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Unit Two: Born a Crime & Half of a Yellow Sun

Directions: The following test consists of all short answer and essay questions. Short answer responses should include all the ACE elements unless otherwise indicated in the directions. Essay questions should show understanding of the text and able to analyze, evaluate, and react to the ideas presented and be formatted as a full PAACE
response. Answers will be assessed on the following: a) correctness of response b) clarity of writing c) depth of analysis d) support from text. 20 points.

·
Note: Please answer the questions using this document, if possible. I created the test in Microsoft Word, so you should be able to download the test, type in your answers, save it using your name in the file name, and upload it.

Historical Event Questions: These DO NOT need to be in ACE format. (1 point each)

1. What does the term apartheid mean? How did this term play a role in a text we studied this unit?

2. What does the word pogrom mean? How did this term play a role in a text we studied this unit?

3. Who was Nelson Mandela? Why was he important for the ideas we studied this unit?

4. Describe the apartheid laws. You don’t need to name the specific laws, but describe some of the ways they restricted life in South Africa.

5. What was Biafra? Why is it important to learn about?

Short Answer Questions Directions: Write a full ACE paragraph to answer each short answer question using the prompts provided. Since you DO have your texts and notes, please provide specific quotes or paraphrase your specific details from the text (i.e. put the details in your own words). You must provide a page number for each quoted or paraphrased piece of evidence. (2 points each)

6. Trevor discusses several lessons he learned from his mom. Discuss one of these lessons. What did she try to teach? What did Trevor learn?

7. Explain why Trevor Noah was “born a crime.” How did this legal issue impact his childhood?

8. Choose one of Adiche’s primary narrators: How does Adiche characterize this person? What do they value and believe? How is this person impacted by The Nigerian Revolution? How does this character add to our understanding of the events that happened in Nigeria?

9. An event happens that causes Olanna to realize that “a single act could reverberate over time and space and leave stains that could never be washed off.” Describe the event and how it reverberated.

10. Both books contain events where characters commit acts that have emotionally devastating consequences. Choose one event from each book, describe what happened, and analyze the toll the event takes.

11. Theme comparison: What is one specific theme you believe the books have in common? How is a motif used to develop this theme? Cite examples from both texts.

Essay Response (6 points): Respond to the prompt below fully in essay format. In your response you should answer the question—Being sure you address all parts of the question; use specific details from the text(s) to support your answer; and react and respond as a reader. Answers will be assessed on the following: a) correctness of response b) clarity of writing c) depth of analysis d) support from text. Use PAACE to format your answer—this means the response should be a minimum of 8 sentences—and probably longer.

12. What have you learned about how revolutions shape peoples’ lives? Are there any positives–or ways you see that facing adversity benefitted the characters? What do these kinds of tales teach about the human experience?

PAACE Format Reminder

· Primary Assertion: Start with the major claim (big idea) you will argue throughout your response. This is the thesis.

· Supporting Assertions: Support your major claim using supporting claims. In an essay question, the sub-questions can help you create supporting claims.

· Concrete Evidence: Each supporting claim needs to be supported by direct evidence from the text. When you close read, you want to include direct quotes.

· When you directly quote more than a single word or two, be sure you:

· a) introduce the quote by explaining where in the text it is used and who is speaking;

· b) cite the page number where you found the quote after the quote.

· Explain: Your job is to show how the evidence you choose supports your claims. You need to illuminate your thinking for the reader—explicitly explain what you see in the chosen evidence that demonstrates what you believe.

**To complete your response, you repeat the ACE portion until you have addressed all your supporting claims.

INSIGHTREPORT

HALF OF A YELLOW SUN
bfi.org.uk

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SECTION ONE:
PLANNING AND EXECUTION

SECTION TWO:
RESULTS

SECTION THREE:
DISCUSSION AND LESSONS

APPENDIX:
RESEARCH METHODS 20

INTRODUCTION

This Insight Report considers the
success of Soda Pictures’s theatrical
release of Half of a Yellow Sun, supported
by the New Models strand of the BFI’s
Distribution Fund for its innovative
marketing campaign targeted at
sections of the Black British population,
including people of Nigerian heritage
living in the UK.

With strong literary credentials and recognised
acting talent, Half of a Yellow Sun could have been
sold purely as a well-heeled adaptation attracting
fans of the bestselling novel and arthouse
audiences tempted by the prospect of a story
set in Africa involving historical events rarely
recounted in English-language cinema.

Yet in addition the distributor chose to target
Black audiences, to test whether a grassroots
marketing campaign led by a specialist agency
working with community media partners could
successfully sell the film to people of African and
African-Caribbean descent. The campaign was
one of the first to involve an English-language
film specifically seeking box office returns from
minority ethnic audiences.

Following its appearance at the 57th BFI London
Film Festival in October 2013, and a series of
preview and charity screenings in March and
early April 201

, including the official premiere
at Odeon Streatham, the film opened at 17 sites
nationwide on

April 2014.

The campaign was designed to attract two
broad groups with a distinct female skew
(given the novel upon which it is based).

The first, comprising older, upscale, arthouse
audiences and fans of the book, was addressed
via conventional means involving outdoor
media, print & broadcast advertising and press
& PR activity.

In parallel, Soda commissioned Kush Promotions
& PR (a specialist marketing and distribution
agency with extensive experience reaching urban
audiences) to target Black communities through
pre-established email and SMS text contact lists,
flyer ‘shop drops’ in key locations, social media
activity and promotional activity via Black media
outlets (including satellite TV and DAB/online
radio stations).

The significance of this New Model approach
lies in the fact that little is known about the
cinema going habits of different Black audiences,
other than that specialised titles that appeal
to audiences of African descent (including
Nollywood works) tend not to attract people
of African-Caribbean heritage in significant
numbers. There is therefore a need for more
research evidence in this area.

‘The key aspect of our marketing was to
bring the African & African-Caribbean
film loving community together to
support this release. A special emphasis
was also put on targeting the UK’s
Nigerian Igbo community […] along
with members of the Yoruba tribe.’

Kush Promotions & PR,
Marketing Report, May 20

The BFI awarded Soda £5

,500 to meet the cost of
the targeted release campaign, representing half
of the total campaign spend (£111,957).

Drawing on box office data and the findings
of exit polling, alongside interviews with key
people involved in the campaign, this Insight
Report examines what the evidence tells us about
the success of Kush’s targeted campaign, and
reflects on the lessons it offers for reaching Black
audiences in future.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Described by one critic as ‘a Nigerian Gone

with the Wind’, Half of a Yellow Sun (HOAYS)
is based on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s
Orange Prize-winning novel. The film
chronicles a 1960s-set family saga against
the backdrop of Nigeria’s struggle for
independence and descent into civil war.

• One obvious angle for the release campaign
was to sell HOAYS as a well-heeled
adaptation, to attract fans of the bestselling
novel and arthouse audiences tempted by
the prospect of a story set in Africa involving
historical events rarely recounted in English-
language cinema.

• The distributor, Soda Pictures, chose
in addition to target Black audiences,
to test whether a grassroots marketing
campaign led by a specialist agency working
with community media partners could
successfully sell the film to people of both
African and African-Caribbean descent.

• The release campaign had a budget of around
£112,000, including an award of £56,500 from
the BFI Distribution Fund: New Models strand.

• The campaign had two related elements: the
first involved conventional marketing and
promotion including outdoor media, print &
broadcast advertising and press & PR activity.
Print reviews were mixed, positioning HOAYS
as a three star proposition, necessitating a
focus on the film’s other assets.

• In parallel, Soda commissioned Kush
Promotions & PR (a specialist marketing
and distribution agency) to target Black
communities via email and SMS text
messages, flyers in key community locations,
social media activity and promotional
activity via Black media outlets.

• Soda’s approach to theatrical bookings
targeted independent sites in key towns
and cities frequented by upscale audiences
in search of specialised films, alongside
selected multiplexes to access younger,
urban audiences.

• In terms of geographical targeting,
theatrical bookings were sought in areas
where significant Black populations are
concentrated (e.g. London, Birmingham and

Manchester). At a regional level, the West
Midlands and the South East of England were
the largest target markets after London.

• The film was released on 11 April 2014 on 17
screens, following a high profile premiere
at Odeon Streatham attended by cast
members and other principal talent. HOAYS
took £151,783 over the course of its 13 week
theatrical run across 63 venues, grossing
£32,473 in the opening weekend (with a
respectable screen average of £1,910).

• This total is well above Soda’s conservative
forecasts for the title. London sites accounted
for 69% of all the money HOAYS grossed
during its theatrical run. Regionally, outside
of key cities, the film performed in line
with expectations.

• In terms of audience profile, the only source
of hard evidence comes from opening
weekend exit polls conducted by First Movies
International on behalf of Soda Pictures. The
survey indicates the film found a sizeable
Black audience in the opening weekend:
56% of respondents described themselves as
either ‘Black British’ or ‘Black other’.

• As the survey did not differentiate between
Black African, Black Caribbean and other
subgroups it is not possible to say if
traditional supporters of Nollywood films
came out in any force for HOAYS, although
anecdotal evidence suggests this to have
been the case.

• The question of whether an ‘urban’
promotional campaign aimed at Black
communities provides an effective means of
reaching minority ethnic target audiences
is harder to judge in light of other factors
like the high profile press coverage around
Chiwetel Ejiofor and support from the book’s
dedicated following.

• Findings from opening weekend exit
polls suggest Kush’s grassroots marketing
campaign and media partnerships helped
to mobilise target audiences. However,
the performance of different elements of
the campaign varied widely. The Internet,
personal recommendations, TV and social
media were particularly important in raising
awareness of the film among Black survey

respondents, while text messaging and radio
(which formed important parts of Kush’s
campaign) had less impact on opening
weekend audiences.

• Exit poll results confirm the assumption
that Black audiences are less likely than
other ethnic groups to rely on print media
for information, which supports the general
principle tested by this New Model that
alternative communication channels (online,
TV and social media) are important for
reaching specific target groups.

• However, flyers, another prominent part of
Kush’s campaign, had limited impact
according to the exit polls. They were cited
as a source of information by only 1% of exit
poll respondents, and this did not vary by
ethnic group.

• Odeon’s support for the title was another key
factor in the film’s success (the company has
an established track record of Nollywood
programming in London). The circuit booked
HOAYS to open at seven of its venues, and
the film played at it’s Panton Street venue
for 13 weeks. Exit poll findings indicate that
cinema promotions, including via cinema
web sites, trailers before films, and point
of sale posters/displays/standees, were
as influential on awareness of the film
as newspaper and magazine articles, and

second only to word of mouth from friends
or relatives.

• Yet Kush played a part here, building
confidence among exhibitors that HOAYS
had the potential to tap established
Nollywood audiences. Kush’s involvement
also helped Soda to draw upon a network
of pre-established connections with Black
media companies.

• One potential challenge of any relationship
between a distributor and specialist
agency lies in negotiating differences
in working practice and organisational
culture. In the case of the HOAYS campaign,
misunderstandings led to confusion around
a preview screening in Birmingham, and
also contributed to the late printing and
distribution of flyers.

• Problems with the flyers resulted from
a more deep-seated issue to do with
expectations around the terms of trade with
Black media companies, many of whom feel
they are taken advantage of by distributors
in search of cheap publicity. Yet good quality
editorial support requires an appropriate
campaign spend, and distributors are advised
not take community media outlets for
granted in future.

SECTION ONE:

PLANNING AND EXECUTION

‘I think Half of a Yellow Sun is one of those
titles that could have been released in
completely different ways, which makes
it an interesting one because you can
only release the film once.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

1.1 OVERVIEW

Described by one critic as ‘a Nigerian Gone with
the Wind’, Half of a Yellow Sun (HOAYS) marked
the directorial debut of celebrated playwright Biyi
Bandele. Based on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s
Orange Prize-winning novel, the film chronicles
a 1960s-set family saga against the backdrop of
Nigeria’s struggle for independence and descent
into civil war.

Soda Pictures picked up the film in 2013, following
discussions with the sales agent after it played to
enthusiastic audiences at Toronto International
Film Festival, which concluded for the film’s
appearance at the BFI London Film Festival.

‘It’s one of those cases of the benefits of a
good ongoing relationship between sales
agent and distributor. They were looking
for an innovative approach for the
title, and with the strengths of the key
elements it presented a good opportunity
to work together on a UK release.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

As a historical melodrama with a largely Black
cast, including Thandie Newton and Chiwetel
Ejiofor (a star on the ascendant following his
appearance in the Academy Award-winning
12 Years A Slave), HOAYS resists easy pigeon-
holing, necessitating a creative approach to
positioning and marketing in order to sell the film
to cinema bookers and audiences.

Soda was attracted to the project on the strength
of the film’s obvious marketing ‘hooks’, including
the source material and creative talent involved.
Adichie’s novel proved a hit in 2007, making the
influential ‘Richard and Judy’s Book Club’ selection
and becoming one of that year’s best sellers.

‘The film appealed to us for a number
of reasons, but we were particularly
interested in how we could effectively
target two audiences, who typically
respond to campaigns differently. Our
forked approach involved reaching out
to a Black audience and fans of the
book and talent (of course, there is
also a crossover between the two). Our
thoughts were that a Black audience
would perhaps be particularly drawn to
the subject matter, the Nigerian setting
and the romance of the story, whilst
a more diverse audience would be
specifically attracted to the film being
based on the best selling novel, and the
quality cast and filmmakers.’

Nicola Milburn, Marketing Manager,
Soda Pictures

The property was developed with support from
the UK Film Council (eventually going into
production with Lottery funding courtesy of the
BFI Film Fund) and the production team included
Andrea Calderwood (as Producer) and Gail Egan
(Executive Producer) who had previous form with
two well-regarded, English-language literary
adaptations set in Africa (Calderwood with
The Last King of Scotland [2006] and Egan with
The Constant Gardener [2005]).

Yet assessing the film’s market potential was
far from straightforward. Soda had released
The First Grader (2010) on a limited run in 2011,
to disappointing results:

‘We’d done a film called The First Grader,
Justin Chadwick’s film set in Kenya,
about three years ago, and there were
certain similarities to this. That film
struggled to perform and there were
concerns whether HOAYS could work
in the marketplace.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

In the case of HOAYS, the director had an
enviable reputation on stage, but was an
unknown quantity on film (true of every debutant
filmmaker). More concerning, the film’s critical
reception lacked a raft of strong 4 and 5 star
reviews necessary to break out:

‘We knew the film was not going
to work at the mid-level because it
was never going to get strong critical
support. Even though it was a very
watchable film, you knew that as
a melodrama, as a film that uses
historical events as a structure for a
family drama, it was never going to
be seen critically as a strong film. In
our experience, you can’t make a film
perform in the core indie circuits, the
Picturehouses and Curzons, without
strong reviews.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

These factors can stymie any specialised film
release, but HOAYS faced additional, very
particular challenges. For one thing, there
was no obvious precedent for a mid-market,
prestige film with an all-Black cast. And while
the setting, source novel and casting had strong
potential appeal to audiences of African heritage,
particularly Nigerians, little hard research
evidence exists about Black cinema-going habits
in general, and the specific preferences and
behaviour of different groups within this wide
classification. In combination, these factors
placed the film deep in uncharted territory:
how would a glossy literary adaptation of this
order play to Black audiences, and would the
level of appeal be sufficient to generate decent
box office returns?

‘There was an early concern about
how we were going to reach a Black
minority ethnic audience for this film,
how big that market was and to what
extent that could form a realistic part
of the release.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

Despite Soda’s experience with The First Grader
(2010), there were grounds for optimism. A few
years earlier, Nigeria’s burgeoning film industry,
the world’s second most productive after India’s,
had finally broken into UK mainstream exhibition
when Odeon started programming regular
Nollywood screenings in London after presenting
The Successor (2006) at four venues as part of a
‘Celebrity Premiere Roadshow’ in partnership
with Film Africa. In other developments, October
2010 saw Deptford Town Hall host the Nollywood
Now! film festival, marking 50 years of Nigerian
independence, followed in 2011 with a West End
premiere for The Mirror Boy (2011), at the Empire
Leicester Square.

‘Audiences in Britain – who have
traditionally watched Nollywood films
at home on TV – are now demanding
cinematic screenings of new films.’

Moses Babatope, Odeon Cinema’s
special projects manager, quoted in
2010, www.eastlondonlines.co.uk

It is no coincidence that the emerging market
for Nollywood programming in the UK (albeit
on a modest scale compared with, for example,
Bollywood showings) occurred alongside a rise
in the number of people who identify as ‘Black
African’ in the British population. In 2001, the
Census for England and Wales reported that Black
Caribbean people outnumbered the Black African
population. When the Census was repeated 10
years later, the position had reversed: the Black
Caribbean population was stable at around
1.1% of the total population, while people who
identified as Black African accounted for 1.7%, up
from 0.8% a decade earlier. Nigerian-born British
residents alone numbered around 191,000 in 2011,
out of a total Black population of 1.8 million.

The question for Soda was therefore how best
to tap the fanbase for Nollywood films while
also connecting with a broader audience among
the wider Black population along with fans of
Adichie’s novel and cinemagoers tempted by
period family dramas.

1.2 CAMPAIGN STRATEGY

‘We needed a strategy that was a bit
more bespoke to this film.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

In view of the confounding mix of elements
that made HOAYS a challenging proposition
from a marketing perspective, and the many
unknowns surrounding its appeal, a stratified
approach, targeting different audiences with
tailored messaging, was required to maximise
effectiveness of the campaign spend.

Soda identified two over-lapping but distinctive
audience groups following exhibitor and test
screenings:

• ABC1 cinema goers and fans of the book;

• Black audiences in key cities (London,
Birmingham etc.) at non-central locations.

In both cases it was felt the film had greatest
appeal to the 30–44 age group, with a strong
female skew, although older audiences were also
considered viable targets on the strength of the
book’s popularity with book clubs.

Soda’s approach to theatrical bookings followed
this same logic, targeting independent sites in key
towns and cities frequented by upscale audiences
in search of specialised films, alongside selected
multiplexes where younger, urban audiences
could be served.

The campaign was designed to address the
former audience group in traditional fashion for a
prestige title, with a mix of press and PR activity
and mainstream media spend, although the lack
of strong reviews necessitated a focus on the
film’s literary source and the talent involved:

‘The reviews weren’t particularly strong,
which was obviously a shame, and we
were aware that for most people it was a
three star film so we were trying to sell
the story and the cast.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager,
Soda Pictures

Soda was optimistic about the film’s chances
with ABC1 audiences outside London, given the
subject matter and treatment:

‘We were quietly confident the film
would perform outside of London and
that a key market would be small
English market towns. I think that’s
where the film’s traditional approach,
the melodrama and the historical
subject, would be more appealing to
people at Theatre Chipping Norton than
at the Curzon Soho.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

This view was not necessarily shared by
exhibitors. David Sin, who attended an exhibitor
screening and subsequently booked the film for
Independent Cinema Office clients, remained
concerned the film might struggle to connect
with non-Black audiences:

‘Because the film has such a specific
historical setting, which most people in
this country aren’t particularly aware of
or have a connection with, it was going to
be much more difficult to make that film
break out from a very specific audience.’

David Sin, Head of Cinemas,
Independent Cinema Office

Having decided to target potential Black
audiences, Soda recognised the importance of
hiring in specialist support. The BFI’s New Model
award enabled the distributor to bring Kush
Promotions & PR on board, whose expertise
in marketing to urban audiences(built up over
16 years) helped inform the campaign design,
challenging the idea of a single, homogeneous
‘Black audience’:

‘A lot of film distributors, and the
industry as a whole, are ignorant of the
diversity within the Black population.
You have Africans, you have different
types of Africans, you also have African
Caribbean. We realised this film was
a great vehicle to bring African and
African Caribbean communities together.
Nigerians, Ghanaians, Gambians and
those from Uganda etc, are different to
more ‘westernised’ Black British cinema
goers. These Africans are involved in
the whole new British Nollywood scene.

I realised this could be an opportunity
to bring Black communities together,
increase revenues and help to educate
the African audience in terms of crossing
over to more mainstream cinema
experiences and customs relating to that
– like adhering to strict time schedules.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

In terms of geographical targeting, examination
of Census data for England and Wales revealed
significant Black populations concentrated in
major cities, led by London, Birmingham and
Manchester (see Table 1), and theatrical bookings
were sought on this basis. At a regional level, the
West Midlands and the South East of England were
the largest target markets after London (Table 2).

Kush’s task, working alongside Soda’s more
traditional marketing and PR activity on the film,
was to ensure as many members of the film’s
potential Black audience heard about the release
either directly or through word of mouth in the
run up to the opening weekend.

1.3 EXPECTATIONS

Soda based its box office forecasts on three
broadly comparable English language releases
with African settings. At the top end of the
scale, Paramount opened Goodbye Bafana (2007),
starring Joseph Fiennes, Dennis Haysbert and
Diane Kruger, across 41 screens in London and
key cities. At the lower end, The Mirror Boy (2011),
an independent release by the film’s production
company, achieved around £40,000 following a
limited opening on 10 screens.

Given the untested nature of Kush’s targeted
campaign and the lack of precedent for an
English-language historical drama with
a predominantly Black cast (none of the
comparable titles quite match this profile),
box office estimates were conservative.

