Research 7

Instructions

Final Project

Now that you have completed the first six assignments, it is time to complete your research project for the course. Include the following sections in your submission.

• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Statement of the Problems
• Literature Review
• Research Objectives
• Research Questions and Hypotheses
• Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

  Research Methodology
  Research Design
  Research Methods
  Data Collection Methods
  Sampling Design
  Data Analysis Procedures

• Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
• Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
• Findings
• Recommendations
• References

Please follow the Unit VII project template

here

to complete your assignment.

Please refer to the Course Project Guidance document here for help.

The title and reference pages do not count toward the page requirement for this assignment. This assignment should be no less than three pages in length, follow APA-style formatting and guidelines, and use references and citations as necessary.

Running head: INSERT TITLE HERE 1

INSERT TITLE HERE 11

Insert Title Here

Insert Your Name Here

Insert University Here

Table of Contents

Include the table of contents here. There is a tool for creating a table of contents in the

References

tab of the Microsoft Word tool bar at the top of the screen. Delete this before you begin.

Executive Summary

The executive summary will go here. The paragraphs are not indented, and it should be formatted like an abstract. The executive summary should be composed after the project is complete. It will be the final step in the project. Delete this before you begin.

Introduction

Note: The following introduction should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete this note before you begin.

Senior leadership at Sun Coast has identified several areas for concern that they believe could be solved using business research methods. The previous director was tasked with conducting research to help provide information to make decisions about these issues. Although data were collected, the project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that project and includes the statement of the problems, literature review, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses, research methodology, design, and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommendations.

Statement of the Problems

Note: The following statement of the problems should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete this note before you begin.

Six business problems were identified:

Particulate Matter (PM)

There is a concern that job-site particle pollution is adversely impacting employee health. Although respirators are required in certain environments, PM varies in size depending on the project and job site. PM that is between 10 and 2.5 microns can float in the air for minutes to hours (e.g., asbestos, mold spores, pollen, cement dust, fly ash), while PM that is less than 2.5 microns can float in the air for hours to weeks (e.g. bacteria, viruses, oil smoke, smog, soot). Due to the smaller size of PM that is less than 2.5 microns, it is potentially more harmful than PM that is between 10 and 2.5 since the conditions are more suitable for inhalation. PM that is less than 2.5 is also able to be inhaled into the deeper regions of the lungs, potentially causing more deleterious health effects. It would be helpful to understand if there is a relationship between PM size and employee health. PM air quality data have been collected from 103 job sites, which is recorded in microns. Data are also available for average annual sick days per employee per job-site.

Safety Training Effectiveness

Health and safety training is conducted for each new contract that is awarded to Sun Coast. Data for training expenditures and lost-time hours were collected from 223 contracts. It would be valuable to know if training has been successful in reducing lost-time hours and, if so, how to predict lost-time hours from training expenditures.

Sound-Level Exposure

Sun Coast’s contracts generally involve work in noisy environments due to a variety of heavy equipment being used for both remediation and the clients’ ongoing operations on the job sites. Standard ear-plugs are adequate to protect employee hearing if the decibel levels are less than 120 decibels (dB). For environments with noise levels exceeding 120 dB, more advanced and expensive hearing protection is required, such as earmuffs. Historical data have been collected from 1,503 contracts for several variables that are believed to contribute to excessive dB levels. It would be important if these data could be used to predict the dB levels of work environments before placing employees on-site for future contracts. This would help the safety department plan for procurement of appropriate ear protection for employees.

New Employee Training

All new Sun Coast employees participate in general health and safety training. The training program was revamped and implemented six months ago. Upon completion of the training programs, the employees are tested on their knowledge. Test data are available for two groups: Group A employees who participated in the prior training program and Group B employees who participated in the revised training program. It is necessary to know if the revised training program is more effective than the prior training program.

Lead Exposure

Employees working on job sites to remediate lead must be monitored. Lead levels in blood are measured as micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL). A baseline blood test is taken pre-exposure and postexposure at the conclusion of the remediation. Data are available for 49 employees who recently concluded a 2-year lead remediation project. It is necessary to determine if blood lead levels have increased.

Return on Investment

Sun Coast offers four lines of service to their customers, including air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training. Sun Coast would like to know if each line of service offers the same return on investment. Return on investment data are available for air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety training projects. If return on investment is not the same for all lines of service, it would be helpful to know where differences exist.

