuggled to West Africa and other Central as well as
South Asian countries as well. Some of the East African countries also become a part of
this smuggling process as cocaine has a market there as well (Galeotti, 2004).

• The drugs make their way into various countries in one way or the other. The West African
region then supplies the drugs to its primary drug consumer markets which are located in
the United States of America and Europe. In accordance with the statistics from the 2018
UNODC`s world drug report, the overall quantity of cocaine which is seized in the African
region was doubled in the year 2016. The countries located in the North African region
were observed to have a six-fold increase in cocaine smuggling and therefore, it
accounted for around 69 percent of the total cocaine which was seized in the year 2016 in
the continent.

• According to Interpol`s World Atlas of
the illicit flows, there are a handful of
countries that are known as transit
hubs for various drug trafficking which
includes cocaine. These countries are
Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, the
Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Algeria,
Morocco, and Libya. Another country
that is regarded as a primary source for
various drugs is India. Other countries
which have seen a drastic increase in
the demand of these illegal drugs are
Nigeria, Chad, and Mali. Niger, Togo,
and Benin have been reported as vital
transit hubs for cocaine smuggling
recently. It can be stated that cocaine
smuggling is one of the major
globalized crimes which the world has
to deal with these days (Galeotti, 2004).

Bibliography
• Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza Vol. III – N. 3, Vol. IV – N. 1,

5-8 – Settembre 2009–Aprile 2010. Emilio C. Viano

• Globalization, Transnational Crime and State Power: The Need for a New
Criminology

• Nader, L. (2003). Crime as a category—Domestic and globalized. Crime’s
Power, 55-76. doi:10.1057/9781403980595_3

• Galeotti, M. (2004). Introduction: Global crime today. Global Crime, 6(1), 1-7.
doi:10.1080/1744057042000297936

Who’s responsibility is it to handle
questions regarding crime, Is it the
state’s responsibility or the nations?