Table 1: Key cities and Unitary Authorities with 10,000+
Black population, 2011

City/Unitary
Authority

% Black
population

Black
population
size

London 13.3% 1,087,134

Birmingham 8.9% 95,501

Manchester 8.6% 43,269

Leeds 3.5% 26,302

Bristol UA 6.0% 25,694

Nottingham UA 7.3% 22,315

Leicester UA 6.3% 20,780

Luton UA 9.8% 19,914

Coventry 5.5% 17,433

Wolverhampton 6.9% 17,2

Milton Keynes 6.8% 16,9

Thurrock UA 7.8% 12,301

Liverpool 2.6% 12,127

Slough UA 8.6% 12,058

Havering 4.8% 11,387

Northampton 5.1% 10,8

Reading UA 6.7% 10,432

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 2: Black population size by region,
England and Wales, 2011

City/Unitary
Authority
% Black
population
Black
population
size
London 13.3% 1,087,134

West Midlands 3.2% 179,259

South East 1.6% 138,156

East of England 2.0% 116,939

North West 1.3% 91,678

Yorkshire & Humber 1.5% 79,256

East Midlands 1.7% 77,065

South West 1.0% 52,889

Wales 0.6% 18,381

North East 0.4% 10,388

Source: Office for National Statistics

Table 3: Comparable theatrical releases

Title

Opening weekend WPR Total box
office grossScreens Box office gross Screen average

Goodbye Bafana (2007) Paramount 41 £45,756 £1,100 41 £129,305

The First Grader (2010) Soda Pictures 18 £10,815 £600 18 £41,255

The Mirror Boy (2011) OH Films 10 £13,645 £1,300 10 £39,819

Source: Soda Pictures

, Rentrak EDI
WPR = number of screens at widest point of release

At the upper end of its forecast range, Soda
Pictures anticipated a box office gross of £80,000
(with an opening weekend of £20,000). The
distributor was also aware that without key West
End sites there would inevitably be a lower ceiling
on returns:

‘The forecasts were cautious because in
terms of taking £5,000-£8,000 a day you
need core London sites and there was a
strong sense the film would struggle in
the West End.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

Table 4: Half of a Yellow Sun box office gross forecasts

Low Medium High

Opening
weekend gross

£10,000 £15,000 £20,000

Full box office
gross

£45,000 £60,000 £80,000

Source: Soda Pictures

1.4 EXECUTION

Soda Pictures brought in Kush Promotions &
PR around five weeks ahead of the theatrical
opening date. The campaign included a variety of
elements, with responsibility for delivery divided
between the distributor and specialist agency.

Soda handled theatrical bookings, mainstream
press and PR activity, media buying (including
print and outdoor advertising) and production
of the trailer and poster.

• In a month crowded with specialised film
openings, Soda’s chosen date, 11 April 2014,
saw a number of strong releases, including
eOne’s Calvary and The Raid 2, and The
Lunchbox from Curzon. The distributor
reasoned that the HOAYS target audiences
were sufficiently different to those of other
openers to make the date work, and its mixed
booking strategy (aimed at independent
venues in key towns and cities alongside
selected multiplex sites) would ensure it
met box office targets. Odeon booked the
film to open at seven of its venues (see
Table 5), while the film played at fourteen
Independent Cinema Office client venues
during the full run.

‘I thought it was worth booking at most
of our venues but it would be largely an
off date booking at the bigger venues,
and I thought the smaller, full time
venues would show it for 3 or 4 days
and the part time venues would show it
for 1 or 2 days.’

David Sin, Head of Cinemas,
Independent Cinema Office
11

Table 5: Opening weekend sites

Site Location

Arts Picturehouse Cambridge

Clapham Picturehouse London

Curzon Mayfair London

Irish Film Institute Dublin

Odeon Birmingham Broadway Plaza Birmingham

Odeon Greenwich London

Odeon Lee Valley London

Odeon Manchester Manchester

Odeon Panton Street London

Odeon Streatham London

Odeon Swiss Cottage London

Peckham Multiplex London

Ritzy Cinema London

Showroom Sheffield

Tricycle London

Vue Shepherds Bush London

Zeffirellis Ambleside

Source: Rentrak EDI

• Soda decided the campaign centerpiece
should involve a bold, high-profile premiere
at Streatham Odeon, attended by Chiwetel
Ejiofor, Thandie Newton and prominent
Nollywood acting talent. The idea was to
stage an event with a newsworthy hook,
provide PR opportunities with key cast
members and involve the local Black
population in activity usually reserved for
London’s West End:

‘That was the key element, the game
changer for this film. I give Soda all
the kudos for bringing Chiwetel Ejiofor,
Thandie Newton and the stars of
Half of a Yellow Sun to the community.
Even I had to ask myself, ‘Why do it
in Streatham?’. Other members of the
Black communities also asked, ‘Why
are you doing it there?’. But it was
ideal, in the heart of the south-London
community and because no other
distributor had really ever done that.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

• Staging the premiere in Streatham involving
A list talent was not without risk, and as
the decision was taken relatively late in the
planning process the costs had not featured
in the original campaign budget. In the event,

over 400 people attended and, as hoped,
the mainstream press covered the story,
in no small part due to Chiwetel Ejiofor’s
profile following the awards success of
12 Years a Slave:

‘Everything is riding on the crest of a
wave for Chiwetel Ejiofor: he’s out there
at the moment.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

‘Having [Chiwetel Ejiofor] here for a
couple of days delivered an instant
number of interviews, lots of television
and radio, as well as his attendance
at the premiere which encouraged
the other cast to want to attend. The
daily diary coverage off the back of the
premiere helped make the film more
prominent and possibly had an effect
on the opening weekend.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager,
Soda Pictures

• Soda worked with Ladbury, a PR agency with
an established relationship with director
Biyi Bandele, on features based around
the director. This, together with Chiwetel
Ejiofor’s presence at the premiere, ensured
consistently strong coverage across broadcast
and print media:

‘There was a huge amount of coverage:
we had great support from the director
and Chiwetel Ejiofor.

Because of the talent involved, and the
very accessible storyline, I treated it
as a mainstream campaign to cover
off the national media. I was working
as much as I could with the cast and
really approaching those key national
publications.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager,
Soda Pictures

• In the run up to release, HOAYS made a
number of festival and preview appearances.
In March 2014 the film followed it’s slot

in the ‘Dare’ strand of the 57th London
Film Festival the previous October with a
screening at Glasgow Film Festival. Previews,
in March and April 2014, at Arts Picturehouse
Cambridge, Peckham Multiplex in London
and Odeon Greenwich, featured Q&As
with Biyi Bandele and Chiwetel Ejiofor, and
the film was also screened as part of the
Transcending Boundaries charity event in
aid of Concern Worldwide.

• On 9 April, just ahead of the release, the
film also previewed at Odeon Parkway in
Birmingham, although attendance was low
as the event only received limited promotion
due to miscommunication between Soda
and Kush.

• Soda’s outdoor advertising campaign
included bus sides in London.

Working in parallel with Soda, Kush led activity
specifically targeting Black audiences, seeking to
raise awareness and generate buzz through as
many different channels as possible:

‘I like to have different prongs to the
attack so I’m creating awareness of the
product from different angles. The idea
was to use SMS marketing scheduled to
go out at specific times in the campaign
along with emails, building up towards
the screening, creating awareness of
the film, putting news or media clips
out there and sometimes exclusive
clips, running competitions to give
away products. We use a combination
of PR, getting DJs talking about the
film, competitions, and interviews with
myself talking about the film.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

Kush’s approach included:

• Promotional email and SMS text campaigns
via a proprietary mailing list and marketing
contact database of 15,000 Black cinema
goers. Four separate promotional emails were
sent out over the 5-week period of Kush’s
involvement, offering access to exclusive
clips, notifying readers of new website
content and calling on them to show support
for a new ‘Black film’.

In addition, two text messages were issued,
one at the start of Kush’s involvement and
the other the day before the film opened,
with a specific call to act.

‘From day one of running the Kush
Film Club we’ve always collected
names at screenings so I’ve got a strong
email and SMS database we use in all
campaigns, and most distributors come
to us to use the database.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

• Social media activity via Twitter and
Facebook. Kush managed the @HOAYSMovie
twitter account, increasing followers from a
base level of 200 to over 1,000 in a month of
online activity. The film’s Facebook likes grew
consistently, reaching 7,190 by mid May 2014.

‘A series of pre-planned tweets & posts
were created, along with breaking
stories, competitions, screening event
news & media clips to create “Buzz
talk” and attract traffic from the
targeted demographic to both the film’s
social media pages along with Kush
social media pages.’

From Kush’s HOAYS Marketing Report,
May 2014

• Broadcast media partnerships with Colourful
Radio (DAB/online station), and satellite/
online television stations Vox Africa and
BEN TV. Colourful Radio ran 80 advertising
air-time slots between 29 March and 7 April,
alongside editorial features, interviews
and a promotional competition. Vox Africa
provided 42 x 90 second advertising slots
between 29 March and 11 April, ran a
promotional competition to win tickets to
the UK premiere and aired the film trailer.
Finally, Marlon Palmer, Kush’s CEO, and
Nollywood actress/filmmaker Theodora
Ibekwe appeared on BEN TV’s ‘Pauline Long
Show’ on 2 April, a popular talk show that
features Nollywood film news.

The choice of media platforms was informed
by research that suggested Black-oriented
print publications, like The Voice, are less
influential than online broadcast channels:

‘There’s an idea that Black people read
certain publications in the UK but
when it comes down to it they’re a lot
less-read than you think. It is those
key broadcast and online outlets that
are much more relevant, like BEN
television, VOX Africa and all the more
specific African outlets.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager,
Soda Pictures

• Promotional material on Kushfilms.com
web site, including banner advertisements,
feature videos and talent interviews;

• Distribution of around 30,000 A5
flyers via ‘shop-drops’ in London and
Birmingham, at participating cinemas
alongside establishments serving large
Black communities including universities
and colleges, hair salons, hospitality sites
(restaurants, bars and nightclubs), record
shops and council offices, cultural events
and other arts venues. Kush had originally
planned to distribute 35,000 flyers but
protracted negotiations around media
partnerships meant final agreement of
partners’ logos carried on the flyers delayed
the print run, shortening the delivery
window ahead of release.

‘Flyers were something I did from
the party/music scene. It’s always
suggested in my proposals. Although
not all distributors take it up, many
have. Promotional flyers can be a good
way of getting the word out especially
up in the regions where you’re not
going to be on the ground.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

The broad headings of campaign costs are listed
in Table 6:

Table 6: Half of a Yellow Sun campaign costs

Cost %

Media
(includes print, outdoor, online
and broadcast advertising)

£49,593 44%

Publicity
(includes PR fees and
expenses, previews & press
screenings, premiere)

£37,567 34%

Production
(includes poster, trailer, TV and
radio ad production, flyers)

£8,870 8%

Digital and other
(includes virtual print fees,
exit polls and Insight Report)

£15,927 14%

TOTAL £111,957 100%

Source: Soda Pictures

SECTION TWO:

RESULTS

2.1 THEATRICAL BOX OFFICE

In the event, HOAYS performed well above
forecasts with a gross box office of £151,783 over
the course of a 13 week theatrical run. The film
opened on 17 screens at number 22 in the box
office rankings with a weekend tally of £32,473
(screen average= £1,910). In total the film played
at 63 venues across the UK during its run.

On one level, therefore, the theatrical release
can be judged a success. But Soda Pictures
acknowledges its forecasts were conservative,
and on reflection the film performed much as
hoped in the absence of bookings at key central
London sites:

‘Whilst I’m pleased with the number
of cinemas it’s gone to and pleased that
it’s broken our estimates, the estimates
themselves were quite low. It’s over
£150,000 now, and that seems a decent
result for what one could expect from
theatrical. I think it pegs well with

other films in this area. Precisely
because it’s not breaking out in the
West End, there isn’t that primary level
of earnings. Without that West End
drive you can’t really over perform.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

At this point it is worth commenting on the
importance of key locations and sites to the film’s
overall performance, which was dominated by
London-based venues.

In all, London sites accounted for 69% of all the
money HOAYS grossed during its theatrical run.
Of this total, the Odeon circuit took £68,000 in
London, led by a 13 week run at Odeon Panton
Street, which programmes specialised titles
whose runs have ended elsewhere.

Table 7: Box office share by city/town

City/Town
% of total box
office gross

London 69.1%

Birmingham 2.8%

Cambridge 2.7%

Bristol 1.8%

Glasgow 1.6%

Sheffield 1.5%

Nottingham 1.5%

Shrewsbury 1.5%

Manchester 1.3%

Leicester 1.0%

Coventry 1.0%

Spalding, Hebden Bridge, Street, Ambleside, Evesham, Inverness, Canterbury, Belper,
Mold, Saffron Walden, Bury St Edmunds, Chichester, Woodbridge, Dartington, Bath, Poole,
Tewkesbury, Northampton, Derby, Newbury, Hexham, Melton Mowbray, Ludlow, Welwyn,
Berwick, Wareham, Kingsbridge, Knutsford, Lewes, Barton Under, Needwood, Lincoln, Dumfries

<1.0% each

Source: Rentrak EDI

Regionally, outside London and key cities like
Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol,
Nottingham and Derby, the film performed
in line with expectation according to the
Independent Cinema Office:

‘It achieved what I thought it would.
In respect of our venues, the Kush
campaign didn’t really have any effect
at all on the performance of the film.
We didn’t tailor the programming
with reference to the Kush campaign,
and the film has performed to about
our expectation without taking into
consideration an additional campaign.
We just treated it as a regular release
from Soda.’

David Sin, Head of Cinemas,
Independent Cinema Office

With the exception of Zefferellis in Ambleside,
these market town and city screenings comprised
off-date bookings that ran for one or two days.
Across 33 such venues, the box office gross stood
at £24,812, or 16% of the total, and the average
run lasted a week. In short, the film performed
respectably at a regional level, but no more than to
be expected for a title lacking 4 and 5 star reviews.

Interestingly, the best performing regional
venues (Old Market Hall Cinema in Shrewsbury,
the Phoenix in Leicester and the Warwick Arts
Centre in Coventry), are all in the Midlands,
which correlates with the largest Black
population outside London. In the absence of
audience research at these specific venues it is
impossible to determine whether they attracted
larger than usual Black audiences, or if other
factors were at play.

2.2 AUDIENCES

The only source of hard evidence we have about
audience demographics comes from opening
weekend exit polls conducted by First Movies
International on behalf of Soda Pictures. The
surveys were administered at Showroom in
Sheffield and Odeon sites in Streatham and
Greenwich, during two performances on Saturday
12 April.

Looking across the results for all three venues
combined, the survey indicates the film found a
sizeable Black audience in the opening weekend:

56% of respondents described themselves as
either ‘Black British’ or ‘Black other’. As expected,
the audience was skewed towards young females
(68% of respondents were female, and 56% were
under 35; females under 35 made up 42% of the
opening weekend audience). The average age of
the audience was 36, which falls in the middle of
the 30-44 age range anticipated by the campaign
strategy.

The results confirm Kush Film’s advice to Soda
Pictures to target women and those aged 30+:

‘In all my years I’ve been doing
screenings I would say 70% of my
audiences are female and always have
been. It is Black women that really
come out and support films and spend
their money. Romantic comedies, love
stories, films like Half of a Yellow Sun, are
easier to sell as a result. I’ve done many
screenings where women come along
with their friends & daughters. We don’t
usually get 21 year olds coming along
by themselves or in groups. More likely
to get groups aged 30 plus and others
in their 40s and 50s. You find generally
within the Black community people
right up to 50 years old still like to go out
and watch films in a nice atmosphere
with like-minded compatriots.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

Despite the film’s mixed critical reaction, HOAYS
was rated favourably by 64% of the audience, 4%
above the industry norm, and females under 35
were more likely than other groups to rate the
film highly. 89% of respondents would ‘probably’
or ‘definitely’ recommend the film to friends and
family, rising to 93% among Black respondents,
suggesting word of mouth was a prominent driver
of attendances.

SECTION THREE:

DISCUSSION AND LESSONS
Soda’s release campaign, supported by the New
Models award, was intended to explore whether:

• a prestige historical drama with a
predominantly Black cast could attract a
significant number of Black cinema goers,
including younger multiplex visitors. At
Kush’s suggestion, the campaign was also
a test of whether Black African audiences,
accustomed to seeing Nollywood films at
multiplex venues in key cities, could be
encouraged to attend a more mainstream,
English-language title set in Africa;

• and whether an ‘urban’ promotional
campaign aimed at Black communities and
led by a specialist agency (Kush Promotions
& PR) provides an effective means of reaching
minority ethnic target audiences.

On the first point, the available evidence suggests
audience targeting was appropriate. We cannot
say for certain how many admissions were
made by Black cinema goers, but exit poll data
indicates this audience segment made up a large
proportion of opening weekend attendances,
although the numbers varied by venue (88%
of respondents at Odeon Greenwich described
themselves as ‘Black British’ or ‘Black other’,
compared with 58% at Odeon Streatham and 21%
at Showroom).

Odeon Greenwich also recorded the youngest
audience profile, with 69% under 35s, compared
with 50% at Odeon Streatham and 41% at
Showroom, which lends credence to Soda’s
multiplex strategy to attract younger audiences.

As the survey did not differentiate between Black
African, Black Caribbean and other subgroups
it is not possible to say if traditional supporters
of Nollywood films came out in any force for
HOAYS, although anecdotal evidence suggests
this to have been the case:

‘It would be very hard to get any direct
numbers but from what I saw, the film
definitely attracted African and African
Caribbean audiences (especially
Black British Africans). We specially
used prominent British NoIlywood
movers and shakers to promote the

collaboration between them and Kush
and I believe there was at least a 50:50
turnout at the premiere – Nigerians
displayed their pride that this was a
Nigerian/African film. And the buzz
on social media shows the campaign
created a lot of awareness of the need
for African and African Caribbean
communities to come together
and support this particular film. I
personally was a leading voice in this.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

It is harder to isolate and judge the impact of
Kush’s targeted campaign, not least as high
profile press coverage around Chiwetel Ejiofor
following the success of 12 Years a Slave is likely
to have had a bearing on the film’s performance,
alongside other elements like the book’s
dedicated following.

Print media, which included a number of
features and interviews with the actor, were
cited by 13% of exit poll respondents as a source
of information about the film (one of the most
common sources cited by respondents), and
45% of exit poll respondents said the novel was
a bait to attendance (making it the single most
important factor to influence decision making).
But as Kush’s marketing activity traded on both
these elements, as did the wider PR campaign
mounted by Soda Pictures, it would be unfair to
exclude them from consideration altogether.

Turning to the available evidence, findings
from opening weekend exit polls suggest Kush’s
grassroots marketing campaign supported
by media partnerships linked to the black
community helped to mobilise target audiences.
However, as Table 8 shows, the awareness
raising performance of different elements of the
campaign varied widely.

The Internet, personal recommendations, TV
and social media were particularly important
in raising awareness of the film among Black
survey respondents, while text messaging and
radio (which formed important parts of Kush’s

campaign) had less impact on opening weekend
audiences (although we cannot rule out the
possibility that word of mouth from friends and
relatives was triggered by one or other elements
of Kush’s grassroots campaign).

The exit poll results confirm the assumption that
Black audiences are less likely than other ethnic
groups to rely on print media for information,
which supports the general principle tested by
this New Model that alternative communication
channels (online, TV and social media) are
important for reaching specific target groups.

Flyers, another prominent part of Kush’s
campaign, had limited impact according to
the exit polls. They were cited as a source of
information by only 1% of exit poll respondents,
and this did not vary by ethnic group.
Ultimately, though, isolating the success of
individual elements of Kush’s campaign in
raising awareness of HOAYS is unhelpful, as the
approach was designed to have a cumulative
effect across a number of strands in
a concentrated time period ahead of release.

Looking at the effectiveness of Kush’s promotional
activity from another angle, the importance of
Odeon’s support for HOAYS cannot be denied.
In terms of box office returns, the circuit was
critical to the film’s performance in key cities.
This raises an interesting discussion point, as
Soda’s Edward Fletcher noted in interview: did
Odeon’s involvement have greater influence on
box office returns than the targeted campaign?

‘We wouldn’t traditionally get an art
house film into the Odeon Streatham.
But Odeon recognised that this film
had interest for their local audience.
One could argue just by the mere fact

that they put it in their cinema and
sold it may have had more effect than
Kush’s targeted campaign.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

Certainly the exit poll findings indicate that
cinema promotions, including via cinema web
sites, trailers before films, and point of sale
posters/displays/standees, were as influential
on awareness of the film as newspaper and
magazine articles, and second only to word
of mouth from friends or relatives. This fact,
coupled with Odeon Streatham hosting the
official premiere, the circuit playing the film
for 13 weeks at its Panton Street site, and the
company’s established track record of Nollywood
programming, all helped to cultivate an audience
for HOAYS.

Yet Kush also played a part here, building
confidence that HOAYS had the potential to
tap established Nollywood audiences:

‘Odeon already do regular Nollywood
screenings. As soon as we said we
were talking to companies involved
with Nollywood releases, Odeon
felt confident this shouldn’t be any
different to their regular Nollywood
programme with its pre-existing
following for African cinema.’

Edward Fletcher, Managing Director,
Soda Pictures

Table 8: From which sources did you become aware of Half of a Yellow Sun?

Source of awareness Black % Other ethnic
group %

More influential on Black
than other respondents

Internet 31% 21%

Friends/relatives 30% 28%

TV 15% 8%

Facebook/twitter 9% 4%

Email 2% 1%

Less influential on Black
than other respondents

Cinema campaigns 25% 28%

Print 14% 22%

Text messaging 3% 13%

Radio 0% 8%

Source: First Movies International

Bringing Kush on board paid other dividends for
Soda, enabling the distributor to draw upon a
network of pre-established connections:

‘Because Kush have quite intimate
relationships with a lot of the Black
media companies it was helpful.’

Nicola Milburn, Marketing Manager,
Soda Pictures

‘Having Kush enabled us to make
new connections with some of the
outlets that perhaps we wouldn’t have
known of. I think it was essential to
have someone specialist there. Having
someone who can really talk up the
film and generate good word of mouth
was really helpful. I would definitely
use an agency like that again for
another film.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager, Soda
Pictures

One potential challenge of any relationship
between a distributor and specialist agency lies
in negotiating differences in working practice and
organisational culture. In the case of the HOAYS
campaign, misunderstandings led to confusion
around the preview screening in Birmingham,
and also contributed to the late printing and
distribution of flyers.

The preview screening was a victim of a simple
breakdown in communication, highlighting
the importance of maintaining regular contact
between distributor and specialist agency for a
smooth-running campaign.