Literature Review

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include the literature review information here. Delete this before you begin.

Research Objectives

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include research objectives here. Delete this before you begin.

RO1:

RO2:

RO3:

RO4:

RO5:

RO6:

Research Questions and Hypotheses

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should state the research questions and hypotheses. Delete this before you begin.

RQ1:

H01:

HA1:

RQ2:

H02:

HA2:

RQ3:

H03:

HA3:

RQ4:

H04:

HA4:

RQ5:

H05:

HA5:

RQ6:

H06:

HA6:

Research Methodology, Design, and Methods

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should detail the research design they have selected. Use the following subheadings to include all required information. Delete this before you begin.

Research Methodology

Research Design

Research Methods

Data Collection Methods

Sampling Design

Data Analysis Procedures

Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should provide the Excel Toolpak results of their descriptive analyses. Use the following subheadings to include all required information. Delete this before you begin.

Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Multiple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Independent Samples t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

ANOVA: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should provide the Excel Toolpak results of their hypothesis testing. Use the following subheadings to include all required information. Delete this before you begin.

Correlation: Hypothesis Testing

Simple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Testing

Independent Samples t Test: Hypothesis Testing

Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t Test: Hypothesis Testing

ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing

Findings

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should discuss the findings in the context of Sun Coast’s problems and the associated research objectives and questions. Important Note: Students should refer to the information presented in the Unit VII Study Guide and the Unit VII Syllabus instructions to complete this section of the project. Restate each research objective, and discuss them in the context of your hypothesis testing results. The following are some things to consider. What answers did the analysis provide to your research questions? What do those answers tell you? What are the implications of those answers? Delete these statements before you begin.

Example:

RO1: Determine if a person’s height is related to weight.

The results of the statistical testing showed that a person’s height is related to their weight. It is a relatively strong and positive relationship between height and weight. We would, therefore, expect to see in our population taller people having a greater weight relative to those of shorter people. This determination suggests restrictions on industrial equipment should be stated in maximum pounds allowed rather than maximum number of people allowed.

RO2:
RO3:
RO4:
RO5:
RO6:

Recommendations

After providing a brief introduction to this section, students should include recommendations here in paragraph form. This section should be your professional thoughts based upon the results of the hypothesis testing. You are the researcher, and Sun Coast’s leadership team is relying on you to make evidence-based recommendations. Delete these statements before you begin.

References

Include references here using hanging indentations, and delete these statements and example reference.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

SafeAssign Originality Report
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Running Head: EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON EMPLOYEES 1

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON EMPLOYEES 12

Effects of Pollution on Employees’ Health (case study Sun Coast Company)

Miguel Figueroa

January 7th, 2020

Columbia Southern University 11

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Columbia Southern University

Table of Contents

Abstract. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..3

Introduction. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .4

Statement of the Problem. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .4

Literature Review. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .6

Research objectives. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..7

Research questions and hypothesis. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . …7

Research Methodology, Design, and Method. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8

Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing. .. .. .. . .9

Data Analysis: Hypothesis testing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …9

Findings. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 9

Recommendations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 11

References. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12

Abstract

This study aims to figure out the safety of employees working in the Sun
Coast company. It aims at analyzing the risks that pollution poses on em-
ployees. This will include particulate matter pollution, noise pollution, and
lead poisoning. It will also analyze the effectiveness of training given to
employees in reducing the risks of pollution. This will involve safety
training and new employee training. The training will also look at the re-

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turn on investment on all the services provided by the company. The

ethnographic study will be applied in this study.