Problems with the flyers resulted from a more
deep-seated issue to do with expectations around
the terms of trade with Black media companies,
as Kush’s Marlon Palmer explained:

‘Within the Black community and
Black businesses, there’s been this
argument for some time now that when
Black films are released mainstream
distributors never have any marketing
spend to advertise films with them.
Distributors are always going to The
Voice newspaper, to Colourful Radio

or TV companies like Vox Africa or
OH TV asking for things for free, and
there’s never any budget. A lot of them
are totally fed-up with this and have
spoken directly to me to see what can
be done as they’re not going to give free
advertising or editorial any more.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

In consequence, late into planning Soda
discovered that the media company relationships
brokered by Kush required a budget line, and the
flyers were delayed as a result of the ensuing
negotiations.

‘A small but reasonable budget had to
be agreed after much back and forth
with Vox Africa to become an official
media partner, enhancing the status of
the whole campaign within the wider
African community.’

Marlon Palmer, CEO,
Kush Promotions & PR

The lesson is clear: good quality editorial support
requires an appropriate campaign spend, and
distributors should not take community media
outlets for granted:

‘Some of these outlets would not be
willing to give widespread coverage
unless we were able to spend money
with them. So I think that was where
we perhaps came across a bit of a
barrier because we didn’t have enough
in the fund. In hindsight we would
need more in the budget to spend with
those really important Black outlets,
to give us great editorial coverage
but also to support them with all the
promotions they want to do.’

Olivia Jarvis, Publicity Manager,
Soda Pictures

APPENDIX:

RESEARCH

METHODS

Three strands of evidence gathering were
employed in researching this Insight Report:

• Desk research
Review of published and unpublished sources
about the film and conditions in the UK
exhibition market at the time of the film’s
release, including exit poll data supplied by
First Movies International.

• Interviews
Telephone interviews, lasting up to 45
minutes, were held with key players in the
release campaign: Marlon Palmer (CEO, Kush
Promotions & PR); Edward Fletcher (Managing
Director, Soda Pictures); Olivia Jarvis
(Publicity Manager, Soda Pictures); Nicola
Milburn (Marketing Manager, Soda Pictures);
and David Sin (Head of Cinemas, Independent
Cinema Office).

• Data analysis
Site-by-site box office gross figures, supplied
by Rentrak EDI, were collated and analysed
for the period from opening weekend to the
end of the film’s theatrical run. Data was
generated describing the film’s opening
weekend and total grosses, and performance
in and outside London, by site and circuit,
and over time.

bfi.org.uk

Report prepared by Jim Barratt
Bigger Picture Research
biggerpictureresearch.com

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

Copyright © 2016 by Trevor Noah
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Spiegel
& Grau, an imprint of Random House, a
division of Penguin Random House LLC,
New York.
SPI EG EL & GRAU and Design is a
registered trademark of Penguin Random
House LLC.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-
Publication Data
Names: Noah, Trevor, author.
Title: Born a crime: stories from a South
African childhood / by Trevor Noah.
Description: First edition. | New York :
Spiegel & Grau, 2016.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016031399| ISBN

9780399588174 | ISBN 9780399590443
(international) | ISBN 9780399588181
(ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Noah, Trevor |
Comedians—United States—Biography. |
Comedians—South Africa—Biography. |
Television personalities—United States—
Biography.
Classification: LCC PN2287.N557 A3 2016
| DDC 791.4502/8092 [B]—dc23 LC
record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/
2016031399
Ebook ISBN 9780399588181
spiegelandgrau.com
Book design by Susan Turner, adapted
for ebook
Cover design: Greg Mollica
Cover image: Mark Stutzman, based on a
photograph by Kwaku Alston (Trevor

https://lccn.loc.gov/2016031399

http://spiegelandgrau.com

Noah); Getty Images (background)
v4.1
ep

Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Immorality Act, 1927
Part I
Chapter 1: Run
Chapter 2: Born a Crime
Chapter 3: Trevor, Pray
Chapter 4: Chameleon
Chapter 5: The Second Girl

Chapter 6: Loopholes
Chapter 7: Fufi
Chapter 8: Robert
Part II
Chapter 9: The Mulberry Tree
Chapter 10: A Young Man’s Long,
Awkward, Occasionally Tragic,
and Frequently Humiliating
Education in Affairs of the
Heart, Part I: Valentine’s Day
Chapter 11: Outsider
Chapter 12: A Young Man’s Long,
Awkward, Occasionally Tragic,
and Frequently Humiliating
Education in Affairs of the

Heart, Part II: The Crush
Chapter 13: Colorblind
Chapter 14: A Young Man’s Long,
Awkward, Occasionally Tragic,
and Frequently Humiliating
Education in Affairs of the
Heart, Part III: The Dance
Part III
Chapter 15: Go Hitler!
Chapter 16: The Cheese Boys
Chapter 17: The World Doesn’t
Love You
Chapter 18: My Mother’s Life
Dedication

Acknowledgments
About the Author

IMMORALITY
ACT, 1927
To prohibit illicit carnal
intercourse between
Europeans and natives
and other acts in relation
thereto.
B E IT ENACTED by the King’s
Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate

and the House of Assembly of the
Union of South Africa, as follows:—
1. Any European male who has
illicit carnal intercourse with a
native female, and any native male
who has illicit carnal intercourse
with a European female…shall be
guilty of an offence and liable on
conviction to imprisonment for a
period not exceeding five years.
2. Any native female who
permits any European male to have
illicit carnal intercourse with her
and any European female who
permits any native male to have
illicit carnal intercourse with her
shall be guilty of an offence and
liable on conviction to
imprisonment for a period not
exceeding four years….

T h e geniu s of aparth eid was
convincing people wh o were th e
overwh elming majority to tu rn on
each oth er. Apart h ate, is wh at it
was. You separate people into
grou ps and make th em h ate one
anoth er so you can ru n th em all.
At th e time, black Sou th
Africans ou tnu mbered wh ite Sou th
Africans nearly five to one, yet we
were divided into different tribes
with different langu ages: Zu lu ,
Xh osa, Tswana, Soth o, Venda,
Ndebele, Tsonga, Pedi, and more.
Long before aparth eid existed
th ese tribal factions clash ed and

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

warred with one anoth er. Th en
wh ite ru le u sed th at animosity to
divide and conqu er. All nonwh ites
were systematically classified into
variou s grou ps and su bgrou ps.
Th en th ese grou ps were given
differing levels of righ ts and
privileges in order to keep th em at
odds.
Perh aps th e starkest of th ese
divisions was between Sou th
Africa’s two dominant grou ps, th e
Zu lu and th e Xh osa. Th e Zu lu man
is known as th e warrior. He is
prou d. He pu ts h is h ead down and
figh ts. Wh en th e colonial armies
invaded, th e Zu lu ch arged into
battle with noth ing bu t spears and
sh ields against men with gu ns. Th e
Zu lu were slau gh tered by th e
th ou sands, bu t th ey never stopped

figh ting. Th e Xh osa, on th e oth er
h and, pride th emselves on being
th e th inkers. My moth er is Xh osa.
Nelson Mandela was Xh osa. Th e
Xh osa waged a long war against th e
wh ite man as well, bu t after
experiencing th e fu tility of battle
against a better-armed foe, many
Xh osa ch iefs took a more nimble
approach . “Th ese wh ite people are
h ere wh eth er we like it or not,”
th ey said. “Let’s see wh at tools th ey
possess th at can be u sefu l to u s.
I nstead of being resistant to
English , let’s learn English . We’ll
u nderstand wh at th e wh ite man is
saying, and we can force h im to
negotiate with u s.”
Th e Zu lu went to war with th e
wh ite man. Th e Xh osa played ch ess
with th e wh ite man. For a long time

neith er was particu larly
su ccessfu l, and each blamed th e
oth er for a problem neith er h ad
created. Bitterness festered. For
decades th ose feelings were h eld in
ch eck by a common enemy. Th en
aparth eid fell, Mandela walked
free, and black Sou th Africa went
to war with itself.

RUN
Sometimes in big Hollywood
movies they’ll have these crazy
chase scenes where somebody
jumps or gets thrown from a
moving car. The person hits the
ground and rolls for a bit. Then they
come to a stop and pop up and dust
themselves off, like it was no big

deal. Whenever I see that I think,
That’s rubbish. Getting thrown out
of a moving car hurts way worse
than that.
I was nine years old when my
mother threw me out of a moving
car. It happened on a Sunday. I
know it was on a Sunday because
we were coming home from church,
and every Sunday in my childhood
meant church. We never missed
church. My mother was—and still is
—a deeply religious woman. Very
Christian. Like indigenous peoples
around the world, black South
Africans adopted the religion of our
colonizers. By “adopt” I mean it was

forced on us. The white man was
quite stern with the native. “You
need to pray to Jesus,” he said.
“Jesus will save you.” To which the
native replied, “Well, we do need to
be saved—saved from you, but
that’s beside the point. So let’s give
this Jesus thing a shot.”
My whole family is religious,
but where my mother was Team
Jesus all the way, my grandmother
balanced her Christian faith with
the traditional Xhosa beliefs she’d
grown up with, communicating
with the spirits of our ancestors.
For a long time I didn’t understand
why so many black people had

abandoned their indigenous faith
for Christianity. But the more we
went to church and the longer I sat
in those pews the more I learned
about how Christianity works: If
you’re Native American and you
pray to the wolves, you’re a savage.
If you’re African and you pray to
your ancestors, you’re a primitive.
But when white people pray to a
guy who turns water into wine,
well, that’s just common sense.
My childhood involved church,
or some form of church, at least
four nights a week. Tuesday night
was the prayer meeting. Wednesday
night was Bible study. Thursday

night was Youth church. Friday and
Saturday we had off. (Time to sin!)
Then on Sunday we went to church.
Three churches, to be precise. The
reason we went to three churches
was because my mom said each
church gave her something
different. The first church offered
jubilant praise of the Lord. The
second church offered deep analysis
of the scripture, which my mom
loved. The third church offered
passion and catharsis; it was a place
where you truly felt the presence of
the Holy Spirit inside you.
Completely by coincidence, as we
moved back and forth between

these churches, I noticed that each
one had its own distinct racial
makeup: Jubilant church was mixed
church. Analytical church was white
church. And passionate, cathartic
church, that was black church.
Mixed church was Rhema Bible
Church. Rhema was one of those
huge, supermodern, suburban
megachurches. The pastor, Ray
McCauley, was an ex-bodybuilder
with a big smile and the personality
of a cheerleader. Pastor Ray had
competed in the 1974 Mr. Universe
competition. He placed third. The
winner that year was Arnold
Schwarzenegger. Every week, Ray

would be up onstage working really
hard to make Jesus cool. There was
arena-style seating and a rock band
jamming out with the latest
Christian contemporary pop.
Everyone sang along, and if you
didn’t know the words that was
okay because they were all right up
there on the Jumbotron for you. It
was Christian karaoke, basically. I
always had a blast at mixed church.
White church was Rosebank
Union in Sandton, a very white and
wealthy part of Johannesburg. I
loved white church because I didn’t
actually have to go to the main
service. My mom would go to that,

and I would go to the youth side, to
Sunday school. In Sunday school we
got to read cool stories. Noah and
the flood was obviously a favorite; I
had a personal stake there. But I
also loved the stories about Moses
parting the Red Sea, David slaying
Goliath, Jesus whipping the money
changers in the temple.
I grew up in a home with very
little exposure to popular culture.
Boyz II Men were not allowed in my
mother’s house. Songs about some
guy grinding on a girl all night long?
No, no, no. That was forbidden. I’d
hear the other kids at school
singing “End of the Road,” and I’d

have no clue what was going on. I
knew of these Boyz II Men, but I
didn’t really know who they were.
The only music I knew was from
church: soaring, uplifting songs
praising Jesus. It was the same with
movies. My mom didn’t want my
mind polluted by movies with sex
and violence. So the Bible was my
action movie. Samson was my
superhero. He was my He-Man. A
guy beating a thousand people to
death with the jawbone of a
donkey? That’s pretty badass.
Eventually you get to Paul writing
letters to the Ephesians and it loses
the plot, but the Old Testament and

the Gospels? I could quote you
anything from those pages, chapter
and verse. There were Bible games
and quizzes every week at white
church, and I kicked everyone’s ass.
Then there was black church.
There was always some kind of
black church service going on
somewhere, and we tried them all.
In the township, that typically
meant an outdoor, tent-revival-style
church. We usually went to my
grandmother’s church, an old-
school Methodist congregation, five
hundred African grannies in blue-
and-white blouses, clutching their
Bibles and patiently burning in the

hot African sun. Black church was
rough, I won’t lie. No air-
conditioning. No lyrics up on
Jumbotrons. And it lasted forever,
three or four hours at least, which
confused me because white church
was only like an hour—in and out,
thanks for coming. But at black
church I would sit there for what
felt like an eternity, trying to figure
out why time moved so slowly. Is it
possible for time to actually stop? If
so, why does it stop at black church
and not at white church? I
eventually decided black people
needed more time with Jesus
because we suffered more. “I’m

here to fill up on my blessings for
the week,” my mother used to say.
The more time we spent at church,
she reckoned, the more blessings
we accrued, like a Starbucks
Rewards Card.
Black church had one saving
grace. If I could make it to the third
or fourth hour I’d get to watch the
pastor cast demons out of people.
People possessed by demons would
start running up and down the
aisles like madmen, screaming in
tongues. The ushers would tackle
them, like bouncers at a club, and
hold them down for the pastor. The
pastor would grab their heads and

violently shake them back and
forth, shouting, “I cast out this
spirit in the name of Jesus!” Some
pastors were more violent than
others, but what they all had in
common was that they wouldn’t
stop until the demon was gone and
the congregant had gone limp and
collapsed on the stage. The person
had to fall. Because if he didn’t fall
that meant the demon was powerful
and the pastor needed to come at
him even harder. You could be a
linebacker in the NFL. Didn’t
matter. That pastor was taking you
down. Good Lord, that was fun.
Christian karaoke, badass

action stories, and violent faith
healers—man, I loved church. The
thing I didn’t love was the lengths
we had to go to in order to get to
church. It was an epic slog. We lived
in Eden Park, a tiny suburb way
outside Johannesburg. It took us an
hour to get to white church, another
forty-five minutes to get to mixed
church, and another forty-five
minutes to drive out to Soweto for
black church. Then, if that wasn’t
bad enough, some Sundays we’d
double back to white church for a
special evening service. By the time
we finally got home at night, I’d
collapse into bed.

This particular Sunday, the
Sunday I was hurled from a moving
car, started out like any other
Sunday. My mother woke me up,
made me porridge for breakfast. I
took my bath while she dressed my
baby brother Andrew, who was nine
months old. Then we went out to
the driveway, but once we were
finally all strapped in and ready to
go, the car wouldn’t start. My mom
had this ancient, broken-down,
bright-tangerine Volkswagen Beetle
that she picked up for next to
nothing. The reason she got it for
next to nothing was because it was
always breaking down. To this day I

hate secondhand cars. Almost
everything that’s ever gone wrong
in my life I can trace back to a
secondhand car. Secondhand cars
made me get detention for being
late for school. Secondhand cars left
us hitchhiking on the side of the
freeway. A secondhand car was also
the reason my mom got married. If
it hadn’t been for the Volkswagen
that didn’t work, we never would
have looked for the mechanic who
became the husband who became
the stepfather who became the man
who tortured us for years and put a
bullet in the back of my mother’s
head—I’ll take the new car with the

warranty every time.
As much as I loved church, the
idea of a nine-hour slog, from
mixed church to white church to
black church then doubling back to
white church again, was just too
much to contemplate. It was bad
enough in a car, but taking public
transport would be twice as long
and twice as hard. When the
Volkswagen refused to start, inside
my head I was praying, Please say
we’ll just stay home. Please say
we’ll just stay home. Then I glanced
over to see the determined look on
my mother’s face, her jaw set, and I
knew I had a long day ahead of me.

“Come,” she said. “We’re going
to catch minibuses.”
—
My mother is as stubborn as she is
religious. Once her mind’s made up,
that’s it. Indeed, obstacles that
would normally lead a person to
change their plans, like a car
breaking down, only made her more
determined to forge ahead.
“It’s the Devil,” she said about
the stalled car. “The Devil doesn’t
want us to go to church. That’s why
we’ve got to catch minibuses.”
Whenever I found myself up

against my mother’s faith-based
obstinacy, I would try, as
respectfully as possible, to counter
with an opposing point of view.
“Or,” I said, “the Lord knows
that today we shouldn’t go to
church, which is why he made sure
the car wouldn’t start, so that we
stay at home as a family and take a
day of rest, because even the Lord
rested.”
“Ah, that’s the Devil talking,
Trevor.”
“No, because Jesus is in
control, and if Jesus is in control
and we pray to Jesus, he would let
the car start, but he hasn’t,

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

therefore—”
“No, Trevor! Sometimes Jesus
puts obstacles in your way to see if
you overcome them. Like Job. This
could be a test.”
“Ah! Yes, Mom. But the test
could be to see if we’re willing to
accept what has happened and stay
at home and praise Jesus for his
wisdom.”
“No. That’s the Devil talking.
Now go change your clothes.”
“But, Mom!”
“Trevor! Sun’qhela!”
Sun’qhela is a phrase with
many shades of meaning. It says

“don’t undermine me,” “don’t
underestimate me,” and “just try
me.” It’s a command and a threat,
all at once. It’s a common thing for
Xhosa parents to say to their kids.
Any time I heard it I knew it meant
the conversation was over, and if I
uttered another word I was in for a
hiding—what we call a spanking.
At the time, I attended a private
Catholic school called Maryvale
College. I was the champion of the
Maryvale sports day every single
year, and my mother won the
moms’ trophy every single year.
Why? Because she was always
chasing me to kick my ass, and I

was always running not to get my
ass kicked. Nobody ran like me and
my mom. She wasn’t one of those
“Come over here and get your
hiding” type moms. She’d deliver it
to you free of charge. She was a
thrower, too. Whatever was next to
her was coming at you. If it was
something breakable, I had to catch
it and put it down. If it broke, that
would be my fault, too, and the ass-
kicking would be that much worse.
If she threw a vase at me, I’d have
to catch it, put it down, and then
run. In a split second, I’d have to
think, Is it valuable? Yes. Is it
breakable? Yes. Catch it, put it

down, now run.
We had a very Tom and Jerry
relationship, me and my mom. She
was the strict disciplinarian; I was
naughty as shit. She would send me
out to buy groceries, and I wouldn’t
come right home because I’d be
using the change from the milk and
bread to play arcade games at the
supermarket. I loved videogames. I
was a master at Street Fighter. I
could go forever on a single play. I’d
drop a coin in, time would fly, and
the next thing I knew there’d be a
woman behind me with a belt. It
was a race. I’d take off out the door
and through the dusty streets of

Eden Park, clambering over walls,
ducking through backyards. It was a
normal thing in our neighborhood.
Everybody knew: That Trevor child
would come through like a bat out
of hell, and his mom would be right
there behind him. She could go at a
full sprint in high heels, but if she
really wanted to come after me she
had this thing where she’d kick her
shoes off while still going at top
speed. She’d do this weird move
with her ankles and the heels would
go flying and she wouldn’t even
miss a step. That’s when I knew,
Okay, she’s in turbo mode now.
When I was little she always

caught me, but as I got older I got
faster, and when speed failed her
she’d use her wits. If I was about to
get away she’d yell, “Stop! Thief!”
She’d do this to her own child. In
South Africa, nobody gets involved
in other people’s business—unless
it’s mob justice, and then everybody
wants in. So she’d yell “Thief!”
knowing it would bring the whole
neighborhood out against me, and
then I’d have strangers trying to
grab me and tackle me, and I’d have
to duck and dive and dodge them as
well, all the while screaming, “I’m
not a thief! I’m her son!”
The last thing I wanted to do

that Sunday morning was climb
into some crowded minibus, but the
second I heard my mom say
sun’qhela I knew my fate was
sealed. She gathered up Andrew and
we climbed out of the Volkswagen
and went out to try to catch a ride.
—
I was five years old, nearly six,
when Nelson Mandela was released
from prison. I remember seeing it
on TV and everyone being happy. I
didn’t know why we were happy,
just that we were. I was aware of
the fact that there was a thing called
apartheid and it was ending and

that was a big deal, but I didn’t
understand the intricacies of it.
What I do remember, what I
will never forget, is the violence
that followed. The triumph of
democracy over apartheid is
sometimes called the Bloodless
Revolution. It is called that because
very little white blood was spilled.
Black blood ran in the streets.
As the apartheid regime fell, we
knew that the black man was now
going to rule. The question was,
which black man? Spates of
violence broke out between the
Inkatha Freedom Party and the
ANC, the African National

Congress, as they jockeyed for
power. The political dynamic
between these two groups was very
complicated, but the simplest way
to understand it is as a proxy war
between Zulu and Xhosa. The
Inkatha was predominantly Zulu,
very militant and very nationalistic.
The ANC was a broad coalition
encompassing many different
tribes, but its leaders at the time
were primarily Xhosa. Instead of
uniting for peace they turned on
one another, committing acts of
unbelievable savagery. Massive
riots broke out. Thousands of
people were killed. Necklacing was

common. That’s where people
would hold someone down and put
a rubber tire over his torso, pinning
his arms. Then they’d douse him
with petrol and set him on fire and
burn him alive. The ANC did it to
Inkatha. Inkatha did it to the ANC. I
saw one of those charred bodies on
the side of the road one day on my
way to school. In the evenings my
mom and I would turn on our little
black-and-white TV and watch the
news. A dozen people killed. Fifty
people killed. A hundred people
killed.
Eden Park sat not far from the
sprawling townships of the East