Introduction

Senior leadership at Sun Coast has identified several areas for concern
that they believe can be solved using business research methods. The
previous director was tasked with researching to help provide information
to make decisions about these issues. Although data were collected, the
project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the
project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that
project and includes the statement of the problems, literature review, re-
search objectives, research questions and hypotheses, research method-
ology, design and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommenda-

tions. Statement of the problem

Six problems were identified: Particulate matter (PM) There is a con-
cern that job-site particle pollution is adversely impacting employee
health. Although respirators are required in certain environments, PM
varies in size depending on the project and the job site. PM that is be-
tween 10 and 2.5 microns can float in the air for minutes to hours (eg, as-
bestos, mold spores, pollen, cement dust, ash fly), while PM that is less
than 2.5 microns can float in the air for hours to weeks (eg, bacteria, virus-
es, oil smoke, smog, soot). Due to the smaller size of a PM that is less than
2.5 microns, it is potentially more harmful than PM that is between 10 and
2.5 microns since the conditions are more suitable for inhalation. A PM
that is less than 2.5 is also able to be inhaled into the deeper regions of
the lungs, potentially causing more deleterious health effects. It would
be helpful to understand if there is a relationship between PM size and
employee health. PM air quality data have been collected from 103 job
sites, which is recorded in microns. Data are also available for average an-

nual sick days per employee per job site. Safety training effectiveness

Health and safety training is conducted for each new contract that is

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Health and safety training is conducted for each new contract that is
awarded to the Sun Coast. Data for training expenditure and lost time
hours were collected from 223 contracts. It would be valuable to know if
training has been successful in reducing lost time hours and, if so, how to
predict lost time hours from training expenditures. Sound-Level expo-

sure

Sun Coast’s contracts generally involve working in noisy environments
due to a variety of heavy equipment being used for both remediation and
client’s ongoing operations on the job sites. Standard ear-plug is ade-
quate to protect employee hearing if the decibel levels are less than 120
decibels (dB). For environments with noise levels exceeding 120 deci-
bels, more advanced and expensive hearing protection is required, such
as earmuffs. Historical data have been collected from 1,503 contracts for
several variables that are believed to contribute to excessive dB levels. It
would be important if these could be used to predict the dB levels of work
environments before placing employees’ on-sites for further contracts.
This would help the safety department plan for the procurement of ear

protection for employees. New Employee Training

All sun Coast employees participate in general health and safety training.
The training program was revamped and implemented six months ago.
Upon completion of the training programs, the employees are tested

on their knowledge. Test data are available for two groups: Group A em-
ployees who participate in the prior program and Group B employees who
participate in the revised training program. It is necessary to know if the
revised program is more effective than the prior training program. Lead

Exposure

Employees working on job sites to remediate lead must be monitored.
Lead levels in the blood are measured in micrograms of lead per

deciliter of blood (ug/dL).

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A baseline blood test is taken pre-exposure and post-exposure after the
remediation. Data are available for 49 employees who recently conclud-
ed a 2-year lead remediation project. It is necessary to determine if

blood lead levels have increased. Return on Investment

Sun Coast offers four lines of service to its customers including air
monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety
training. Sun Coast would like to know if each line of service offers the
same return on investment. Return on investment data is available on
air monitoring, soil remediation, water reclamation, and health and safety
training projects. If the return on investment is not the same for all
lines of service, it would be helpful to know where differences exist. Litera-

ture Review

Pollution at job sites has had several effects on the employees’ health.
From the particulate matter pollution, to sound level pollution and lead
exposure pollution. Employees have suffered various effects of these pol-
lutions ranging from internal organs infections to hearing problems
(Wachter and Yorio, 2014). These effects range from mild to severe. This
research, therefore, aims at analyzing these pollutions and the effects as-
sociated with each. It also aims at analyzing the effectiveness of safety
training and new employee training in preventing or reducing the effects
of pollution. This study also reviewed the return on investment on all the
lines of service provided by the company. Research objectives · To es-
tablish the relationship between PM size and employee health. · To es-
tablish if training has been successful in reducing lost time hours and, if
so, how to predict lost time hours from training expenditures. · To es-
tablish the dB levels of work environments. · To establish if the revised
program is more effective than the prior training program in new employ-
ee training. · To determine if blood lead levels have increased in em-
ployees after a 2- year lead remediation project. · To establish the re-

turn on investment is not the same for all lines of service. Research

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turn on investment is not the same for all lines of service. Research