Rand, Thokoza and Katlehong,
which were the sites of some of the
most horrific Inkatha–ANC clashes.
Once a month at least we’d drive
home and the neighborhood would
be on fire. Hundreds of rioters in
the street. My mom would edge the
car slowly through the crowds and
around blockades made of flaming
tires. Nothing burns like a tire—it
rages with a fury you can’t imagine.
As we drove past the burning
blockades, it felt like we were inside
an oven. I used to say to my mom,
“I think Satan burns tires in Hell.”
Whenever the riots broke out,
all our neighbors would wisely hole

up behind closed doors. But not my
mom. She’d head straight out, and
as we’d inch our way past the
blockades, she’d give the rioters this
look. Let me pass. I’m not involved
in this shit. She was unwavering in
the face of danger. That always
amazed me. It didn’t matter that
there was a war on our doorstep.
She had things to do, places to be. It
was the same stubbornness that
kept her going to church despite a
broken-down car. There could be
five hundred rioters with a blockade
of burning tires on the main road
out of Eden Park, and my mother
would say, “Get dressed. I’ve got to

go to work. You’ve got to go to
school.”
“But aren’t you afraid?” I’d say.
“There’s only one of you and there’s
so many of them.”
“Honey, I’m not alone,” she’d
say. “I’ve got all of Heaven’s angels
behind me.”
“Well, it would be nice if we
could see them,” I’d say. “Because I
don’t think the rioters know they’re
there.”
She’d tell me not to worry. She
always came back to the phrase she
lived by: “If God is with me, who
can be against me?” She was never
scared. Even when she should have

been.
—
That carless Sunday we made our
circuit of churches, ending up, as
usual, at white church. When we
walked out of Rosebank Union it
was dark and we were alone. It had
been an endless day of minibuses
from mixed church to black church
to white church, and I was
exhausted. It was nine o’clock at
least. In those days, with all the
violence and riots going on, you did
not want to be out that late at night.
We were standing at the corner of
Jellicoe Avenue and Oxford Road,

right in the heart of Johannesburg’s
wealthy, white suburbia, and there
were no minibuses. The streets
were empty.
I so badly wanted to turn to my
mom and say, “You see? This is why
God wanted us to stay home.” But
one look at the expression on her
face, and I knew better than to
speak. There were times I could talk
smack to my mom—this was not
one of them.
We waited and waited for a
minibus to come by. Under
apartheid the government provided
no public transportation for blacks,
but white people still needed us to

show up to mop their floors and
clean their bathrooms. Necessity
being the mother of invention,
black people created their own
transit system, an informal network
of bus routes, controlled by private
associations operating entirely
outside the law. Because the
minibus business was completely
unregulated, it was basically
organized crime. Different groups
ran different routes, and they would
fight over who controlled what.
There was bribery and general
shadiness that went on, a great deal
of violence, and a lot of protection
money paid to avoid violence. The

one thing you didn’t do was steal a
route from a rival group. Drivers
who stole routes would get killed.
Being unregulated, minibuses were
also very unreliable. When they
came, they came. When they didn’t,
they didn’t.
Standing outside Rosebank
Union, I was literally falling asleep
on my feet. Not a minibus in sight.
Eventually my mother said, “Let’s
hitchhike.” We walked and walked,
and after what felt like an eternity,
a car drove up and stopped. The
driver offered us a ride, and we
climbed in. We hadn’t gone ten feet
when suddenly a minibus swerved

right in front of the car and cut us
off.
A Zulu driver got out with an
iwisa, a large, traditional Zulu
weapon—a war club, basically.
They’re used to smash people’s
skulls in. Another guy, his crony,
got out of the passenger side. They
walked up to the driver’s side of the
car we were in, grabbed the man
who’d offered us a ride, pulled him
out, and started shoving their clubs
in his face. “Why are you stealing
our customers? Why are you
picking people up?”
It looked like they were going
to kill this guy. I knew that

happened sometimes. My mom
spoke up. “Hey, listen, he was just
helping me. Leave him. We’ll ride
with you. That’s what we wanted in
the first place.” So we got out of the
first car and climbed into the
minibus.
We were the only passengers in
the minibus. In addition to being
violent gangsters, South African
minibus drivers are notorious for
complaining and haranguing
passengers as they drive. This driver
was a particularly angry one. As we
rode along, he started lecturing my
mother about being in a car with a
man who was not her husband. My

mother didn’t suffer lectures from
strange men. She told him to mind
his own business, and when he
heard her speaking in Xhosa, that
really set him off. The stereotypes
of Zulu and Xhosa women were as
ingrained as those of the men. Zulu
women were well-behaved and
dutiful. Xhosa women were
promiscuous and unfaithful. And
here was my mother, his tribal
enemy, a Xhosa woman alone with
two small children—one of them a
mixed child, no less. Not just a
whore but a whore who sleeps with
white men. “Oh, you’re a Xhosa,” he
said. “That explains it. Climbing

into strange men’s cars. Disgusting
woman.”
My mom kept telling him off
and he kept calling her names,
yelling at her from the front seat,
wagging his finger in the rearview
mirror and growing more and more
menacing until finally he said,
“That’s the problem with you Xhosa
women. You’re all sluts—and
tonight you’re going to learn your
lesson.”
He sped off. He was driving
fast, and he wasn’t stopping, only
slowing down to check for traffic at
the intersections before speeding
through. Death was never far away

from anybody back then. At that
point my mother could be raped.
We could be killed. These were all
viable options. I didn’t fully
comprehend the danger we were in
at the moment; I was so tired that I
just wanted to sleep. Plus my mom
stayed very calm. She didn’t panic,
so I didn’t know to panic. She just
kept trying to reason with him.
“I’m sorry if we’ve upset you,
bhuti. You can just let us out here
—”
“No.”
“Really, it’s fine. We can just
walk—”
“No.”

He raced along Oxford Road,
the lanes empty, no other cars out. I
was sitting closest to the minibus’s
sliding door. My mother sat next to
me, holding baby Andrew. She
looked out the window at the
passing road and then leaned over
to me and whispered, “Trevor, when
he slows down at the next
intersection, I’m going to open the
door and we’re going to jump.”
I didn’t hear a word of what she
was saying, because by that point
I’d completely nodded off. When we
came to the next traffic light, the
driver eased off the gas a bit to look
around and check the road. My

mother reached over, pulled the
sliding door open, grabbed me, and
threw me out as far as she could.
Then she took Andrew, curled
herself in a ball around him, and
leaped out behind me.
It felt like a dream until the
pain hit. Bam! I smacked hard on
the pavement. My mother landed
right beside me and we tumbled
and tumbled and rolled and rolled. I
was wide awake now. I went from
half asleep to What the hell?!
Eventually I came to a stop and
pulled myself up, completely
disoriented. I looked around and
saw my mother, already on her feet.

She turned and looked at me and
screamed.
“Run!”
So I ran, and she ran, and
nobody ran like me and my mom.
It’s weird to explain, but I just
knew what to do. It was animal
instinct, learned in a world where
violence was always lurking and
waiting to erupt. In the townships,
when the police came swooping in
with their riot gear and armored
cars and helicopters, I knew: Run
for cover. Run and hide. I knew
that as a five-year-old. Had I lived a
different life, getting thrown out of
a speeding minibus might have

fazed me. I’d have stood there like
an idiot, going, “What’s happening,
Mom? Why are my legs so sore?”
But there was none of that. Mom
said “run,” and I ran. Like the
gazelle runs from the lion, I ran.
The men stopped the minibus
and got out and tried to chase us,
but they didn’t stand a chance. We
smoked them. I think they were in
shock. I still remember glancing
back and seeing them give up with a
look of utter bewilderment on their
faces. What just happened? Who’d
have thought a woman with two
small children could run so fast?
They didn’t know they were dealing

with the reigning champs of the
Maryvale College sports day. We
kept going and going until we made
it to a twenty-four-hour petrol
station and called the police. By
then the men were long gone.
I still didn’t know why any of
this had happened; I’d been
running on pure adrenaline. Once
we stopped running I realized how
much pain I was in. I looked down,
and the skin on my arms was
scraped and torn. I was cut up and
bleeding all over. Mom was, too. My
baby brother was fine, though,
incredibly. My mom had wrapped
herself around him, and he’d come

through without a scratch. I turned
to her in shock.
“What was that?! Why are we
running?!”
“What do you mean, ‘Why are
we running?’ Those men were
trying to kill us.”
“You never told me that! You
just threw me out of the car!”
“I did tell you. Why didn’t you
jump?”
“Jump?! I was asleep!”
“So I should have left you there
for them to kill you?”
“At least they would have
woken me up before they killed

me.”
Back and forth we went. I was
too confused and too angry about
getting thrown out of the car to
realize what had happened. My
mother had saved my life.
As we caught our breath and
waited for the police to come and
drive us home, she said, “Well, at
least we’re safe, thank God.”
But I was nine years old and I
knew better. I wasn’t going to keep
quiet this time.
“No, Mom! This was not thanks
to God! You should have listened to
God when he told us to stay at
home when the car wouldn’t start,

because clearly the Devil tricked us
into coming out tonight.”
“No, Trevor! That’s not how the
Devil works. This is part of God’s
plan, and if He wanted us here then
He had a reason…”
And on and on and there we
were, back at it, arguing about
God’s will. Finally I said, “Look,
Mom. I know you love Jesus, but
maybe next week you could ask him
to meet us at our house. Because
this really wasn’t a fun night.”
She broke out in a huge smile
and started laughing. I started
laughing, too, and we stood there,
this little boy and his mom, our

arms and legs covered in blood and
dirt, laughing together through the
pain in the light of a petrol station
on the side of the road in the
middle of the night.

A parth eid was perfect racism. I t
took centu ries to develop, starting
all th e way back in 1652 wh en th e
Du tch East I ndia Company landed
at th e Cape of Good Hope and
establish ed a trading colony,
Kaapstad, later known as Cape
Town, a rest stop for sh ips
traveling between Eu rope and
I ndia. To impose wh ite ru le, th e
Du tch colonists went to war with
th e natives, u ltimately developing a
set of laws to su bju gate and enslave
th em. Wh en th e British took over
th e Cape Colony, th e descendants
of th e original Du tch settlers

trekked inland and developed th eir
own langu age, cu ltu re, and
cu stoms, eventu ally becoming th eir
own people, th e Afrikaners—th e
wh ite tribe of Africa.
Th e British abolish ed slavery in
name bu t kept it in practice. Th ey
did so becau se, in th e mid-1800s, in
wh at h ad been written off as a
near-worth less way station on th e
rou te to th e Far East, a few lu cky
capitalists stu mbled u pon th e
rich est gold and diamond reserves
in th e world, and an endless su pply
of expendable bodies was needed
to go in th e grou nd and get it all
ou t.
As th e British Empire fell, th e
Afrikaner rose u p to claim Sou th
Africa as h is righ tfu l inh eritance.
To maintain power in th e face of

th e cou ntry’s rising and restless
black majority, th e government
realized th ey needed a newer and
more robu st set of tools. Th ey set
u p a formal commission to go ou t
and stu dy institu tionalized racism
all over th e world. Th ey went to
Au stralia. Th ey went to th e
Neth erlands. Th ey went to
America. Th ey saw wh at worked,
wh at didn’t. Th en th ey came back
and pu blish ed a report, and th e
government u sed th at knowledge
to bu ild th e most advanced system
of racial oppression known to man.
Aparth eid was a police state, a
system of su rveillance and laws
designed to keep black people
u nder total control. A fu ll
compendiu m of th ose laws wou ld
ru n more th an th ree th ou sand

pages and weigh approximately ten
pou nds, bu t th e general th ru st of it
sh ou ld be easy enou gh for any
American to u nderstand. I n
America you h ad th e forced
removal of th e native onto
reservations cou pled with slavery
followed by segregation. I magine
all th ree of th ose th ings h appening
to th e same grou p of people at th e
same time. Th at was aparth eid.

BORN A CRIME
I grew up in South Africa during
apartheid, which was awkward
because I was raised in a mixed
family, with me being the mixed
one in the family. My mother,
Patricia Nombuyiselo Noah, is
black. My father, Robert, is white.
Swiss/German, to be precise, which

Swiss/Germans invariably are.
During apartheid, one of the worst
crimes you could commit was
having sexual relations with a
person of another race. Needless to
say, my parents committed that
crime.
In any society built on
institutionalized racism, race-
mixing doesn’t merely challenge the
system as unjust, it reveals the
system as unsustainable and
incoherent. Race-mixing proves
that races can mix—and in a lot of
cases, want to mix. Because a mixed
person embodies that rebuke to the
logic of the system, race-mixing

becomes a crime worse than
treason.
Humans being humans and sex
being sex, that prohibition never
stopped anyone. There were mixed
kids in South Africa nine months
after the first Dutch boats hit the
beach in Table Bay. Just like in
America, the colonists here had
their way with the native women, as
colonists so often do. Unlike in
America, where anyone with one
drop of black blood automatically
became black, in South Africa
mixed people came to be classified
as their own separate group, neither
black nor white but what we call

“colored.” Colored people, black
people, white people, and Indian
people were forced to register their
race with the government. Based on
those classifications, millions of
people were uprooted and relocated.
Indian areas were segregated from
colored areas, which were
segregated from black areas—all of
them segregated from white areas
and separated from one another by
buffer zones of empty land. Laws
were passed prohibiting sex
between Europeans and natives,
laws that were later amended to
prohibit sex between whites and all
nonwhites.

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

The government went to insane
lengths to try to enforce these new
laws. The penalty for breaking them
was five years in prison. There were
whole police squads whose only job
was to go around peeking through
windows—clearly an assignment for
only the finest law enforcement
officers. And if an interracial couple
got caught, God help them. The
police would kick down the door,
drag the people out, beat them,
arrest them. At least that’s what
they did to the black person. With
the white person it was more like,
“Look, I’ll just say you were drunk,
but don’t do it again, eh? Cheers.”

That’s how it was with a white man
and a black woman. If a black man
was caught having sex with a white
woman, he’d be lucky if he wasn’t
charged with rape.
If you ask my mother whether
she ever considered the
ramifications of having a mixed
child under apartheid, she will say
no. She wanted to do something,
figured out a way to do it, and then
she did it. She had a level of
fearlessness that you have to
possess to take on something like
she did. If you stop to consider the
ramifications, you’ll never do
anything. Still, it was a crazy,

reckless thing to do. A million
things had to go right for us to slip
through the cracks the way we did
for as long as we did.
—
Under apartheid, if you were a black
man you worked on a farm or in a
factory or in a mine. If you were a
black woman, you worked in a
factory or as a maid. Those were
pretty much your only options. My
mother didn’t want to work in a
factory. She was a horrible cook and
never would have stood for some
white lady telling her what to do all
day. So, true to her nature, she

found an option that was not
among the ones presented to her:
She took a secretarial course, a
typing class. At the time, a black
woman learning how to type was
like a blind person learning how to
drive. It’s an admirable effort, but
you’re unlikely to ever be called
upon to execute the task. By law,
white-collar jobs and skilled-labor
jobs were reserved for whites. Black
people didn’t work in offices. My
mom, however, was a rebel, and,
fortunately for her, her rebellion
came along at the right moment.
In the early 1980s, the South
African government began making

minor reforms in an attempt to
quell international protest over the
atrocities and human rights abuses
of apartheid. Among those reforms
was the token hiring of black
workers in low-level white-collar
jobs. Like typists. Through an
employment agency she got a job as
a secretary at ICI, a multinational
pharmaceutical company in
Braamfontein, a suburb of
Johannesburg.
When my mom started
working, she still lived with my
grandmother in Soweto, the
township where the government
had relocated my family decades

before. But my mother was
unhappy at home, and when she
was twenty-two she ran away to live
in downtown Johannesburg. There
was only one problem: It was illegal
for black people to live there.
The ultimate goal of apartheid
was to make South Africa a white
country, with every black person
stripped of his or her citizenship
and relocated to live in the
homelands, the Bantustans, semi-
sovereign black territories that were
in reality puppet states of the
government in Pretoria. But this so-
called white country could not
function without black labor to

produce its wealth, which meant
black people had to be allowed to
live near white areas in the
townships, government-planned
ghettos built to house black
workers, like Soweto. The township
was where you lived, but your
status as a laborer was the only
thing that permitted you to stay
there. If your papers were revoked
for any reason, you could be
deported back to the homelands.
To leave the township for work
in the city, or for any other reason,
you had to carry a pass with your ID
number; otherwise you could be
arrested. There was also a curfew:

After a certain hour, blacks had to
be back home in the township or
risk arrest. My mother didn’t care.
She was determined to never go
home again. So she stayed in town,
hiding and sleeping in public
restrooms until she learned the
rules of navigating the city from the
other black women who had
contrived to live there: prostitutes.
Many of the prostitutes in town
were Xhosa. They spoke my
mother’s language and showed her
how to survive. They taught her
how to dress up in a pair of maid’s
overalls to move around the city
without being questioned. They also

introduced her to white men who
were willing to rent out flats in
town. A lot of these men were
foreigners, Germans and
Portuguese who didn’t care about
the law and were happy to sign a
lease giving a prostitute a place to
live and work in exchange for a
steady piece on the side. My mom
wasn’t interested in any such
arrangement, but thanks to her job
she did have money to pay rent. She
met a German fellow through one
of her prostitute friends, and he
agreed to let her a flat in his name.
She moved in and bought a bunch
of maid’s overalls to wear. She was

caught and arrested many times, for
not having her ID on the way home
from work, for being in a white area
after hours. The penalty for
violating the pass laws was thirty
days in jail or a fine of fifty rand,
nearly half her monthly salary. She
would scrape together the money,
pay the fine, and go right back
about her business.
—
My mom’s secret flat was in a
neighborhood called Hillbrow. She
lived in number 203. Down the
corridor was a tall, brown-haired,
brown-eyed Swiss/German expat

named Robert. He lived in 206. As a
former trading colony, South Africa
has always had a large expatriate
community. People find their way
here. Tons of Germans. Lots of
Dutch. Hillbrow at the time was the
Greenwich Village of South Africa.
It was a thriving scene,
cosmopolitan and liberal. There
were galleries and underground
theaters where artists and
performers dared to speak up and
criticize the government in front of
integrated crowds. There were
restaurants and nightclubs, a lot of
them foreign-owned, that served a
mixed clientele, black people who

hated the status quo and white
people who simply thought it
ridiculous. These people would
have secret get-togethers, too,
usually in someone’s flat or in
empty basements that had been
converted into clubs. Integration by
its nature was a political act, but the
get-togethers themselves weren’t
political at all. People would meet
up and hang out, have parties.
My mom threw herself into
that scene. She was always out at
some club, some party, dancing,
meeting people. She was a regular
at the Hillbrow Tower, one of the
tallest buildings in Africa at that

time. It had a nightclub with a
rotating dance floor on the top
floor. It was an exhilarating time
but still dangerous. Sometimes the
restaurants and clubs would get
shut down, sometimes not.
Sometimes the performers and
patrons would get arrested,
sometimes not. It was a roll of the
dice. My mother never knew whom
to trust, who might turn her in to
the police. Neighbors would report
on one another. The girlfriends of
the white men in my mom’s block
of flats had every reason to report a
black woman—a prostitute, no
doubt—living among them. And you

must remember that black people
worked for the government as well.
As far as her white neighbors knew,
my mom could have been a spy
posing as a prostitute posing as a
maid, sent into Hillbrow to inform
on whites who were breaking the
law. That’s how a police state works
—everyone thinks everyone else is
the police.
Living alone in the city, not
being trusted and not being able to
trust, my mother started spending
more and more time in the
company of someone with whom
she felt safe: the tall Swiss man
down the corridor in 206. He was

forty-six. She was twenty-four. He
was quiet and reserved; she was
wild and free. She would stop by his
flat to chat; they’d go to
underground get-togethers, go
dancing at the nightclub with the
rotating dance floor. Something
clicked.
I know that there was a
genuine bond and a love between
my parents. I saw it. But how
romantic their relationship was, to
what extent they were just friends, I
can’t say. These are things a child
doesn’t ask. All I do know is that
one day she made her proposal.
“I want to have a kid,” she told

him.
“I don’t want kids,” he said.
“I didn’t ask you to have a kid. I
asked you to help me to have my
kid. I just want the sperm from
you.”
“I’m Catholic,” he said. “We
don’t do such things.”
“You do know,” she replied,
“that I could sleep with you and go
away and you would never know if
you had a child or not. But I don’t
want that. Honor me with your yes
so that I can live peacefully. I want
a child of my own, and I want it
from you. You will be able to see it
as much as you like, but you will

have no obligations. You don’t have
to talk to it. You don’t have to pay
for it. Just make this child for me.”
For my mother’s part, the fact
that this man didn’t particularly
want a family with her, was
prevented by law from having a
family with her, was part of the
attraction. She wanted a child, not a
man stepping in to run her life. For
my father’s part, I know that for a
long time he kept saying no.
Eventually he said yes. Why he said
yes is a question I will never have
the answer to.
Nine months after that yes, on
February 20, 1984, my mother

checked into Hillbrow Hospital for
a scheduled C-section delivery.
Estranged from her family,
pregnant by a man she could not be
seen with in public, she was alone.
The doctors took her up to the
delivery room, cut open her belly,
and reached in and pulled out a
half-white, half-black child who
violated any number of laws,
statutes, and regulations—I was
born a crime.
—
When the doctors pulled me out
there was an awkward moment
where they said, “Huh. That’s a very

light-skinned baby.” A quick scan of
the delivery room revealed no man
standing around to take credit.
“Who is the father?” they
asked.
“His father is from Swaziland,”
my mother said, referring to the
tiny, landlocked kingdom in the
west of South Africa.
They probably knew she was
lying, but they accepted it because
they needed an explanation. Under
apartheid, the government labeled
everything on your birth certificate:
race, tribe, nationality. Everything
had to be categorized. My mother
lied and said I was born in

KaNgwane, the semi-sovereign
homeland for Swazi people living in
South Africa. So my birth certificate
doesn’t say that I’m Xhosa, which
technically I am. And it doesn’t say
that I’m Swiss, which the
government wouldn’t allow. It just
says that I’m from another country.
My father isn’t on my birth
certificate. Officially, he’s never
been my father. And my mother,
true to her word, was prepared for
him not to be involved. She’d rented
a new flat for herself in Joubert
Park, the neighborhood adjacent to
Hillbrow, and that’s where she took
me when she left the hospital. The

next week she went to visit him,
with no baby. To her surprise, he
asked where I was. “You said that
you didn’t want to be involved,” she
said. And he hadn’t, but once I
existed he realized he couldn’t have
a son living around the corner and
not be a part of my life. So the three
of us formed a kind of family, as
much as our peculiar situation
would allow. I lived with my mom.
We’d sneak around and visit my dad
when we could.
Where most children are proof
of their parents’ love, I was the
proof of their criminality. The only
time I could be with my father was

indoors. If we left the house, he’d
have to walk across the street from
us. My mom and I used to go to
Joubert Park all the time. It’s the
Central Park of Johannesburg—
beautiful gardens, a zoo, a giant
chessboard with human-sized
pieces that people would play. My
mother tells me that once, when I
was a toddler, my dad tried to go
with us. We were in the park, he
was walking a good bit away from
us, and I ran after him, screaming,
“Daddy! Daddy! Daddy!” People
started looking. He panicked and
ran away. I thought it was a game
and kept chasing him.