questions and hypothesis

RQ1: What is the relationship between PM size and employee health?
H01: There is no significant relationship between PM size and employee
health. HA1: The smaller the PM size, the more dangerous it is to em-
ployee health. RQ2: Has training has been successful in reducing lost
time hours? H02: Training has not been successful in reducing lost time
hours. HA2: Training has been effective in reducing lost time hours.
RQ3: What are the dB levels of work environments? H03: There is no
significant risk of sound level exposure in the sites. HA3: There is a signifi-
cant risk of sound level exposure in the sites. RQ4: Is the revised pro-
gram more effective than the prior training program in new employee
training? H04: The prior training program is more effective than the re-
vised program. HA4: The prior training program is less effective than
the revised program. RQ5: Have blood lead levels increased in employ-
ees after a 2- year lead remediation project? H05: Blood lead levels
have not increased in employees after a 2-year lead remediation project.
HA5: Blood lead levels have increased in employees after a 2-year lead
remediation project. RQ6: Is the return on investment the same for all
lines of service? H06: The return on investment is the same for all lines
of service. HA6: The return on investment is not the same for all lines of

service. Research Methodology, Design, and Method

This section comprises the methods of data collection that were involved
in the course of this study. The sampling methods and the sampling pro-
cedures, the research design among other tools that were used in the
study (Kumar, 2019). An ethnographic study was used in this research.
This is because it enables one to observe, understand and then respond
to a given problem ( Jorgensen, 2015). The research design that was
used in this project was a descriptive case study. This involves deeply ana-
lyzing a specific company, in this case, Sun Coast. This study applied the
surveys and experiments research methods. Data collection methods that
were used in this study include case study, direct observation, and sur-

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were used in this study include case study, direct observation, and sur-
veys. Simple random sampling was used. The exploratory data analysis

procedure was applied in the data analysis process.

Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing

In this section, the study aimed at testing the assumptions that came up
in the course of the study (Chambers, 2017). The first assumption in this
study was that there was a connection between PM and employees’
health. Air quality data was therefore collected from 103 sites to help de-
termine the connection between PM and employees’ health. This study
also aimed at determining the effect of the sound level in working envi-
ronments. 1,503 contracts were analyzed concerning this. This was aimed
at enabling the prediction of how safe these sites are. There was also the
need to analyze the effectiveness of safety training and whether the ex-
penditure in this regard was worthwhile.

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In this respect, 223 contracts were analyzed. In analyzing the effectiveness
of new employee training, 2 different groups were exposed to different
pieces of training to determine which one was more effective. Data Analy-

sis: Hypothesis testing

This involved the testing of both hypotheses using the data collected to
determine which one between the null and the alternative hypothesis was
true (Chambers, 2017). In most cases, the stated alternative hypothesis
turned out to be true. There is indeed a relationship between the PM and
employees’ health. Safety training has been effective in reducing lost
time hours. There is a significant risk of sound level exposure in sites.
The revised program in new employee training is more effective than the
prior training program. There is a difference in the return on invest-
ment on all the lines of service. Finally, there is evidence of blood lead lev-

el increasing in employees after a 2-year remediation project. Findings

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el increasing in employees after a 2-year remediation project. Findings

In the course of the study and after testing the entire hypothesis and ana-
lyzing all the data, the following were the findings of the research: O1:
To establish the relationship between PM size and employee health. There
is a connection between the size of PM and its effect on employees’ health
(Kim, Kabir and Kabir, 2015). The smaller the PM size, the more the effect
it has. This is because the smaller it is, the longer it can stay in the air and
the easier it is to diffuse into the system. O2: To establish if training has
been successful in reducing lost time hours and, if so, how to predict lost
time hours from training expenditures. Safety training has been quite
effective in reducing lost time hours. This is because after employees are
trained on safety measures, they can take precautions that enable them
to prevent most of the risks. This ensures that they do not stay away from
work in the name of sick leaves and such. O3: To establish the dB levels
of work environments. Most of the work environments were found to be
having toxic sound levels that could cause hearing problems to the em-
ployees. These sound levels were so high that the risk of hearing impair-
ment also was found to be very high. O4: To establish if the revised pro-
gram is more effective than the prior training program in new employee
training. The revised program was found to be more effective in a new
employee training program than the prior training (Wachter and Yorio,
2014). This is because, in the revised program, employees are taught
about something that they are already conversant with and therefore it
becomes easier to understand. O5: To determine if blood lead levels
have increased in employees after a 2- year lead remediation project.
Blood lead level was found to have increased in employees upon comple-
tion of a 2-year lead remediation period (Kim et al, 2015). This proves that
indeed lead poisoning is an issue of concern. Measures should be taken
to reduce this risk. O6: To establish if the return on investment is the
same for all lines of service. The return on investment is not the same
for all lines of services. This was mainly because of the difference in mate-
rials used and the different costs in offering the services. Recommenda-

tions

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tions

The company should invest more in ensuring the safety of employees.
Measures should be taken to ensure the reduction of PM in the air
(Wachter and Yorio, 2014). Noise reduction should also be put into consid-
eration, not forgetting measures to reduce lead poisoning. Employee
training has proved to be effective and plays a great part in safety and

therefore the company should invest more in these pieces of training.

References

Chambers, J. M. (2017). Graphical methods for data analysis: 0. Chapman
and Hall/CRC. Jorgensen, D. L. (2015). Participant observation. Emerging
trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, search-
able, and linkable resource, 1-15. Kim, K. H., Kabir, E., & Kabir, S. (2015).

A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter.
Environment international, 74, 136-143. Kim, H. C., Jang, T. W., Chae, H. J.,
Choi, W. J., Ha, M. N., Ye, B. J.,… & Hong, Y. S. (2015). Evaluation and man-
agement of lead exposure. Annals of occupational and environmental
medicine, 27(1), 30. Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-
step guide for beginners. Sage Publications Limited. Wachter, J. K., &
Yorio, P. L. (2014). A system of safety management practices and worker
engagement for reducing and preventing accidents: An empirical and the-
oretical investigation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 68, 117-130.

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Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

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Statement of the Problem.

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Statement of Problem

4

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Research questions and hypothesis.

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Research Questions and Hypothesis

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Research Methodology, Design, and
Method.

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Research Methodology, Design, and
Method

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Descriptive Statistics and Assumption
Testing.

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Descriptive Statistics and Assumption
Testing

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This will involve safety training and
new employee training.

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Safety Training Effectiveness and New
Employee Training

7

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Senior leadership at Sun Coast has
identified several areas for concern
that they believe can be solved using
business research methods.

Original source
Senior leadership at Sun Coast has
identified several areas for concern
that they believe could be solved us-
ing business research methods

8

Student paper
The previous director was tasked with
researching to help provide informa-
tion to make decisions about these
issues. Although data were collected,
the project was never completed. Se-
nior leadership is interested in seeing

the project through to fruition.

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the project through to fruition.

Original source
The previous director was tasked with
conducting research to help provide
information to make decisions about
these issues Although data were col-
lected, the project was never com-
pleted Senior leadership is interested
in seeing the project through to
fruition

1

Student paper
The following is the completion of
that project and includes the state-
ment of the problems, literature re-
view, research objectives, research
questions and hypotheses, research
methodology, design and methods,
data analysis, findings, and
recommendations.

Original source
The following is the completion of
that project and includes the state-
ment of the problems, literature re-
view, research objectives, research
questions and hypotheses, research
methodology, design, and methods,
data analysis, findings, and
recommendations

3

Student paper

Statement of the problem

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Statement of the problem
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Statement of Problem
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Six problems were identified:

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Six identified problems

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Particulate matter (PM) There is a
concern that job-site particle pollu-
tion is adversely impacting employee
health.

Original source
Particulate Matter (PM) There is a
concern that job-site particle pollu-
tion is adversely impacting employee
health

1

Student paper
Although respirators are required in
certain environments, PM varies in
size depending on the project and
the job site. PM that is between 10
and 2.5 microns can float in the air
for minutes to hours (eg, asbestos,
mold spores, pollen, cement dust,
ash fly), while PM that is less than 2.5
microns can float in the air for hours

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microns can float in the air for hours
to weeks (eg, bacteria, viruses, oil
smoke, smog, soot). Due to the small-
er size of a PM that is less than 2.5
microns, it is potentially more harm-
ful than PM that is between 10 and
2.5 microns since the conditions are
more suitable for inhalation. A PM
that is less than 2.5 is also able to be
inhaled into the deeper regions of
the lungs, potentially causing more
deleterious health effects.