I couldn’t walk with my
mother, either; a light-skinned child
with a black woman would raise too
many questions. When I was a
newborn, she could wrap me up and
take me anywhere, but very quickly
that was no longer an option. I was
a giant baby, an enormous child.
When I was one you’d have thought
I was two. When I was two, you’d
have thought I was four. There was
no way to hide me.
My mom, same as she’d done
with her flat and with her maid’s
uniforms, found the cracks in the
system. It was illegal to be mixed
(to have a black parent and a white

parent), but it was not illegal to be
colored (to have two parents who
were both colored). So my mom
moved me around the world as a
colored child. She found a crèche in
a colored area where she could
leave me while she was at work.
There was a colored woman named
Queen who lived in our block of
flats. When we wanted to go out to
the park, my mom would invite her
to go with us. Queen would walk
next to me and act like she was my
mother, and my mother would walk
a few steps behind, like she was the
maid working for the colored
woman. I’ve got dozens of pictures

of me walking with this woman
who looks like me but who isn’t my
mother. And the black woman
standing behind us who looks like
she’s photobombing the picture,
that’s my mom. When we didn’t
have a colored woman to walk with
us, my mom would risk walking me
on her own. She would hold my
hand or carry me, but if the police
showed up she would have to drop
me and pretend I wasn’t hers, like I
was a bag of weed.
When I was born, my mother
hadn’t seen her family in three
years, but she wanted me to know
them and wanted them to know me,

so the prodigal daughter returned.
We lived in town, but I would spend
weeks at a time with my
grandmother in Soweto, often
during the holidays. I have so many
memories from the place that in my
mind it’s like we lived there, too.
Soweto was designed to be
bombed—that’s how forward-
thinking the architects of apartheid
were. The township was a city unto
itself, with a population of nearly
one million. There were only two
roads in and out. That was so the
military could lock us in, quell any
rebellion. And if the monkeys ever
went crazy and tried to break out of

their cage, the air force could fly
over and bomb the shit out of
everyone. Growing up, I never knew
that my grandmother lived in the
center of a bull’s-eye.
In the city, as difficult as it was
to get around, we managed. Enough
people were out and about, black,
white, and colored, going to and
from work, that we could get lost in
the crowd. But only black people
were permitted in Soweto. It was
much harder to hide someone who
looked like me, and the government
was watching much more closely.
In the white areas you rarely saw
the police, and if you did it was

Officer Friendly in his collared shirt
and pressed pants. In Soweto the
police were an occupying army.
They didn’t wear collared shirts.
They wore riot gear. They were
militarized. They operated in teams
known as flying squads, because
they would swoop in out of
nowhere, riding in armored
personnel carriers—hippos, we
called them—tanks with enormous
tires and slotted holes in the side of
the vehicle to fire their guns out of.
You didn’t mess with a hippo. You
saw one, you ran. That was a fact of
life. The township was in a constant
state of insurrection; someone was

always marching or protesting
somewhere and had to be
suppressed. Playing in my
grandmother’s house, I’d hear
gunshots, screams, tear gas being
fired into crowds.
My memories of the hippos
and the flying squads come from
when I was five or six, when
apartheid was finally coming apart.
I never saw the police before that,
because we could never risk the
police seeing me. Whenever we
went to Soweto, my grandmother
refused to let me outside. If she was
watching me it was, “No, no, no. He
doesn’t leave the house.” Behind

the wall, in the yard, I could play,
but not in the street. And that’s
where the rest of the boys and girls
were playing, in the street. My
cousins, the neighborhood kids,
they’d open the gate and head out
and roam free and come back at
dusk. I’d beg my grandmother to go
outside.
“Please. Please, can I go play
with my cousins?”
“No! They’re going to take
you!”
For the longest time I thought
she meant that the other kids were
going to steal me, but she was
talking about the police. Children

could be taken. Children were
taken. The wrong color kid in the
wrong color area, and the
government could come in, strip
your parents of custody, haul you
off to an orphanage. To police the
townships, the government relied
on its network of impipis, the
anonymous snitches who’d inform
on suspicious activity. There were
also the blackjacks, black people
who worked for the police. My
grandmother’s neighbor was a
blackjack. She had to make sure he
wasn’t watching when she
smuggled me in and out of the
house.

My gran still tells the story of
when I was three years old and, fed
up with being a prisoner, I dug a
hole under the gate in the driveway,
wriggled through, and ran off.
Everyone panicked. A search party
went out and tracked me down. I
had no idea how much danger I was
putting everyone in. The family
could have been deported, my gran
could have been arrested, my mom
might have gone to prison, and I
probably would have been packed
off to a home for colored kids.
So I was kept inside. Other
than those few instances of walking
in the park, the flashes of memory I

have from when I was young are
almost all indoors, me with my
mom in her tiny flat, me by myself
at my gran’s. I didn’t have any
friends. I didn’t know any kids
besides my cousins. I wasn’t a
lonely kid—I was good at being
alone. I’d read books, play with the
toy that I had, make up imaginary
worlds. I lived inside my head. I still
live inside my head. To this day you
can leave me alone for hours and
I’m perfectly happy entertaining
myself. I have to remember to be
with people.
—

Obviously, I was not the only child
born to black and white parents
during apartheid. Traveling around
the world today, I meet other mixed
South Africans all the time. Our
stories start off identically. We’re
around the same age. Their parents
met at some underground party in
Hillbrow or Cape Town. They lived
in an illegal flat. The difference is
that in virtually every other case
they left. The white parent
smuggled them out through
Lesotho or Botswana, and they grew
up in exile, in England or Germany
or Switzerland, because being a
mixed family under apartheid was

just that unbearable.
Once Mandela was elected we
could finally live freely. Exiles
started to return. I met my first one
when I was around seventeen. He
told me his story, and I was like,
“Wait, what? You mean we could
have left? That was an option?”
Imagine being thrown out of an
airplane. You hit the ground and
break all your bones, you go to the
hospital and you heal and you move
on and finally put the whole thing
behind you—and then one day
somebody tells you about
parachutes. That’s how I felt. I
couldn’t understand why we’d

stayed. I went straight home and
asked my mom.
“Why? Why didn’t we just
leave? Why didn’t we go to
Switzerland?”
“Because I am not Swiss,” she
said, as stubborn as ever. “This is
my country. Why should I leave?”

S ou th Africa is a mix of th e old and
th e new, th e ancient and th e
modern, and Sou th African
Ch ristianity is a perfect example of
th is. We adopted th e religion of ou r
colonizers, bu t most people h eld on
to th e old ancestral ways, too, ju st
in case. I n Sou th Africa, faith in th e
Holy Trinity exists qu ite
comfortably alongside belief in
witch craft, in casting spells and
pu tting cu rses on one’s enemies.
I come from a cou ntry wh ere
people are more likely to visit
sangomas—sh amans, traditional
h ealers, pejoratively known as

witch doctors—th an th ey are to
visit doctors of Western medicine. I
come from a cou ntry wh ere people
h ave been arrested and tried for
witch craft—in a cou rt of law. I ’m
not talking abou t th e 1700s. I ’m
talking abou t five years ago. I
remember a man being on trial for
striking anoth er person with
ligh tning. Th at h appens a lot in th e
h omelands. Th ere are no tall
bu ildings, few tall trees, noth ing
between you and th e sky, so people
get h it by ligh tning all th e time.
And wh en someone gets killed by
ligh tning, everyone knows it’s
becau se somebody u sed Moth er
Natu re to take ou t a h it. So if you
h ad a beef with th e gu y wh o got
killed, someone will accu se you of
mu rder and th e police will come

knocking.
“Mr. Noah , you ’ve been accu sed
of mu rder. You u sed witch craft to
kill David Kibu u ka by cau sing h im
to be stru ck by ligh tning.”
“Wh at is th e evidence?”
“Th e evidence is th at David
Kibu u ka got stru ck by ligh tning
and it wasn’t even raining.”
And you go to trial. Th e cou rt is
presided over by a ju dge. Th ere is a
docket. Th ere is a prosecu tor. You r
defense attorney h as to prove lack
of motive, go th rou gh th e crime-
scene forensics, present a stau nch
defense. And you r attorney’s
argu ment can’t be “Witch craft isn’t
real.” No, no, no. You ’ll lose.

TREVOR, PRAY
I grew up in a world run by women.
My father was loving and devoted,
but I could only see him when and
where apartheid allowed. My uncle
Velile, my mom’s younger brother,
lived with my grandmother, but he
spent most of his time at the local
tavern getting into fights.

The only semi-regular male
figure in my life was my
grandfather, my mother’s father,
who was a force to be reckoned
with. He was divorced from my
grandmother and didn’t live with
us, but he was around. His name
was Temperance Noah, which was
odd since he was not a man of
moderation at all. He was
boisterous and loud. His nickname
in the neighborhood was “Tat
Shisha,” which translates loosely to
“the smokin’ hot grandpa.” And
that’s exactly who he was. He loved
the ladies, and the ladies loved him.
He’d put on his best suit and stroll

through the streets of Soweto on
random afternoons, making
everybody laugh and charming all
the women he’d meet. He had a big,
dazzling smile with bright white
teeth—false teeth. At home, he’d
take them out and I’d watch him do
that thing where he looked like he
was eating his own face.
We found out much later in life
that he was bipolar, but before that
we just thought he was eccentric.
One time he borrowed my mother’s
car to go to the shop for milk and
bread. He disappeared and didn’t
come home until late that night
when we were way past the point of

needing the milk or the bread.
Turned out he’d passed a young
woman at the bus stop and,
believing no beautiful woman
should have to wait for a bus, he
offered her a ride to where she lived
—three hours away. My mom was
furious with him because he’d cost
us a whole tank of petrol, which
was enough to get us to work and
school for two weeks.
When he was up you couldn’t
stop him, but his mood swings were
wild. In his youth he’d been a boxer,
and one day he said I’d disrespected
him and now he wanted to box me.
He was in his eighties. I was twelve.

He had his fists up, circling me.
“Let’s go, Trevah! Come on! Put
your fists up! Hit me! I’ll show you
I’m still a man! Let’s go!” I couldn’t
hit him because I wasn’t about to
hit my elder. Plus I’d never been in
a fight and I wasn’t going to have
my first one be with an eighty-year-
old man. I ran to my mom, and she
got him to stop. The day after his
pugilistic rage, he sat in his chair
and didn’t move or say a word all
day.
Temperance lived with his
second family in the Meadowlands,
and we visited them sparingly
because my mom was always afraid

of being poisoned. Which was a
thing that would happen. The first
family were the heirs, so there was
always the chance they might get
poisoned by the second family. It
was like Game of Thrones with poor
people. We’d go into that house and
my mom would warn me.
“Trevor, don’t eat the food.”
“But I’m starving.”
“No. They might poison us.”
“Okay, then why don’t I just
pray to Jesus and Jesus will take
the poison out of the food?”
“Trevor! Sun’qhela!”
So I only saw my grandfather

now and then, and when he was
gone the house was in the hands of
women.
In addition to my mom there
was my aunt Sibongile; she and her
first husband, Dinky, had two kids,
my cousins Mlungisi and Bulelwa.
Sibongile was a powerhouse, a
strong woman in every sense, big-
chested, the mother hen. Dinky, as
his name implies, was dinky. He
was a small man. He was abusive,
but not really. It was more like he
tried to be abusive, but he wasn’t
very good at it. He was trying to live
up to this image of what he thought
a husband should be, dominant,

controlling. I remember being told
as a child, “If you don’t hit your
woman, you don’t love her.” That
was the talk you’d hear from men in
bars and in the streets.
Dinky was trying to
masquerade as this patriarch that
he wasn’t. He’d slap my aunt and
hit her and she’d take it and take it,
and then eventually she’d snap and
smack him down and put him back
in his place. Dinky would always
walk around like, “I control my
woman.” And you’d want to say,
“Dinky, first of all, you don’t.
Second of all, you don’t need to.
Because she loves you.” I can

remember one day my aunt had
really had enough. I was in the yard
and Dinky came running out of the
house screaming bloody murder.
Sibongile was right behind him with
a pot of boiling water, cursing at
him and threatening to douse him
with it. In Soweto you were always
hearing about men getting doused
with pots of boiling water—often a
woman’s only recourse. And men
were lucky if it was water. Some
women used hot cooking oil. Water
was if the woman wanted to teach
her man a lesson. Oil meant she
wanted to end it.
My grandmother Frances Noah

was the family matriarch. She ran
the house, looked after the kids, did
the cooking and the cleaning. She’s
barely five feet tall, hunched over
from years in the factory, but rock
hard and still to this day very active
and very much alive. Where my
grandfather was big and boisterous,
my grandmother was calm,
calculating, with a mind as sharp as
anything. If you need to know
anything in the family history,
going back to the 1930s, she can tell
you what day it happened, where it
happened, and why it happened.
She remembers it all.
My great-grandmother lived

with us as well. We called her Koko.
She was super old, well into her
nineties, stooped and frail,
completely blind. Her eyes had gone
white, clouded over by cataracts.
She couldn’t walk without someone
holding her up. She’d sit in the
kitchen next to the coal stove,
bundled up in long skirts and head
scarves, blankets over her
shoulders. The coal stove was
always on. It was for cooking,
heating the house, heating water for
baths. We put her there because it
was the warmest spot in the house.
In the morning someone would
wake her and bring her to sit in the

kitchen. At night someone would
come take her to bed. That’s all she
did, all day, every day. Sit by the
stove. She was fantastic and fully
with it. She just couldn’t see and
didn’t move.
Koko and my gran would sit
and have long conversations, but as
a five-year-old I didn’t think of
Koko as a real person. Since her
body didn’t move, she was like a
brain with a mouth. Our
relationship was nothing but
command prompts and replies, like
talking to a computer.
“Good morning, Koko.”
“Good morning, Trevor.”

“Koko, did you eat?”
“Yes, Trevor.”
“Koko, I’m going out.”
“Okay, be careful.”
“Bye, Koko.”
“Bye, Trevor.”
—
The fact that I grew up in a world
run by women was no accident.
Apartheid kept me away from my
father because he was white, but for
almost all the kids I knew on my
grandmother’s block in Soweto,
apartheid had taken away their
fathers as well, just for different

reasons. Their fathers were off
working in a mine somewhere, able
to come home only during the
holidays. Their fathers had been
sent to prison. Their fathers were in
exile, fighting for the cause. Women
held the community together.
“Wathint’Abafazi
Wathint’imbokodo!” was the chant
they would rally to during the
freedom struggle. “When you strike
a woman, you strike a rock.” As a
nation, we recognized the power of
women, but in the home they were
expected to submit and obey.
In Soweto, religion filled the
void left by absent men. I used to

ask my mom if it was hard for her
to raise me alone without a
husband. She’d reply, “Just because
I live without a man doesn’t mean
I’ve never had a husband. God is my
husband.” For my mom, my aunt,
my grandmother, and all the other
women on our street, life centered
on faith. Prayer meetings would
rotate houses up and down the
block based on the day. These
groups were women and children
only. My mom would always ask my
uncle Velile to join, and he’d say, “I
would join if there were more men,
but I can’t be the only one here.”
Then the singing and praying would

start, and that was his cue to leave.
For these prayer meetings,
we’d jam ourselves into the tiny
living area of the host family’s
house and form a circle. Then we
would go around the circle offering
prayers. The grannies would talk
about what was happening in their
lives. “I’m happy to be here. I had a
good week at work. I got a raise and
I wanted to say thank you and
praise Jesus.” Sometimes they’d
pull out their Bible and say, “This
scripture spoke to me and maybe it
will help you.” Then there would be
a bit of song. There was a leather
pad called “the beat” that you’d

strap to your palm, like a
percussion instrument. Someone
would clap along on that, keeping
time while everyone sang,
“Masango vulekani singene
eJerusalema. Masango vulekani
singene eJerusalema.”
That’s how it would go. Pray,
sing, pray. Sing, pray, sing. Sing,
sing, sing. Pray, pray, pray.
Sometimes it would last for hours,
always ending with an “amen,” and
they could keep that “amen” going
on for five minutes at least. “Ah-
men. Ah-ah-ah-men. Ah-ah-ah-ah-
men. Ahhhhhhhhahhhhh hhhhh -
hahhhhhahhhhhhahhhhhmen.

Meni-meni-meni. Men-men-men.
Ahhhhh hhhhh hhhhh hhhhh hhhhh -
hhhhh hhhhh hhhhh -
hhhhmmmmmmmennnnn nnnnn -
nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn -
nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn -
nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn -
nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn -
nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn -
n.” Then everyone would say
goodbye and go home. Next night,
different house, same thing.
Tuesday nights, the prayer
meeting came to my grandmother’s
house, and I was always excited, for
two reasons. One, I got to clap along
on the beat for the singing. And

two, I loved to pray. My
grandmother always told me that
she loved my prayers. She believed
my prayers were more powerful,
because I prayed in English.
Everyone knows that Jesus, who’s
white, speaks English. The Bible is
in English. Yes, the Bible was not
written in English, but the Bible
came to South Africa in English so
to us it’s in English. Which made
my prayers the best prayers because
English prayers get answered first.
How do we know this? Look at
white people. Clearly they’re getting
through to the right person. Add to
that Matthew 19:14. “Suffer little

children to come unto me,” Jesus
said, “for theirs is the kingdom of
heaven.” So if a child is praying in
English? To White Jesus? That’s a
powerful combination right there.
Whenever I prayed, my
grandmother would say, “That
prayer is going to get answered. I
can feel it.”
Women in the township always
had something to pray for—money
problems, a son who’d been
arrested, a daughter who was sick, a
husband who drank. Whenever the
prayer meetings were at our house,
because my prayers were so good,
my grandmother would want me to

pray for everyone. She would turn
to me and say, “Trevor, pray.” And
I’d pray. I loved doing it. My
grandmother had convinced me
that my prayers got answered. I felt
like I was helping people.
—
There is something magical about
Soweto. Yes, it was a prison
designed by our oppressors, but it
also gave us a sense of self-
determination and control. Soweto
was ours. It had an aspirational
quality that you don’t find
elsewhere. In America the dream is
to make it out of the ghetto. In

Soweto, because there was no
leaving the ghetto, the dream was to
transform the ghetto.
For the million people who
lived in Soweto, there were no
stores, no bars, no restaurants.
There were no paved roads,
minimal electricity, inadequate
sewerage. But when you put one
million people together in one
place, they find a way to make a life
for themselves. A black-market
economy rose up, with every type of
business being run out of
someone’s house: auto mechanics,
day care, guys selling refurbished
tires.

The most common were the
spaza shops and the shebeens. The
spaza shops were informal grocery
stores. People would build a kiosk
in their garage, buy wholesale bread
and eggs, and then resell them
piecemeal. Everyone in the
township bought things in minute
quantities because nobody had any
money. You couldn’t afford to buy a
dozen eggs at a time, but you could
buy two eggs because that’s all you
needed that morning. You could
buy a quarter loaf of bread, a cup of
sugar. The shebeens were unlawful
bars in the back of someone’s
house. They’d put chairs in their

backyard and hang out an awning
and run a speakeasy. The shebeens
were where men would go to drink
after work and during prayer
meetings and most any other time
of day as well.
People built homes the way
they bought eggs: a little at a time.
Every family in the township was
allocated a piece of land by the
government. You’d first build a
shanty on your plot, a makeshift
structure of plywood and
corrugated iron. Over time, you’d
save up money and build a brick
wall. One wall. Then you’d save up
and build another wall. Then, years

later, a third wall and eventually a
fourth. Now you had a room, one
room for everyone in your family to
sleep, eat, do everything. Then
you’d save up for a roof. Then
windows. Then you’d plaster the
thing. Then your daughter would
start a family. There was nowhere
for them to go, so they’d move in
with you. You’d add another
corrugated-iron structure onto your
brick room and slowly, over years,
turn that into a proper room for
them as well. Now your house had
two rooms. Then three. Maybe four.
Slowly, over generations, you’d
keep trying to get to the point

where you had a home.
My grandmother lived in
Orlando East. She had a two-room
house. Not a two-bedroom house. A
two-room house. There was a
bedroom, and then there was
basically a living
room/kitchen/everything-else
room. Some might say we lived like
poor people. I prefer “open plan.”
My mom and I would stay there
during school holidays. My aunt
and cousins would be there
whenever she was on the outs with
Dinky. We all slept on the floor in
one room, my mom and me, my
aunt and my cousins, my uncle and

my grandmother and my great-
grandmother. The adults each had
their own foam mattresses, and
there was one big one that we’d roll
out into the middle, and the kids
slept on that.
We had two shanties in the
backyard that my grandmother
would rent out to migrants and
seasonal workers. We had a small
peach tree in a tiny patch on one
side of the house and on the other
side my grandmother had a
driveway. I never understood why
my grandmother had a driveway.
She didn’t have a car. She didn’t
know how to drive. Yet she had a

driveway. All of our neighbors had
driveways, some with fancy, cast-
iron gates. None of them had cars,
either. There was no future in
which most of these families would
ever have cars. There was maybe
one car for every thousand people,
yet almost everyone had a driveway.
It was almost like building the
driveway was a way of willing the
car to happen. The story of Soweto
is the story of the driveways. It’s a
hopeful place.
—
Sadly, no matter how fancy you
made your house, there was one

thing you could never aspire to
improve: your toilet. There was no
indoor running water, just one
communal outdoor tap and one
outdoor toilet shared by six or
seven houses. Our toilet was in a
corrugated-iron outhouse shared
among the adjoining houses. Inside,
there was a concrete slab with a
hole in it and a plastic toilet seat on
top; there had been a lid at some
point, but it had broken and
disappeared long ago. We couldn’t
afford toilet paper, so on the wall
next to the seat was a wire hanger
with old newspaper on it for you to
wipe. The newspaper was

uncomfortable, but at least I stayed
informed while I handled my
business.
The thing that I couldn’t
handle about the outhouse was the
flies. It was a long drop to the
bottom, and they were always down
there, eating on the pile, and I had
an irrational, all-consuming fear
that they were going to fly up and
into my bum.
One afternoon, when I was
around five years old, my gran left
me at home for a few hours to go
run errands. I was lying on the floor
in the bedroom, reading. I needed
to go, but it was pouring down rain.