Original source
Although respirators are required in
certain environments, PM varies in
size depending on the project and job
site PM that is between 10 and 2.5
microns can float in the air for min-
utes to hours (eg, asbestos, mold
spores, pollen, cement dust, fly ash),
while PM that is less than 2.5 microns
can float in the air for hours to weeks
(eg bacteria, viruses, oil smoke, smog,
soot) Due to the smaller size of PM
that is less than 2.5 microns, it is po-
tentially more harmful than PM that
is between 10 and 2.5 since the con-
ditions are more suitable for inhala-
tion PM that is less than 2.5 is also
able to be inhaled into the deeper re-
gions of the lungs, potentially causing
more deleterious health effects

8
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It would be helpful to understand if
there is a relationship between PM
size and employee health.

Original source
It would be helpful to understand if
there is a relationship between PM
size and employee health

1

Student paper
PM air quality data have been collect-
ed from 103 job sites, which is
recorded in microns. Data are also
available for average annual sick days
per employee per job site. Safety
training effectiveness Health and
safety training is conducted for each
new contract that is awarded to the
Sun Coast.

Original source
PM air quality data have been collect-
ed from 103 job sites, which is
recorded in microns Data are also
available for average annual sick days
per employee per job-site Safety
Training Effectiveness Health and
safety training is conducted for each
new contract that is awarded to Sun
Coast

8

Student paper
Data for training expenditure and lost

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time hours were collected from 223
contracts. It would be valuable to
know if training has been successful
in reducing lost time hours and, if so,
how to predict lost time hours from
training expenditures.

Original source
Data for training expenditures and
lost-time hours were collected from
223 contracts It would be valuable to
know if training has been successful
in reducing lost-time hours and, if so,
how to predict lost-time hours from
training expenditures

2

Student paper
Sound-Level exposure

Original source
Sound-Level Exposure

9

Student paper
Sun Coast’s contracts generally in-
volve working in noisy environments
due to a variety of heavy equipment
being used for both remediation and
client’s ongoing operations on the job
sites.

Original source
Sun Coast’s contracts generally in-
volve work in noisy environments
due to a variety of heavy equipment

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due to a variety of heavy equipment
being used for both remediation and
the clients’ ongoing operations on the
job sites

8

Student paper
Standard ear-plug is adequate to pro-
tect employee hearing if the decibel
levels are less than 120 decibels (dB).

Original source
Standard ear-plugs are adequate to
protect employee hearing if the deci-
bel levels are less than 120 decibels
(dB)

1

Student paper
For environments with noise levels
exceeding 120 decibels, more ad-
vanced and expensive hearing pro-
tection is required, such as earmuffs.
Historical data have been collected
from 1,503 contracts for several vari-
ables that are believed to contribute
to excessive dB levels. It would be im-
portant if these could be used to pre-
dict the dB levels of work environ-
ments before placing employees’ on-
sites for further contracts. This would
help the safety department plan for
the procurement of ear protection for
employees.

Original source

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Original source
For environments with noise levels
exceeding 120 dB, more advanced
and expensive hearing protection is
required, such as earmuffs Historical
data have been collected from 1,503
contracts for several variables that
are believed to contribute to exces-
sive dB levels It would be important if
these data could be used to predict
the dB levels of work environments
before placing employees on-site for
future contracts This would help the
safety department plan for procure-
ment of appropriate ear protection
for employees

1

Student paper
New Employee Training All sun Coast
employees participate in general
health and safety training.

Original source
New Employee Training All new Sun
Coast employees participate in gener-
al health and safety

training

8

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The training program was revamped
and implemented six months ago.

Original source
The training program was revamped

and implemented six months ago

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and implemented six months ago
1

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Upon completion of the training pro-
grams, the employees are tested on
their knowledge. Test data are avail-
able for two groups: Group A employ-
ees who participate in the prior pro-
gram and Group B employees who
participate in the revised training
program.

Original source
Upon completion of the training pro-
grams, the employees are tested on
their knowledge Test data are avail-
able for two groups Group A employ-
ees who participated in the prior
training program and Group B em-
ployees who participated in the re-
vised training program

8

Student paper
It is necessary to know if the revised
program is more effective than the
prior training program.

Original source
It is necessary to know if the revised
training program is more effective
than the prior training program

1
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100%
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88%
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Employees working on job sites to re-
mediate lead must be monitored.

Original source
Employees working on job sites to re-
mediate lead must be monitored

8

Student paper
Lead levels in the blood are mea-
sured in micrograms of lead per
deciliter of blood (ug/dL).