I was dreading going outside to use
the toilet, getting drenched running
out there, water dripping on me
from the leaky ceiling, wet
newspaper, the flies attacking me
from below. Then I had an idea.
Why bother with the outhouse at
all? Why not put some newspaper
on the floor and do my business
like a puppy? That seemed like a
fantastic idea. So that’s what I did. I
took the newspaper, laid it out on
the kitchen floor, pulled down my
pants, and squatted and got to it.
When you shit, as you first sit
down, you’re not fully in the
experience yet. You are not yet a

shitting person. You’re
transitioning from a person about
to shit to a person who is shitting.
You don’t whip out your
smartphone or a newspaper right
away. It takes a minute to get the
first shit out of the way and get in
the zone and get comfortable. Once
you reach that moment, that’s when
it gets really nice.
It’s a powerful experience,
shitting. There’s something magical
about it, profound even. I think God
made humans shit in the way we do
because it brings us back down to
earth and gives us humility. I don’t
care who you are, we all shit the

same. Beyoncé shits. The pope
shits. The Queen of England shits.
When we shit we forget our airs and
our graces, we forget how famous
or how rich we are. All of that goes
away.
You are never more yourself
than when you’re taking a shit. You
have that moment where you
realize, This is me. This is who I
am. You can pee without giving it a
second thought, but not so with
shitting. Have you ever looked in a
baby’s eyes when it’s shitting? It’s
having a moment of pure self-
awareness. The outhouse ruins that
for you. The rain, the flies, you are

robbed of your moment, and
nobody should be robbed of that.
Squatting and shitting on the
kitchen floor that day, I was like,
Wow. There are no flies. There’s no
stress. This is really great. I’m
really enjoying this. I knew I’d
made an excellent choice, and I was
very proud of myself for making it.
I’d reached that moment where I
could relax and be with myself.
Then I casually looked around the
room and I glanced to my left and
there, just a few feet away, right
next to the coal stove, was Koko.
It was like the scene in
Jurassic Park when the children

turn and the T. rex is right there.
Her eyes were wide open, cloudy
white and darting around the room.
I knew she couldn’t see me, but her
nose was starting to crinkle—she
could sense that something was
wrong.
I panicked. I was mid-shit. All
you can do when you’re mid-shit is
finish shitting. My only option was
to finish as quietly and as slowly as
I could, so that’s what I decided to
do. Then: the softest plop of a little-
boy turd on the newspaper. Koko’s
head snapped toward the sound.
“Who’s there? Hallo? Hallo?!”
I froze. I held my breath and

waited.
“Who’s there?! Hallo?!”
I kept quiet, waited, then
started again.
“Is somebody there?! Trevor, is
that you?! Frances? Hallo? Hallo?”
She started calling out the
whole family. “Nombuyiselo?
Sibongile? Mlungisi? Bulelwa?
Who’s there? What’s happening?”
It was like a game, like I was
trying to hide and a blind woman
was trying to find me using sonar.
Every time she called out, I froze.
There would be complete silence.
“Who’s there?! Hallo?!” I’d pause,
wait for her to settle back in her

chair, and then I’d start up again.
Finally, after what felt like
forever, I finished. I stood up, took
the newspaper—which is not the
quietest thing—and I slowwwwwly
folded it over. It crinkled. “Who’s
there?” Again I paused, waited.
Then I folded it over some more,
walked over to the rubbish bin,
placed my sin at the bottom, and
gingerly covered it with the rest of
the trash. Then I tiptoed back to the
other room, curled up on the
mattress on the floor, and
pretended to be asleep. The shit was
done, no outhouse involved, and
Koko was none the wiser.

Mission accomplished.
—
An hour later the rain had stopped.
My grandmother came home. The
second she walked in, Koko called
out to her.
“Frances! Thank God you’re
here. There’s something in the
house.”
“What was it?”
“I don’t know, but I could hear
it, and there was a smell.”
My gran started sniffing the air.
“Dear Lord! Yes, I can smell it, too.
Is it a rat? Did something die? It’s

definitely in the house.”
They went back and forth about
it, quite concerned, and then, as it
was getting dark, my mother came
home from work. The second she
walked in, my gran called out to
her.
“Oh, Nombuyiselo!
Nombuyiselo! There’s something in
the house!”
“What?! What do you mean?”
Koko told her the story, the
sounds, the smells.
Then my mom, who has a keen
sense of smell, started going around
the kitchen, sniffing. “Yes, I can
smell it. I can find it…I can find it…”

She went to the rubbish bin. “It’s in
here.” She lifted out the rubbish,
pulled out the folded newspaper
underneath, and opened it up, and
there was my little turd. She
showed it to gran.
“Look!”
“What?! How did it get there?!”
Koko, still blind, still stuck in
her chair, was dying to know what
was happening.
“What’s going on?!” she cried.
“What’s going on?! Did you find
it?!”
“It’s shit,” Mom said. “There’s
shit in the bottom of the dustbin.”

“But how?!” Koko said. “There
was no one here!”
“Are you sure there was no one
here?”
“Yes. I called out to everyone.
Nobody came.”
My mother gasped. “We’ve
been bewitched! It’s a demon!”
For my mother, this was the
logical conclusion. Because that’s
how witchcraft works. If someone
has put a curse on you or your
home, there is always the talisman
or totem, a tuft of hair or the head
of a cat, the physical manifestation
of the spiritual thing, proof of the
demon’s presence.

Once my mom found the turd,
all hell broke loose. This was
serious. They had evidence. She
came into the bedroom.
“Trevor! Trevor! Wake up!”
“What?!” I said, playing dumb.
“What’s going on?!”
“Come! There’s a demon in the
house!”
She took my hand and dragged
me out of bed. It was all hands on
deck, time for action. The first thing
we had to do was go outside and
burn the shit. That’s what you do
with witchcraft; the only way to
destroy it is to burn the physical
thing. We went out to the yard, and

my mom put the newspaper with
my little turd on the driveway, lit a
match, and set it on fire. Then my
mom and my gran stood around the
burning shit, praying and singing
songs of praise.
The commotion didn’t stop
there because when there’s a
demon around, the whole
community has to join together to
drive it out. If you’re not part of the
prayer, the demon might leave our
house and go to your house and
curse you. So we needed everyone.
The alarm was raised. The call went
out. My tiny old gran was out the
gate, going up and down the block,

calling to all the other old grannies
for an emergency prayer meeting.
“Come! We’ve been bewitched!”
I stood there, my shit burning
in the driveway, my poor aged
grandmother tottering up and down
the street in a panic, and I didn’t
know what to do. I knew there was
no demon, but there was no way I
could come clean. The hiding I
would have to endure? Good Lord.
Honesty was never the best policy
when it came to a hiding. I kept
quiet.
Moments later the grannies
came streaming in with their Bibles,
through the gate and up the

driveway, a dozen or more at least.
Everyone went inside. The house
was packed. This was by far the
biggest prayer meeting we’d ever
had—the biggest thing that had ever
happened in the history of our
home, period. Everyone sat in the
circle, praying and praying, and the
prayers were strong. The grannies
were chanting and murmuring and
swaying back and forth, speaking in
tongues. I was doing my best to
keep my head low and stay out of it.
Then my grandmother reached back
and grabbed me, pulled me into the
middle of the circle, and looked into
my eyes.

“Trevor, pray.”
“Yes!” my mother said. “Help
us! Pray, Trevor. Pray to God to kill
the demon!”
I was terrified. I believed in the
power of prayer. I knew that my
prayers worked. So if I prayed to
God to kill the thing that left the
shit, and the thing that left the shit
was me, then God was going to kill
me. I froze. I didn’t know what to
do. But all the grannies were
looking at me, waiting for me to
pray, so I prayed, stumbling
through as best I could.
“Dear Lord, please protect us,

um, you know, from whoever
did this but, like, we don’t
know what happened exactly
and maybe it was a big
misunderstanding and, you
know, maybe we shouldn’t be
quick to judge when we don’t
know the whole story and, I
mean, of course you know
best, Heavenly Father, but
maybe this time it wasn’t
actually a demon, because
who can say for certain, so
maybe cut whoever it was a
break…”
It was not my best

performance. Eventually I wrapped
it up and sat back down. The
praying continued. It went on for
some time. Pray, sing, pray. Sing,
pray, sing. Sing, sing, sing. Pray,
pray, pray. Then everyone finally
felt that the demon was gone and
life could continue, and we had the
big “amen” and everyone said good
night and went home.
That night I felt terrible. Before
bed, I quietly prayed, “God, I am so
sorry for all of this. I know this was
not cool.” Because I knew: God
answers your prayers. God is your
father. He’s the man who’s there for
you, the man who takes care of you.

When you pray, He stops and He
takes His time and He listens, and I
had subjected Him to two hours of
old grannies praying when I knew
that with all the pain and suffering
in the world He had more
important things to deal with than
my shit.

W h en I was growing u p we u sed
to get American TV sh ows
rebroadcast on ou r stations:
Doogie Howser, M.D.; Murder, She
Wrote; Rescue 911 with William
Sh atner. Most of th em were
du bbed into African langu ages.
ALF was in Afrikaans.
Transformers was in Soth o. Bu t if
you wanted to watch th em in
English , th e original American
au dio wou ld be simu lcast on th e
radio. You cou ld mu te you r TV and
listen to th at. Watch ing th ose
sh ows, I realized th at wh enever
black people were on-screen

speaking in African langu ages,
th ey felt familiar to me. Th ey
sou nded like th ey were su pposed to
sou nd. Th en I ’d listen to th em in
simu lcast on th e radio, and th ey
wou ld all h ave black American
accents. My perception of th em
ch anged. Th ey didn’t feel familiar.
Th ey felt like foreigners.
Langu age brings with it an
identity and a cu ltu re, or at least
th e perception of it. A sh ared
langu age says “We’re th e same.” A
langu age barrier says “We’re
different.” Th e arch itects of
aparth eid u nderstood th is. Part of
th e effort to divide black people
was to make su re we were
separated not ju st ph ysically bu t by
langu age as well. I n th e Bantu
sch ools, ch ildren were only tau gh t

in th eir h ome langu age. Zu lu kids
learned in Zu lu . Tswana kids
learned in Tswana. Becau se of th is,
we’d fall into th e trap th e
government h ad set for u s and
figh t among ou rselves, believing
th at we were different.
Th e great th ing abou t langu age
is th at you can ju st as easily u se it
to do th e opposite: convince people
th at th ey are th e same. Racism
teach es u s th at we are different
becau se of th e color of ou r skin.
Bu t becau se racism is stu pid, it’s
easily tricked. I f you ’re racist and
you meet someone wh o doesn’t
look like you , th e fact th at h e can’t
speak like you reinforces you r
racist preconceptions: He’s
different, less intelligent. A
brilliant scientist can come over th e

border from Mexico to live in
America, bu t if h e speaks in broken
English , people say, “Eh , I don’t
tru st th is gu y.”
“Bu t h e’s a scientist.”
“I n Mexican science, maybe. I
don’t tru st h im.”
However, if th e person wh o
doesn’t look like you speaks like
you , you r brain sh ort-circu its
becau se you r racism program h as
none of th ose instru ctions in th e
code. “Wait, wait,” you r mind says,
“th e racism code says if h e doesn’t
look like me h e isn’t like me, bu t th e
langu age code says if h e speaks like
me h e…is like me? Someth ing is off
h ere. I can’t figu re th is ou t.”

CHAMELEON
One afternoon I was playing with
my cousins. I was a doctor and they
were my patients. I was operating
on my cousin Bulelwa’s ear with a
set of matches when I accidentally
perforated her eardrum. All hell
broke loose. My grandmother came
running in from the kitchen.

“Kwenzeka ntoni?!” “What’s
happening?!” There was blood
coming out of my cousin’s head. We
were all crying. My grandmother
patched up Bulelwa’s ear and made
sure to stop the bleeding. But we
kept crying. Because clearly we’d
done something we were not
supposed to do, and we knew we
were going to be punished. My
grandmother finished up with
Bulelwa’s ear and whipped out a
belt and she beat the shit out of
Bulelwa. Then she beat the shit out
of Mlungisi, too. She didn’t touch
me.
Later that night my mother

came home from work. She found
my cousin with a bandage over her
ear and my gran crying at the
kitchen table.
“What’s going on?” my mom
said.
“Oh, Nombuyiselo,” she said.
“Trevor is so naughty. He’s the
naughtiest child I’ve ever come
across in my life.”
“Then you should hit him.”
“I can’t hit him.”
“Why not?”
“Because I don’t know how to
hit a white child,” she said. “A black
child, I understand. A black child,

you hit them and they stay black.
Trevor, when you hit him he turns
blue and green and yellow and red.
I’ve never seen those colors before.
I’m scared I’m going to break him. I
don’t want to kill a white person.
I’m so afraid. I’m not going to touch
him.” And she never did.
My grandmother treated me
like I was white. My grandfather
did, too, only he was even more
extreme. He called me “Mastah.” In
the car, he insisted on driving me as
if he were my chauffeur. “Mastah
must always sit in the backseat.” I
never challenged him on it. What
was I going to say? “I believe your

perception of race is flawed,
Grandfather.” No. I was five. I sat in
the back.
There were so many perks to
being “white” in a black family, I
can’t even front. I was having a
great time. My own family basically
did what the American justice
system does: I was given more
lenient treatment than the black
kids. Misbehavior that my cousins
would have been punished for, I
was given a warning and let off. And
I was way naughtier than either of
my cousins. It wasn’t even close. If
something got broken or if
someone was stealing granny’s

cookies, it was me. I was trouble.
My mom was the only force I
truly feared. She believed if you
spare the rod, you spoil the child.
But everyone else said, “No, he’s
different,” and they gave me a pass.
Growing up the way I did, I learned
how easy it is for white people to
get comfortable with a system that
awards them all the perks. I knew
my cousins were getting beaten for
things that I’d done, but I wasn’t
interested in changing my
grandmother’s perspective, because
that would mean I’d get beaten, too.
Why would I do that? So that I’d
feel better? Being beaten didn’t

make me feel better. I had a choice.
I could champion racial justice in
our home, or I could enjoy granny’s
cookies. I went with the cookies.
—
At that point I didn’t think of the
special treatment as having to do
with color. I thought of it as having
to do with Trevor. It wasn’t, “Trevor
doesn’t get beaten because Trevor is
white.” It was, “Trevor doesn’t get
beaten because Trevor is Trevor.”
Trevor can’t go outside. Trevor can’t
walk without supervision. It’s
because I’m me; that’s why this is
happening. I had no other points of

reference. There were no other
mixed kids around so that I could
say, “Oh, this happens to us.”
Nearly one million people lived
in Soweto. Ninety-nine point nine
percent of them were black—and
then there was me. I was famous in
my neighborhood just because of
the color of my skin. I was so
unique people would give directions
using me as a landmark. “The house
on Makhalima Street. At the corner
you’ll see a light-skinned boy. Take
a right there.”
Whenever the kids in the street
saw me they’d yell, “Indoda
yomlungu!” “The white man!”

Some of them would run away.
Others would call out to their
parents to come look. Others would
run up and try to touch me to see if
I was real. It was pandemonium.
What I didn’t understand at the
time was that the other kids
genuinely had no clue what a white
person was. Black kids in the
township didn’t leave the township.
Few people had televisions. They’d
seen the white police roll through,
but they’d never dealt with a white
person face-to-face, ever.
I’d go to funerals and I’d walk
in and the bereaved would look up
and see me and they’d stop crying.

They’d start whispering. Then
they’d wave and say, “Oh!” like they
were more shocked by me walking
in than by the death of their loved
ones. I think people felt like the
dead person was more important
because a white person had come to
the funeral.
After a funeral, the mourners
all go to the house of the surviving
family to eat. A hundred people
might show up, and you’ve got to
feed them. Usually you get a cow
and slaughter it and your neighbors
come over and help you cook.
Neighbors and acquaintances eat
outside in the yard and in the street,

and the family eats indoors. Every
funeral I ever went to, I ate indoors.
It didn’t matter if we knew the
deceased or not. The family would
see me and invite me in.
“Awunakuvumela umntana
womlungu ame ngaphandle. Yiza
naye apha ngaphakathi,” they’d
say. “You can’t let the white child
stand outside. Bring him in here.”
As a kid I understood that
people were different colors, but in
my head white and black and brown
were like types of chocolate. Dad
was the white chocolate, mom was
the dark chocolate, and I was the
milk chocolate. But we were all just

chocolate. I didn’t know any of it
had anything to do with “race.” I
didn’t know what race was. My
mother never referred to my dad as
white or to me as mixed. So when
the other kids in Soweto called me
“white,” even though I was light
brown, I just thought they had their
colors mixed up, like they hadn’t
learned them properly. “Ah, yes, my
friend. You’ve confused aqua with
turquoise. I can see how you made
that mistake. You’re not the first.”
I soon learned that the quickest
way to bridge the race gap was
through language. Soweto was a
melting pot: families from different

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

tribes and homelands. Most kids in
the township spoke only their home
language, but I learned several
languages because I grew up in a
house where there was no option
but to learn them. My mom made
sure English was the first language
I spoke. If you’re black in South
Africa, speaking English is the one
thing that can give you a leg up.
English is the language of money.
English comprehension is equated
with intelligence. If you’re looking
for a job, English is the difference
between getting the job or staying
unemployed. If you’re standing in
the dock, English is the difference

between getting off with a fine or
going to prison.
After English, Xhosa was what
we spoke around the house. When
my mother was angry she’d fall
back on her home language. As a
naughty child, I was well versed in
Xhosa threats. They were the first
phrases I picked up, mostly for my
own safety—phrases like “Ndiza
kubetha entloko.” “I’ll knock you
upside the head.” Or “Sidenge ndini
somntwana.” “You idiot of a child.”
It’s a very passionate language.
Outside of that, my mother picked
up different languages here and
there. She learned Zulu because it’s

similar to Xhosa. She spoke
German because of my father. She
spoke Afrikaans because it is useful
to know the language of your
oppressor. Sotho she learned in the
streets.
Living with my mom, I saw
how she used language to cross
boundaries, handle situations,
navigate the world. We were in a
shop once, and the shopkeeper,
right in front of us, turned to his
security guard and said, in
Afrikaans, “Volg daai swartes,
netnou steel hulle iets.” “Follow
those blacks in case they steal
something.”

My mother turned around and
said, in beautiful, fluent Afrikaans,
“Hoekom volg jy nie daai swartes
sodat jy hulle kan help kry waarna
hulle soek nie?” “Why don’t you
follow these blacks so you can help
them find what they’re looking
for?”
“Ag, jammer!” he said,
apologizing in Afrikaans. Then—and
this was the funny thing—he didn’t
apologize for being racist; he merely
apologized for aiming his racism at
us. “Oh, I’m so sorry,” he said. “I
thought you were like the other
blacks. You know how they love to
steal.”

I learned to use language like
my mother did. I would simulcast—
give you the program in your own
tongue. I’d get suspicious looks
from people just walking down the
street. “Where are you from?”
they’d ask. I’d reply in whatever
language they’d addressed me in,
using the same accent that they
used. There would be a brief
moment of confusion, and then the
suspicious look would disappear.
“Oh, okay. I thought you were a
stranger. We’re good then.”
It became a tool that served me
my whole life. One day as a young
man I was walking down the street,

and a group of Zulu guys was
walking behind me, closing in on
me, and I could hear them talking
to one another about how they were
going to mug me. “Asibambe le
autie yomlungu. Phuma ngapha
mina ngizoqhamuka ngemuva
kwakhe.” “Let’s get this white guy.
You go to his left, and I’ll come up
behind him.” I didn’t know what to
do. I couldn’t run, so I just spun
around real quick and said, “Kodwa
bafwethu yingani singavele
sibambe umuntu inkunzi?
Asenzeni. Mina ngikulindele.” “Yo,
guys, why don’t we just mug
someone together? I’m ready. Let’s

do it.”
They looked shocked for a
moment, and then they started
laughing. “Oh, sorry, dude. We
thought you were something else.
We weren’t trying to take anything
from you. We were trying to steal
from white people. Have a good day,
man.” They were ready to do me
violent harm, until they felt we
were part of the same tribe, and
then we were cool. That, and so
many other smaller incidents in my
life, made me realize that language,
even more than color, defines who
you are to people.
I became a chameleon. My

color didn’t change, but I could
change your perception of my color.
If you spoke to me in Zulu, I replied
to you in Zulu. If you spoke to me
in Tswana, I replied to you in
Tswana. Maybe I didn’t look like
you, but if I spoke like you, I was
you.
—
As apartheid was coming to an end,
South Africa’s elite private schools
started accepting children of all
colors. My mother’s company
offered bursaries, scholarships, for
underprivileged families, and she
managed to get me into Maryvale

College, an expensive private
Catholic school. Classes taught by
nuns. Mass on Fridays. The whole
bit. I started preschool there when I
was three, primary school when I
was five.
In my class we had all kinds of
kids. Black kids, white kids, Indian
kids, colored kids. Most of the white
kids were pretty well off. Every
child of color pretty much wasn’t.
But because of scholarships we all
sat at the same table. We wore the
same maroon blazers, the same
gray slacks and skirts. We had the
same books. We had the same
teachers. There was no racial

separation. Every clique was racially
mixed.
Kids still got teased and
bullied, but it was over usual kid
stuff: being fat or being skinny,
being tall or being short, being
smart or being dumb. I don’t
remember anybody being teased
about their race. I didn’t learn to
put limits on what I was supposed
to like or not like. I had a wide
berth to explore myself. I had
crushes on white girls. I had
crushes on black girls. Nobody
asked me what I was. I was Trevor.
It was a wonderful experience
to have, but the downside was that

it sheltered me from reality.
Maryvale was an oasis that kept me
from the truth, a comfortable place
where I could avoid making a tough
decision. But the real world doesn’t
go away. Racism exists. People are
getting hurt, and just because it’s
not happening to you doesn’t mean
it’s not happening. And at some
point, you have to choose. Black or
white. Pick a side. You can try to
hide from it. You can say, “Oh, I
don’t pick sides,” but at some point
life will force you to pick a side.
At the end of grade six I left
Maryvale to go to H. A. Jack
Primary, a government school. I

had to take an aptitude test before I
started, and, based on the results of
the test, the school counselor told
me, “You’re going to be in the smart
classes, the A classes.” I showed up
for the first day of school and went
to my classroom. Of the thirty or so
kids in my class, almost all of them
were white. There was one Indian
kid, maybe one or two black kids,
and me.
Then recess came. We went out
on the playground, and black kids
were everywhere. It was an ocean of
black, like someone had opened a
tap and all the black had come
pouring out. I was like, Where were

they all hiding? The white kids I’d
met that morning, they went in one
direction, the black kids went in
another direction, and I was left
standing in the middle, totally
confused. Were we going to meet
up later on? I did not understand
what was happening.
I was eleven years old, and it
was like I was seeing my country
for the first time. In the townships
you don’t see segregation, because
everyone is black. In the white
world, any time my mother took me
to a white church, we were the only
black people there, and my mom
didn’t separate herself from anyone.