Original source
Lead levels in blood are measured as
micrograms of lead per deciliter of
blood (μg/dL)

9

Student paper
A baseline blood test is taken pre-ex-
posure and post-exposure after the
remediation.

Original source
A baseline blood test is taken pre-ex-
posure and post-exposure at the con-
clusion of the remediation

1

Student paper
Data are available for 49 employees
who recently concluded a 2-year lead
remediation project.

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Original source
Data are available for 49 employees
who recently concluded a 2-year lead
remediation

project

8

Student paper
It is necessary to determine if blood
lead levels have increased.

Original source
It is necessary to determine if blood
lead levels have increased

1

Student paper
Return on Investment

Original source
Return on Investment

1
0

Student paper
Sun Coast offers four lines of ser-
vice to its customers including air
monitoring, soil remediation, water
reclamation, and health and safety
training.

Original source
Sun Coast offers four lines of ser-
vice to its customers, including air
monitoring, soil remediation, water
reclamation, and health and safety
training

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training
1

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Sun Coast would like to know if each
line of service offers the same return
on investment.

Original source
Sun Coast would like to know if each
line of service offers the same return
on investment

1
0

Student paper
Return on investment data is avail-
able on air monitoring, soil remedi-
ation, water reclamation, and
health and safety training projects.

Original source
Return on investment data is avail-
able for air monitoring, soil remedi-
ation, water reclamation, and
health and safety training projects

1

Student paper
If the return on investment is not the
same for all lines of service, it would
be helpful to know where differences
exist.

Original source
If return on investment is not the
same for all lines of service, it would

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same for all lines of service, it would
be helpful to know where differences
exist

1

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Research objectives · To establish the
relationship between PM size and
employee health.

Original source
Is there a relationship between the
PM size and employee health

1
1

Student paper
· To establish if training has been
successful in reducing lost time
hours and, if so, how to predict lost
time hours from training
expenditures.

Original source
To determine if training has been
successful in reducing lost-time
hours and, if so, how to predict lost-
time hours from training
expenditures

1
2

Student paper
· To establish the dB levels of work
environments.

Original source
To predict the decibel (dB) levels of

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80%

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77%

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To predict the decibel (dB) levels of
future work environments

1

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· To establish if the revised program is
more effective than the prior training
program in new employee training.

Original source
Is the revised new employee training
program more effective than the pri-
or new employee training program

1
2

Student paper
· To determine if blood lead levels
have increased in employees after a
2- year lead remediation project.

Original source
To verify if blood lead levels have
increased during the 2-year lead re-
mediation project

5

Student paper
· To establish the return on invest-
ment is not the same for all lines of
service.

Original source
The return on investment is different
for all lines of service

4

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4

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Research questions and hypothesis

Original source
Research Questions and Hypothesis
1

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What is the relationship between PM
size and employee health?

Original source
Is there a relationship between the
PM size and employee health
1

Student paper
There is no significant relationship
between PM size and employee
health.

Original source
There is no statistically significant re-
lationship between PM size and em-
ployee health

1

Student paper
The smaller the PM size, the more
dangerous it is to employee health.

Original source
The larger the PM size is more detri-
mental to employee health

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1
1

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Has training has been successful in
reducing lost time hours?

Original source
The training was successful in re-
ducing lost-time hours

1
1

Student paper
Training has not been successful in
reducing lost time hours.

Original source
The training was not successful in
reducing lost-time hours

1
3

Student paper
Training has been effective in re-
ducing lost time hours.

Original source
Has training has been effective in
reducing the amount of lost time in
hours

1
2

Student paper
What are the dB levels of work
environments?

Original source
To predict the decibel (dB) levels of

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78%

To predict the decibel (dB) levels of
future work environments
1

Student paper
Is the revised program more effective
than the prior training program in
new employee training?

Original source
Is the revised new employee training
program more effective than the pri-
or new employee training program
1

Student paper
The prior training program is more
effective than the revised program.

Original source
The revised training program is more
effective than the prior training
program

1

Student paper
The prior training program is less ef-
fective than the revised program.

Original source
The revised training program is more
effective than the prior training
program
1
2
Student paper

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78%

Student paper
76%

Student paper
78%

Student paper
87%

2
Student paper
Have blood lead levels increased in
employees after a 2- year lead re-
mediation project?

Original source
To verify if blood lead levels have
increased during the 2-year lead re-
mediation project
1
2

Student paper
Blood lead levels have not in-
creased in employees after a 2-year
lead remediation project.

Original source
To verify if blood lead levels have
increased during the 2-year lead re-
mediation project
1
2

Student paper
Blood lead levels have increased in
employees after a 2-year lead re-
mediation project.

Original source
To verify if blood lead levels have
increased during the 2-year lead re-
mediation project
5

Student paper
Is the return on investment the same

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for all lines of service?

Original source
The return on investment is different
for all lines of service
5

Student paper
The return on investment is the same
for all lines of service.

Original source
The return on investment is different
for all lines of service
5

Student paper
The return on investment is not the
same for all lines of service. Research
Methodology, Design, and Method

Original source
The return on investment is different
for all lines of service Research
Methodology, Design, and Method

1
4

Student paper
The research design that was used
in this project was a descriptive
case study.

Original source
Descriptive, non-experimental re-
search design was used in this
project

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project
1

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Descriptive Statistics and Assumption
Testing

Original source
Descriptive Statistics and Assumption
Testing

1
5

Student paper
Safety training has been effective in
reducing lost time hours.

Original source
Determine if safety training has
been effective in reducing lost-time
hours

1

Student paper
The revised program in new employ-
ee training is more effective than the
prior training program.

Original source
Is the revised new employee training
program more effective than the pri-
or new employee training program
1
3

Student paper
There is a difference in the return

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86%

There is a difference in the return
on investment on all the lines of
service.

Original source
There is significant difference in the
return-on-investment from all the
lines of service

1

Student paper
To establish the relationship between
PM size and employee health.

Original source
Is there a relationship between the
PM size and employee health
1
1

Student paper
To establish if training has been
successful in reducing lost time
hours and, if so, how to predict lost
time hours from training
expenditures.

Original source
To determine if training has been
successful in reducing lost-time
hours and, if so, how to predict lost-
time hours from training
expenditures
1
5

Student paper
Safety training has been quite effec-

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67%
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77%
Student paper
80%

Safety training has been quite effec-
tive in reducing lost time hours.

Original source
Determine if safety training has
been effective in reducing lost-time
hours
1
2

Student paper
To establish the dB levels of work
environments.

Original source
To predict the decibel (dB) levels of
future work environments

1

Student paper
To establish if the revised program is
more effective than the prior training
program in new employee training.
The revised program was found to be
more effective in a new employee
training program than the prior train-
ing (Wachter and Yorio, 2014).

Original source
Is the revised new employee training
program more effective than the pri-
or new employee training program Is
the revised new employee training
program more effective than the pri-
or new employee training program

1
2

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80%
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78%
Student paper
72%

ProQuest document
68%

2
Student paper
To determine if blood lead levels
have increased in employees after a
2- year lead remediation project.

Original source
To verify if blood lead levels have
increased during the 2-year lead re-
mediation project
1
3

Student paper
To establish if the return on invest-
ment is the same for all lines of
service.

Original source
To determine if all the lines of ser-
vice provided the same return-on-
investment

1
6

Student paper
The return on investment is not the
same for all lines of services.

Original source
Determine return on investment on
all lines of services

1
7

Student paper
H., Kabir, E., & Kabir, S.

Original source

Kim KH, Kabir E, Kabir S

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100%

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68%

ProQuest document
64%

ProQuest document
100%

Kim KH, Kabir E, Kabir S

1
8

Student paper
A review on the human health im-
pact of airborne particulate matter.

Original source
A review on the human health im-
pact of airborne particulate matter

7

Student paper
Sage Publications Limited.

Original source
Sage Publications, Inc

1
9

Student paper
K., & Yorio, P.

Original source
& Yorio, P.L

2
0

Student paper
A system of safety management
practices and worker engagement
for reducing and preventing acci-
dents: An empirical and theoretical
investigation.

Original source
A system of safety management
practices and worker engagement

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ProQuest document
98%

practices and worker engagement
for reducing and preventing acci-
dents An empirical and theoretical
investigation

1
9

Student paper
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 68,
117-130.

Original source
Accident Analysis and Prevention,
68, 117-130

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