She didn’t care. She’d go right up
and sit with the white people. And
at Maryvale, the kids were mixed up
and hanging out together. Before
that day, I had never seen people
being together and yet not together,
occupying the same space yet
choosing not to associate with each
other in any way. In an instant I
could see, I could feel, how the
boundaries were drawn. Groups
moved in color patterns across the
yard, up the stairs, down the hall. It
was insane. I looked over at the
white kids I’d met that morning.
Ten minutes earlier I’d thought I
was at a school where they were a

majority. Now I realized how few of
them there actually were compared
to everyone else.
I stood there awkwardly by
myself in this no-man’s-land in the
middle of the playground. Luckily, I
was rescued by the Indian kid from
my class, a guy named Theesan
Pillay. Theesan was one of the few
Indian kids in school, so he’d
noticed me, another obvious
outsider, right away. He ran over to
introduce himself. “Hello, fellow
anomaly! You’re in my class. Who
are you? What’s your story?” We
started talking and hit it off. He
took me under his wing, the Artful

Dodger to my bewildered Oliver.
Through our conversation it
came up that I spoke several
African languages, and Theesan
thought a colored kid speaking
black languages was the most
amazing trick. He brought me over
to a group of black kids. “Say
something,” he told them, “and he’ll
show you he understands you.” One
kid said something in Zulu, and I
replied to him in Zulu. Everyone
cheered. Another kid said
something in Xhosa, and I replied
to him in Xhosa. Everyone cheered.
For the rest of recess Theesan took
me around to different black kids

on the playground. “Show them
your trick. Do your language thing.”
The black kids were fascinated.
In South Africa back then, it wasn’t
common to find a white person or a
colored person who spoke African
languages; during apartheid white
people were always taught that
those languages were beneath
them. So the fact that I did speak
African languages immediately
endeared me to the black kids.
“How come you speak our
languages?” they asked.
“Because I’m black,” I said,
“like you.”
“You’re not black.”

“Yes, I am.”
“No, you’re not. Have you not
seen yourself?”
They were confused at first.
Because of my color, they thought I
was a colored person, but speaking
the same languages meant that I
belonged to their tribe. It just took
them a moment to figure it out. It
took me a moment, too.
At some point I turned to one
of them and said, “Hey, how come I
don’t see you guys in any of my
classes?” It turned out they were in
the B classes, which also happened
to be the black classes. That same
afternoon, I went back to the A

classes, and by the end of the day I
realized that they weren’t for me.
Suddenly, I knew who my people
were, and I wanted to be with them.
I went to see the school counselor.
“I’d like to switch over,” I told
her. “I’d like to go to the B classes.”
She was confused. “Oh, no,”
she said. “I don’t think you want to
do that.”
“Why not?”
“Because those kids are…you
know.”
“No, I don’t know. What do you
mean?”
“Look,” she said, “you’re a

smart kid. You don’t want to be in
that class.”
“But aren’t the classes the
same? English is English. Math is
math.”
“Yeah, but that class is…those
kids are gonna hold you back. You
want to be in the smart class.”
“But surely there must be some
smart kids in the B class.”
“No, there aren’t.”
“But all my friends are there.”
“You don’t want to be friends
with those kids.”
“Yes, I do.”
We went back and forth.

Finally she gave me a stern
warning.
“You do realize the effect this
will have on your future? You do
understand what you’re giving up?
This will impact the opportunities
you’ll have open to you for the rest
of your life.”
“I’ll take that chance.”
I moved to the B classes with
the black kids. I decided I’d rather
be held back with people I liked
than move ahead with people I
didn’t know.
Being at H. A. Jack made me
realize I was black. Before that
recess I’d never had to choose, but

when I was forced to choose, I
chose black. The world saw me as
colored, but I didn’t spend my life
looking at myself. I spent my life
looking at other people. I saw
myself as the people around me,
and the people around me were
black. My cousins are black, my
mom is black, my gran is black. I
grew up black. Because I had a
white father, because I’d been in
white Sunday school, I got along
with the white kids, but I didn’t
belong with the white kids. I wasn’t
a part of their tribe. But the black
kids embraced me. “Come along,”
they said. “You’re rolling with us.”

With the black kids, I wasn’t
constantly trying to be. With the
black kids, I just was.

B efore aparth eid, any black Sou th
African wh o received a formal
edu cation was likely tau gh t by
Eu ropean missionaries, foreign
enth u siasts eager to Ch ristianize
and Westernize th e natives. I n th e
mission sch ools, black people
learned English , Eu ropean
literatu re, medicine, th e law. I t’s
no coincidence th at nearly every
major black leader of th e anti-
aparth eid movement, from Nelson
Mandela to Steve Biko, was
edu cated by th e missionaries—a
knowledgeable man is a free man,
or at least a man wh o longs for

freedom.
Th e only way to make aparth eid
work, th erefore, was to cripple th e
black mind. Under aparth eid, th e
government bu ilt wh at became
known as Bantu sch ools. Bantu
sch ools tau gh t no science, no
h istory, no civics. Th ey tau gh t
metrics and agricu ltu re: h ow to
cou nt potatoes, h ow to pave roads,
ch op wood, till th e soil. “I t does not
serve th e Bantu to learn h istory
and science becau se h e is
primitive,” th e government said.
“Th is will only mislead h im,
sh owing h im pastu res in wh ich h e
is not allowed to graze.” To th eir
credit, th ey were simply being
h onest. Wh y edu cate a slave? Wh y
teach someone Latin wh en h is only
pu rpose is to dig h oles in th e

grou nd?
Mission sch ools were told to
conform to th e new cu rricu lu m or
sh u t down. Most of th em sh u t
down, and black ch ildren were
forced into crowded classrooms in
dilapidated sch ools, often with
teach ers wh o were barely literate
th emselves. Ou r parents and
grandparents were tau gh t with
little singsong lessons, th e way
you ’d teach a presch ooler sh apes
and colors. My grandfath er u sed to
sing th e songs and lau gh abou t
h ow silly th ey were. Two times two
is four. Three times two is six. La la
la la la. We’re talking abou t fu lly
grown teenagers being tau gh t th is
way, for generations.
Wh at h appened with edu cation
in Sou th Africa, with th e mission

sch ools and th e Bantu sch ools,
offers a neat comparison of th e two
grou ps of wh ites wh o oppressed u s,
th e British and th e Afrikaners. Th e
difference between British racism
and Afrikaner racism was th at at
least th e British gave th e natives
someth ing to aspire to. I f th ey
cou ld learn to speak correct
English and dress in proper
cloth es, if th ey cou ld Anglicize and
civilize th emselves, one day th ey
might be welcome in society. Th e
Afrikaners never gave u s th at
option. British racism said, “I f th e
monkey can walk like a man and
talk like a man, th en perh aps h e is
a man.” Afrikaner racism said,
“Wh y give a book to a monkey?”

THE SECOND GIRL
My mother used to tell me, “I chose
to have you because I wanted
something to love and something
that would love me unconditionally
in return.” I was a product of her
search for belonging. She never felt
like she belonged anywhere. She
didn’t belong to her mother, didn’t

belong to her father, didn’t belong
with her siblings. She grew up with
nothing and wanted something to
call her own.
My grandparents’ marriage was
an unhappy one. They met and
married in Sophiatown, but one
year later the army came in and
drove them out. The government
seized their home and bulldozed the
whole area to build a fancy, new
white suburb, Triomf. Triumph.
Along with tens of thousands of
other black people, my
grandparents were forcibly
relocated to Soweto, to a
neighborhood called the

Meadowlands. They divorced not
long after that, and my
grandmother moved to Orlando
with my mom, my aunt, and my
uncle.
My mom was the problem
child, a tomboy, stubborn, defiant.
My gran had no idea how to raise
her. Whatever love they had was
lost in the constant fighting that
went on between them. But my
mom adored her father, the
charming, charismatic Temperance.
She went gallivanting with him on
his manic misadventures. She’d tag
along when he’d go drinking in the
shebeens. All she wanted in life was

to please him and be with him. She
was always being swatted away by
his girlfriends, who didn’t like
having a reminder of his first
marriage hanging around, but that
only made her want to be with him
all the more.
When my mother was nine
years old, she told my gran that she
didn’t want to live with her
anymore. She wanted to live with
her father. “If that’s what you
want,” Gran said, “then go.”
Temperance came to pick my mom
up, and she happily bounded up
into his car, ready to go and be with
the man she loved. But instead of

taking her to live with him in the
Meadowlands, without even telling
her why, he packed her off and sent
her to live with his sister in the
Xhosa homeland, Transkei—he
didn’t want her, either. My mom
was the middle child. Her sister was
the eldest and firstborn. Her
brother was the only son, bearer of
the family name. They both stayed
in Soweto, were both raised and
cared for by their parents. But my
mom was unwanted. She was the
second girl. The only place she
would have less value would be
China.
My mother didn’t see her

family again for twelve years. She
lived in a hut with fourteen cousins
—fourteen children from fourteen
different mothers and fathers. All
the husbands and uncles had gone
off to the cities to find work, and
the children who weren’t wanted, or
whom no one could afford to feed,
had been sent back to the homeland
to live on this aunt’s farm.
The homelands were,
ostensibly, the original homes of
South Africa’s tribes, sovereign and
semi-sovereign “nations” where
black people would be “free.” Of
course, this was a lie. For starters,
despite the fact that black people

made up over 80 percent of South
Africa’s population, the territory
allocated for the homelands was
about 13 percent of the country’s
land. There was no running water,
no electricity. People lived in huts.
Where South Africa’s white
countryside was lush and irrigated
and green, the black lands were
overpopulated and overgrazed, the
soil depleted and eroding. Other
than the menial wages sent home
from the cities, families scraped by
with little beyond subsistence-level
farming. My mother’s aunt hadn’t
taken her in out of charity. She was
there to work. “I was one of the

cows,” my mother would later say,
“one of the oxen.” She and her
cousins were up at half past four,
plowing fields and herding animals
before the sun baked the soil as
hard as cement and made it too hot
to be anywhere but in the shade.
For dinner there might be one
chicken to feed fourteen children.
My mom would have to fight with
the bigger kids to get a handful of
meat or a sip of the gravy or even a
bone from which to suck out some
marrow. And that’s when there was
food for dinner at all. When there
wasn’t, she’d steal food from the
pigs. She’d steal food from the dogs.

The farmers would put out scraps
for the animals, and she’d jump for
it. She was hungry; let the animals
fend for themselves. There were
times when she literally ate dirt.
She would go down to the river,
take the clay from the riverbank,
and mix it with the water to make a
grayish kind of milk. She’d drink
that to feel full.
But my mother was blessed
that her village was one of the
places where a mission school had
contrived to stay open in spite of
the government’s Bantu education
policies. There she had a white
pastor who taught her English. She

didn’t have food or shoes or even a
pair of underwear, but she had
English. She could read and write.
When she was old enough she
stopped working on the farm and
got a job at a factory in a nearby
town. She worked on a sewing
machine making school uniforms.
Her pay at the end of each day was a
plate of food. She used to say it was
the best food she’d ever eaten,
because it was something she had
earned on her own. She wasn’t a
burden to anyone and didn’t owe
anything to anyone.
When my mom turned twenty-
one, her aunt fell ill and that family

could no longer keep her in
Transkei. My mom wrote to my
gran, asking her to send the price of
a train ticket, about thirty rand, to
bring her home. Back in Soweto, my
mom enrolled in the secretarial
course that allowed her to grab hold
of the bottom rung of the white-
collar world. She worked and
worked and worked but, living
under my grandmother’s roof, she
wasn’t allowed to keep her own
wages. As a secretary, my mom was
bringing home more money than
anyone else, and my grandmother
insisted it all go to the family. The
family needed a radio, an oven, a

refrigerator, and it was now my
mom’s job to provide it.
So many black families spend
all of their time trying to fix the
problems of the past. That is the
curse of being black and poor, and it
is a curse that follows you from
generation to generation. My
mother calls it “the black tax.”
Because the generations who came
before you have been pillaged,
rather than being free to use your
skills and education to move
forward, you lose everything just
trying to bring everyone behind you
back up to zero. Working for the
family in Soweto, my mom had no

more freedom than she’d had in
Transkei, so she ran away. She ran
all the way down to the train station
and jumped on a train and
disappeared into the city,
determined to sleep in public
restrooms and rely on the kindness
of prostitutes until she could make
her own way in the world.
—
My mother never sat me down and
told me the whole story of her life
in Transkei. She’d give me little
bursts, random details, stories of
having to keep her wits about her to
avoid getting raped by strange men

in the village. She’d tell me these
things and I’d be like, Lady, clearly
you do not know what kind of
stories to be telling a ten-year-old.
My mom told me these things
so that I’d never take for granted
how we got to where we were, but
none of it ever came from a place of
self-pity. “Learn from your past and
be better because of your past,” she
would say, “but don’t cry about your
past. Life is full of pain. Let the pain
sharpen you, but don’t hold on to it.
Don’t be bitter.” And she never was.
The deprivations of her youth, the
betrayals of her parents, she never
complained about any of it.

Just as she let the past go, she
was determined not to repeat it: my
childhood would bear no
resemblance to hers. She started
with my name. The names Xhosa
families give their children always
have a meaning, and that meaning
has a way of becoming self-
fulfilling. You have my cousin,
Mlungisi. “The Fixer.” That’s who
he is. Whenever I got into trouble
he was the one trying to help me fix
it. He was always the good kid,
doing chores, helping around the
house. You have my uncle, the
unplanned pregnancy, Velile. “He
Who Popped Out of Nowhere.” And

that’s all he’s done his whole life,
disappear and reappear. He’ll go off
on a drinking binge and then pop
back up out of nowhere a week
later.
Then you have my mother,
Patricia Nombuyiselo Noah. “She
Who Gives Back.” That’s what she
does. She gives and gives and gives.
She did it even as a girl in Soweto.
Playing in the streets she would
find toddlers, three- and four-year-
olds, running around unsupervised
all day long. Their fathers were
gone and their mothers were
drunks. My mom, who was only six
or seven herself, used to round up

the abandoned kids and form a
troop and take them around to the
shebeens. They’d collect empties
from the men who were passed out
and take the bottles to where you
could turn them in for a deposit.
Then my mom would take that
money, buy food in the spaza
shops, and feed the kids. She was a
child taking care of children.
When it was time to pick my
name, she chose Trevor, a name
with no meaning whatsoever in
South Africa, no precedent in my
family. It’s not even a Biblical
name. It’s just a name. My mother
wanted her child beholden to no

fate. She wanted me to be free to go
anywhere, do anything, be anyone.
She gave me the tools to do it
as well. She taught me English as
my first language. She read to me
constantly. The first book I learned
to read was the book. The Bible.
Church was where we got most of
our other books, too. My mom
would bring home boxes that white
people had donated—picture books,
chapter books, any book she could
get her hands on. Then she signed
up for a subscription program
where we got books in the mail. It
was a series of how-to books. How
to Be a Good Friend. How to Be

Honest. She bought a set of
encyclopedias, too; it was fifteen
years old and way out of date, but I
would sit and pore through those.
My books were my prized
possessions. I had a bookshelf
where I put them, and I was so
proud of it. I loved my books and
kept them in pristine condition. I
read them over and over, but I did
not bend the pages or the spines. I
treasured every single one. As I
grew older I started buying my own
books. I loved fantasy, loved to get
lost in worlds that didn’t exist. I
remember there was some book
about white boys who solved

mysteries or some shit. I had no
time for that. Give me Roald Dahl.
James and the Giant Peach, The
BFG, Charlie and the Chocolate
Factory, The Wonderful Story of
Henry Sugar. That was my fix.
I had to fight to convince my
mom to get the Narnia books for
me. She didn’t like them.
“This lion,” she said, “he is a
false God—a false idol! You
remember what happened when
Moses came down from the
mountain after he got the tablets…”
“Yes, Mom,” I explained, “but
the lion is a Christ figure.
Technically, he is Jesus. It’s a story

to explain Jesus.”
She wasn’t comfortable with
that. “No, no. No false idols, my
friend.”
Eventually I wore her down.
That was a big win.
If my mother had one goal, it
was to free my mind. My mother
spoke to me like an adult, which
was unusual. In South Africa, kids
play with kids and adults talk to
adults. The adults supervise you,
but they don’t get down on your
level and talk to you. My mom did.
All the time. I was like her best
friend. She was always telling me
stories, giving me lessons, Bible

lessons especially. She was big into
Psalms. I had to read Psalms every
day. She would quiz me on it. “What
does the passage mean? What does
it mean to you? How do you apply it
to your life?” That was every day of
my life. My mom did what school
didn’t. She taught me how to think.
—
The end of apartheid was a gradual
thing. It wasn’t like the Berlin Wall
where one day it just came down.
Apartheid’s walls cracked and
crumbled over many years.
Concessions were made here and
there, some laws were repealed,

others simply weren’t enforced.
There came a point, in the months
before Mandela’s release, when we
could live less furtively. It was then
that my mother decided we needed
to move. She felt we had grown as
much as we could hiding in our tiny
flat in town.
The country was open now.
Where would we go? Soweto came
with its burdens. My mother still
wanted to get out from the shadow
of her family. My mother also
couldn’t walk with me through
Soweto without people saying,
“There goes that prostitute with a
white man’s child.” In a black area

she would always be seen as that.
So, since my mom didn’t want to
move to a black area and couldn’t
afford to move to a white area, she
decided to move to a colored area.
Eden Park was a colored
neighborhood adjacent to several
black townships on the East Rand.
Half-colored and half-black, she
figured, like us. We’d be
camouflaged there. It didn’t work
out that way; we never fit in at all.
But that was her thinking when we
made the move. Plus it was a
chance to buy a home—our own
home. Eden Park was one of those
“suburbs” that are actually out on

the edge of civilization, the kind of
place where property developers
have said, “Hey, poor people. You
can live the good life, too. Here’s a
house. In the middle of nowhere.
But look, you have a yard!” For
some reason the streets in Eden
Park were named after cars: Jaguar
Street. Ferrari Street. Honda Street.
I don’t know if that was a
coincidence or not, but it’s funny
because colored people in South
Africa are known for loving fancy
cars. It was like living in a white
neighborhood with all the streets
named after varietals of fine wine.
I remember moving out there

in flashbacks, snippets, driving to a
place I’d never seen, seeing people
I’d never seen. It was flat, not many
trees, the same dusty red-clay dirt
and grass as Soweto but with proper
houses and paved roads and a sense
of suburbia to it. Ours was a tiny
house at the bend in the road right
off Toyota Street. It was modest and
cramped inside, but walking in I
thought, Wow. We are really living.
It was crazy to have my own room. I
didn’t like it. My whole life I’d slept
in a room with my mom or on the
floor with my cousins. I was used to
having other human beings right
next to me, so I slept in my mom’s

bed most nights.
There was no stepfather in the
picture yet, no baby brother crying
in the night. It was me and her,
alone. There was this sense of the
two of us embarking on a grand
adventure. She’d say things to me
like, “It’s you and me against the
world.” I understood even from an
early age that we weren’t just
mother and son. We were a team.
It was when we moved to Eden
Park that we finally got a car, the
beat-up, tangerine Volkswagen my
mother bought secondhand for next
to nothing. One out of five times it
wouldn’t start. There was no AC.

Anytime I made the mistake of
turning on the fan the vent would
fart bits of leaves and dust all over
me. Whenever it broke down we’d
catch minibuses, or sometimes we’d
hitchhike. She’d make me hide in
the bushes because she knew men
would stop for a woman but not a
woman with a child. She’d stand by
the road, the driver would pull over,
she’d open the door and then
whistle, and I’d come running up to
the car. I would watch their faces
drop as they realized they weren’t
picking up an attractive single
woman but an attractive single
woman with a fat little kid.

When the car did work, we had
the windows down, sputtering along
and baking in the heat. For my
entire life the dial on that car’s
radio stayed on one station. It was
called Radio Pulpit, and as the
name suggests it was nothing but
preaching and praise. I wasn’t
allowed to touch that dial. Anytime
the radio wasn’t getting reception,
my mom would pop in a cassette of
Jimmy Swaggart sermons. (When
we finally found out about the
scandal? Oh, man. That was rough.)
But as shitty as our car was, it
was a car. It was freedom. We
weren’t black people stuck in the

townships, waiting for public
transport. We were black people
who were out in the world. We were
black people who could wake up
and say, “Where do we choose to go
today?” On the commute to work
and school, there was a long stretch
of the road into town that was
completely deserted. That’s where
Mom would let me drive. On the
highway. I was six. She’d put me on
her lap and let me steer and work
the indicators while she worked the
pedals and the stick shift. After a
few months of that, she taught me
how to work the stick. She was still
working the clutch, but I’d climb

onto her lap and take the stick, and
she’d call out the gears as we drove.
There was this one part of the road
that ran deep into a valley and then
back up the other side. We’d get up
a head of speed, and we’d stick it
into neutral and let go of the brake
and the clutch, and, woo-hoo!, we’d
race down the hill and then, zoom!,
we’d shoot up the other side. We
were flying.
If we weren’t at school or work
or church, we were out exploring.
My mom’s attitude was “I chose
you, kid. I brought you into this
world, and I’m going to give you
everything I never had.” She poured

herself into me. She would find
places for us to go where we didn’t
have to spend money. We must
have gone to every park in
Johannesburg. My mom would sit
under a tree and read the Bible, and
I’d run and play and play and play.
On Sunday afternoons after church,
we’d go for drives out in the
country. My mom would find places
with beautiful views for us to sit
and have a picnic. There was none
of the fanfare of a picnic basket or
plates or anything like that, only
baloney and brown bread and
margarine sandwiches wrapped up
in butcher paper. To this day,

baloney and brown bread and
margarine will instantly take me
back. You can come with all the
Michelin stars in the world, just
give me baloney and brown bread
and margarine and I’m in heaven.
Food, or the access to food, was
always the measure of how good or
bad things were going in our lives.
My mom would always say, “My job
is to feed your body, feed your
spirit, and feed your mind.” That’s
exactly what she did, and the way
she found money for food and
books was to spend absolutely
nothing on anything else. Her
frugality was the stuff of legend.

Our car was a tin can on wheels,
and we lived in the middle of
nowhere. We had threadbare
furniture, busted old sofas with
holes worn through the fabric. Our
TV was a tiny black-and-white with
a bunny aerial on top. We changed
the channels using a pair of pliers
because the buttons didn’t work.
Most of the time you had to squint
to see what was going on.
We always wore secondhand
clothes, from Goodwill stores or
that were giveaways from white
people at church. All the other kids
at school got brands, Nike and
Adidas. I never got brands. One

time I asked my mom for Adidas
sneakers. She came home with
some knockoff brand, Abidas.
“Mom, these are fake,” I said.
“I don’t see the difference.”
“Look at the logo. There are
four stripes instead of three.”
“Lucky you,” she said. “You got
one extra.”
We got by with next to nothing,
but we always had church and we
always had books and we always
had food. Mind you, it wasn’t
necessarily good food. Meat was a
luxury. When things were going
well we’d have chicken. My mom
was an expert at cracking open a

chicken bone and getting out every
last bit of marrow inside. We didn’t
eat chickens. We obliterated them.
Our family was an archaeologist’s
nightmare. We left no bones
behind. When we were done with a
chicken there was nothing left but
the head. Sometimes the only meat
we had was a packaged meat you
could buy at the butcher called
“sawdust.” It was literally the dust
of the meat, the bits that fell off the
cuts being packaged for the shop,
the bits of fat and whatever’s left.
They’d sweep it up and put it into
bags. It was meant for dogs, but my
mom bought it for us. There were

many months where that was all we
ate.
The butcher sold bones, too.
We called them “soup bones,” but
they were actually labeled “dog
bones” in the store; people would
cook them for their dogs as a treat.
Whenever times were really tough
we’d fall back on dog bones. My
mom would boil them for soup.
We’d suck the marrow out of them.
Sucking marrow out of bones is a
skill poor people learn early. I’ll
never forget the first time I went to
a fancy restaurant as a grown man
and someone told me, “You have to
try the bone marrow. It’s such a

delicacy. It’s divine.” They ordered
it, the waiter brought it out, and I
was like, “Dog bones,
motherfucker!” I was not
impressed.
As modestly as we lived at
home, I never felt poor because our
lives were so rich with experience.
We were always out doing
something, going somewhere. My
mom used to take me on drives
through fancy white
neighborhoods. We’d go look at
people’s houses, look at their
mansions. We’d look at their walls,
mostly, because that’s all we could
see from the road. We’d look at a

wall that ran from one end of the
block to the other and go, “Wow.
That’s only one house. All of that is
for one family.” Sometimes we’d
pull over and go up to the wall, and
she’d put me up on her shoulders
like I was a little periscope. I would
look into the yards and describe
everything I was seeing. “It’s a big
white house! They have two dogs!
There’s a lemon tree! They have a
swimming pool! And a tennis
court!”
My mother took me places
black people never went. She
refused to be bound by ridiculous
ideas of what black people couldn’t

or shouldn’t do. She’d take me to
the ice rink to go skating.
Johannesburg used to have this
epic drive-in movie theater, Top
Star Drive-In, on top of a massive
mine dump outside the city. She’d
take me to movies there; we’d get
snacks, hang the speaker on our car
window. Top Star had a 360-degree
view of the city, the suburbs,
Soweto. Up there I could see for
miles in every direction. I felt like I
was on top of the world.
My mom raised me as if there
were no limitations on where I
could go or what I could do. When I
look back I realize she raised me

like a white kid—not white
culturally, but in the sense of
believing that the world was my
oyster, that I should speak up for
myself, that my ideas and thoughts
and decisions mattered.
We tell people to follow their
dreams, but you can only dream of
what you can imagine, and,
depending on where you come
from, your imagination can be quite
limited. Growing up in Soweto, our
dream was to put another room on
our house. Maybe have a driveway.
Maybe, someday, a cast-iron gate at
the end of the driveway. Because
that is all we knew. But the highest

rung of what’s possible is far
beyond the world you can see. My
mother showed me what was
possible. The thing that always
amazed me about her life was that
no one showed her. No one chose
her. She did it on her own. She
found her way through sheer force
of will.
Perhaps even more amazing is
the fact that my mother started her
little project, me, at a time when
she could not have known that
apartheid would end. There was no
reason to think it would end; it had
seen generations come and go. I
was nearly six when Mandela was

released, ten before democracy
finally came, yet she was preparing
me to live a life of freedom long
before we knew freedom would
exist. A hard life in the township or
a trip to the colored orphanage were
the far more likely options on the
table. But we never lived that way.
We only moved forward and we
always moved fast, and by the time
the law and everyone else came
around we were already miles down
the road, flying across the freeway
in a bright-orange, piece-of-shit
Volkswagen with the windows
down and Jimmy Swaggart praising
Jesus at the top of his lungs.

People thought my mom was
crazy. Ice rinks and drive-ins and
suburbs, these things were izinto
zabelungu—the things of white
people. So many black people had
internalized the logic of apartheid
and made it their own. Why teach a
black child white things? Neighbors
and relatives used to pester my
mom. “Why do all this? Why show
him the world when he’s never
going to leave the ghetto?”
“Because,” she would say,
“even if he never leaves the ghetto,
he will know that the ghetto is not
the world. If that is all I accomplish,
I’ve done enough.”

A parth eid, for all its power, h ad
fatal flaws baked in, starting with
th e fact th at it never made any
sense. Racism is not logical.
Consider th is: Ch inese people were
classified as black in Sou th Africa. I
don’t mean th ey were ru nning
arou nd acting black. Th ey were still
Ch inese. Bu t, u nlike I ndians, th ere
weren’t enou gh Ch inese people to
warrant devising a wh ole separate
classification. Aparth eid, despite
its intricacies and precision, didn’t
know wh at to do with th em, so th e
government said, “Eh , we’ll ju st call
’em black. I t’s simpler th at way.”

I nterestingly, at th e same time,
Japanese people were labeled as
wh ite. Th e reason for th is was th at
th e Sou th African government
wanted to establish good relations
with th e Japanese in order to
import th eir fancy cars and
electronics. So Japanese people
were given h onorary wh ite statu s
wh ile Ch inese people stayed black.
I always like to imagine being a
Sou th African policeman wh o likely
cou ldn’t tell th e difference between
Ch inese and Japanese bu t wh ose
job was to make su re th at people of
th e wrong color weren’t doing th e
wrong th ing. I f h e saw an Asian
person sitting on a wh ites-only
bench , wh at wou ld h e say?
“Hey, get off th at bench , you
Ch inaman!”

“Excu se me. I ’m Japanese.”
“Oh , I apologize, sir. I didn’t
mean to be racist. Have a lovely
afternoon.”

LOOPHOLES
My mother used to tell me, “I chose
to have you because I wanted
something to love and something
that would love me unconditionally
in return—and then I gave birth to
the most selfish piece of shit on
earth and all it ever did was cry and
eat and shit and say, ‘Me, me, me,

me me.’ ”
My mom thought having a
child was going to be like having a
partner, but every child is born the
center of its own universe,
incapable of understanding the
world beyond its own wants and
needs, and I was no different. I was
a voracious kid. I consumed boxes
of books and wanted more, more,
more. I ate like a pig. The way I ate
I should have been obese. At a
certain point the family thought I
had worms. Whenever I went to my
cousins’ house for the holidays, my
mom would drop me off with a bag
of tomatoes, onions, and potatoes

and a large sack of cornmeal. That
was her way of preempting any
complaints about my visit. At my
gran’s house I always got seconds,
which none of the other kids got.
My grandmother would give me the
pot and say, “Finish it.” If you didn’t
want to wash the dishes, you called
Trevor. They called me the rubbish
bin of the family. I ate and ate and
ate.
I was hyperactive, too. I craved
constant stimulation and activity.
When I walked down the sidewalk
as a toddler, if you didn’t have my
arm in a death grip, I was off,
running full-speed toward the

traffic. I loved to be chased. I
thought it was a game. The old
grannies my mom hired to look
after me while she was at work? I
would leave them in tears. My mom
would come home and they’d be
crying. “I quit. I can’t do this. Your
son is a tyrant.” It was the same
with my schoolteachers, with
Sunday school teachers. If you
weren’t engaging me, you were in
trouble. I wasn’t a shit to people. I
wasn’t whiny and spoiled. I had
good manners. I was just high-
energy and knew what I wanted to
do.
My mom used to take me to

the park so she could run me to
death to burn off the energy. She’d
take a Frisbee and throw it, and I’d
run and catch it and bring it back.
Over and over and over. Sometimes
she’d throw a tennis ball. Black
people’s dogs don’t play fetch; you
don’t throw anything to a black
person’s dog unless it’s food. So it
was only when I started spending
time in parks with white people and
their pets that I realized my mom
was training me like a dog.
Anytime my extra energy
wasn’t burned off, it would find its
way into general naughtiness and
misbehavior. I prided myself on

being the ultimate prankster. Every
teacher at school used overhead
projectors to put their notes up on
the wall during class. One day I
went around and took the
magnifying glass out of every
projector in every classroom.
Another time I emptied a fire
extinguisher into the school piano,
because I knew we were going to
have a performance at assembly the
next day. The pianist sat down and
played the first note and, foomp!,
all this foam exploded out of the
piano.
The two things I loved most
were fire and knives. I was

endlessly fascinated by them.
Knives were just cool. I collected
them from pawnshops and garage
sales: flick knives, butterfly knives,
the Rambo knife, the Crocodile
Dundee knife. Fire was the
ultimate, though. I loved fire and I
especially loved fireworks. We
celebrated Guy Fawkes Day in
November, and every year my mom
would buy us a ton of fireworks,
like a mini-arsenal. I realized that I
could take the gunpowder out of all
the fireworks and create one
massive firework of my own. One
afternoon I was doing precisely
that, goofing around with my

cousin and filling an empty plant
pot with a huge pile of gunpowder,
when I got distracted by some Black
Cat firecrackers. The cool thing you
could do with a Black Cat was,
instead of lighting it to make it
explode, you could break it in half
and light it and it would turn into a
mini-flamethrower. I stopped
midway through building my
gunpowder pile to play with the
Black Cats and somehow dropped a
match into the pile. The whole
thing exploded, throwing a massive
ball of flame up in my face.
Mlungisi screamed, and my mom
came running into the yard in a

panic.
“What happened?!”
I played it cool, even though I
could still feel the heat of the
fireball on my face. “Oh, nothing.
Nothing happened.”
“Were you playing with fire?!”
“No.”
She shook her head. “You know
what? I would beat you, but Jesus
has already exposed your lies.”
“Huh?”
“Go to the bathroom and look
at yourself.”
I went to the toilet and looked
in the mirror. My eyebrows were

gone and the front inch or so of my
hair was completely burned off.
From an adult’s point of view, I
was destructive and out of control,
but as a child I didn’t think of it that
way. I never wanted to destroy. I
wanted to create. I wasn’t burning
my eyebrows. I was creating fire. I
wasn’t breaking overhead
projectors. I was creating chaos, to
see how people reacted.
And I couldn’t help it. There’s a
condition kids suffer from, a
compulsive disorder that makes
them do things they themselves
don’t understand. You can tell a
child, “Whatever you do, don’t draw

on the wall. You can draw on this
paper. You can draw in this book.
You can draw on any surface you
want. But do not draw or write or
color on the wall.” The child will
look you dead in the eye and say,
“Got it.” Ten minutes later the child
is drawing on the wall. You start
screaming. “Why the hell are you
drawing on the wall?!” The child
looks at you, and he genuinely has
no idea why he drew on the wall. As
a kid, I remember having that
feeling all the time. Every time I got
punished, as my mom was
whooping my ass, I’d be thinking,
Why did I just do that? I knew not

to do that. She told me not to do
that. Then once the hiding was over
I’d say to myself, I’m going to be so
good from here on. I’m never ever
going to do a bad thing in my life
ever ever ever ever ever—and to
remember not to do anything bad,
let me write something on the wall
to remind myself…and then I would
pick up a crayon and get straight
back into it, and I never understood
why.
—
My relationship with my mom was
like the relationship between a cop
and a criminal in the movies—the

relentless detective and the devious
mastermind she’s determined to
catch. They’re bitter rivals, but,
damn, they respect the hell out of
each other, and somehow they even
grow to like each other. Sometimes
my mom would catch me, but she
was usually one step behind, and
she was always giving me the eye.
Someday, kid. Someday I’m going
to catch you and put you away for
the rest of your life. Then I would
give her a nod in return. Have a
good evening, Officer. That was my
whole childhood.
My mom was forever trying to
rein me in. Over the years, her

tactics grew more and more
sophisticated. Where I had youth
and energy on my side, she had
cunning, and she figured out
different ways to keep me in line.
One Sunday we were at the shops
and there was a big display of toffee
apples. I loved toffee apples, and I
kept nagging her the whole way
through the shop. “Please can I
have a toffee apple? Please can I
have a toffee apple? Please can I
have a toffee apple? Please can I
have a toffee apple?”
Finally, once we had our
groceries and my mom was heading
to the front to pay, I succeeded in

wearing her down. “Fine,” she said.
“Go and get a toffee apple.” I ran,
got a toffee apple, came back, and
put it on the counter at the
checkout.
“Add this toffee apple, please,”
I said.
The cashier looked at me
skeptically. “Wait your turn, boy.
I’m still helping this lady.”
“No,” I said. “She’s buying it for
me.”
My mother turned to me.
“Who’s buying it for you?”
“You’re buying it for me.”
“No, no. Why doesn’t your

mother buy it for you?”
“What? My mother? You are
my mother.”
“I’m your mother? No, I’m not
your mother. Where’s your
mother?”
I was so confused. “You’re my
mother.”
The cashier looked at her,
looked back at me, looked at her
again. She shrugged, like, I have no
idea what that kid’s talking about.
Then she looked at me like she’d
never seen me before in her life.
“Are you lost, little boy?
Where’s your mother?”

“Yeah,” the cashier said.
“Where’s your mother?”
I pointed at my mother. “She’s
my mother.”
“What? She can’t be your
mother, boy. She’s black. Can’t you
see?”
My mom shook her head. “Poor
little colored boy lost his mother.
What a shame.”
I panicked. Was I crazy? Is she
not my mother? I started bawling.
“You’re my mother. You’re my
mother. She’s my mother. She’s my
mother.”
She shrugged again. “So sad. I
hope he finds his mother.”

The cashier nodded. She paid
him, took our groceries, and walked
out of the shop. I dropped the toffee
apple, ran out behind her in tears,
and caught up to her at the car. She
turned around, laughing
hysterically, like she’d really got me
good.
“Why are you crying?” she
asked.
“Because you said you weren’t
my mother. Why did you say you
weren’t my mother?”
“Because you wouldn’t shut up
about the toffee apple. Now get in
the car. Let’s go.”
By the time I was seven or

eight, I was too smart to be tricked,
so she changed tactics. Our life
turned into a courtroom drama with
two lawyers constantly debating
over loopholes and technicalities.
My mom was smart and had a sharp
tongue, but I was quicker in an
argument. She’d get flustered
because she couldn’t keep up. So
she started writing me letters. That
way she could make her points and
there could be no verbal sparring
back and forth. If I had chores to
do, I’d come home to find an
envelope slipped under the door,
like from the landlord.
Dear Trevor,

“Children, obey your parents in
everything, for this pleases the
Lord.”
—Colossians 3:20
There are certain things I expect
from you as my child and as a
young man. You need to clean your
room. You need to keep the house
clean. You need to look after your
school uniform. Please, my child, I
ask you. Respect my rules so that I
may also respect you. I ask you
now, please go and do the dishes
and do the weeds in the garden.
Yours sincerely,
Mom
I would do my chores, and if I
had anything to say I would write

back. Because my mom was a
secretary and I spent hours at her
office every day after school, I’d
learned a great deal about business
correspondence. I was extremely
proud of my letter-writing abilities.
To Whom It May Concern:
Dear Mom,
I have received your
correspondence earlier. I am
delighted to say that I am ahead of
schedule on the dishes and I will
continue to wash them in an hour
or so. Please note that the garden is
wet and so I cannot do the weeds at
this time, but please be assured this
task will be completed by the end of
the weekend. Also, I completely

agree with what you are saying with
regard to my respect levels and I
will maintain my room to a
satisfactory standard.
Yours sincerely,
Trevor
Those were the polite letters. If
we were having a real, full-on
argument or if I’d gotten in trouble
at school, I’d find more accusatory
missives waiting for me when I got
home.
Dear Trevor,
“Foolishness is bound up in the
heart of a child; the rod of
discipline will remove it far from

him.”
—Proverbs 22:15
Your school marks this term have
been very disappointing, and your
behavior in class continues to be
disruptive and disrespectful. It is
clear from your actions that you do
not respect me. You do not respect
your teachers. Learn to respect the
women in your life. The way you
treat me and the way you treat your
teachers will be the way you treat
other women in the world. Learn to
buck that trend now and you will be
a better man because of it. Because
of your behavior I am grounding
you for one week. There will be no
television and no videogames.
Yours sincerely,
Mom

I, of course, would find this
punishment completely unfair. I’d
take the letter and confront her.
“Can I speak to you about
this?”
“No. If you want to reply, you
have to write a letter.”
I’d go to my room, get out my
pen and paper, sit at my little desk,
and go after her arguments one by
one.
To Whom It May Concern:
Dear Mom,
First of all, this has been a
particularly tough time in school,
and for you to say that my marks

are bad is extremely unfair,
especially considering the fact that
you yourself were not very good in
school and I am, after all, a product
of yours, and so in part you are to
blame because if you were not good
in school, why would I be good in
school because genetically we are
the same. Gran always talks about
how naughty you were, so obviously
my naughtiness comes from you, so
I don’t think it is right or just for
you to say any of this.
Yours sincerely,
Trevor
I’d bring her the letter and
stand there while she read it.
Invariably she’d tear it up and

throw it in the dustbin. “Rubbish!
This is rubbish!” Then she’d start to
launch into me and I’d say, “Ah-ah-
ah. No. You have to write a letter.”
Then I’d go to my room and wait for
her reply. This sometimes went
back and forth for days.
The letter writing was for
minor disputes. For major
infractions, my mom went with the
ass-whooping. Like most black
South African parents, when it
came to discipline my mom was old
school. If I pushed her too far, she’d
go for the belt or switch. That’s just
how it was in those days. Pretty
much all of my friends had it the

same.
My mom would have given me
proper sit-down hidings if I’d given
her the opportunity, but she could
never catch me. My gran called me
“Springbok,” after the second-
fastest land mammal on earth, the
deer that the cheetah hunts. My
mom had to become a guerrilla
fighter. She got her licks in where
she could, her belt or maybe a shoe,
administered on the fly.
One thing I respected about my
mom was that she never left me in
any doubt as to why I was receiving
the hiding. It wasn’t rage or anger.
It was discipline from a place of

love. My mom was on her own with
a crazy child. I destroyed pianos. I
shat on floors. I would screw up,
she’d beat the shit out of me and
give me time to cry, and then she’d
pop back into my room with a big
smile and go, “Are you ready for
dinner? We need to hurry and eat if
we want to watch Rescue 911. Are
you coming?”
“What? What kind of
psychopath are you? You just beat
me!”
“Yes. Because you did
something wrong. It doesn’t mean I
don’t love you anymore.”
“What?”

“Look, did you or did you not
do something wrong?”
“I did.”
“And then? I hit you. And now
that’s over. So why sit there and
cry? It’s time for Rescue 911.
William Shatner is waiting. Are you
coming or not?”
—
When it came to discipline, Catholic
school was no joke. Whenever I got
into trouble with the nuns at
Maryvale they’d rap me on the
knuckles with the edge of a metal
ruler. For cursing they’d wash my

mouth out with soap. For serious
offenses I’d get sent to the
principal’s office. Only the principal
could give you an official hiding.
You’d have to bend over and he’d
hit your ass with this flat rubber
thing, like the sole of a shoe.
Whenever the principal would
hit me, it was like he was afraid to
do it too hard. One day I was getting
a hiding and I thought, Man, if only
my mom hit me like this, and I
started laughing. I couldn’t help it.
The principal was quite disturbed.
“If you’re laughing while you’re
getting beaten,” he said, “then
something is definitely wrong with

you.”
That was the first of three
times the school made my mom
take me to a psychologist to be
evaluated. Every psychologist who
examined me came back and said,
“There’s nothing wrong with this
kid.” I wasn’t ADD. I wasn’t a
sociopath. I was just creative and
independent and full of energy. The
therapists did give me a series of
tests, and they came to the
conclusion that I was either going
to make an excellent criminal or be
very good at catching criminals,
because I could always find
loopholes in the law. Whenever I

thought a rule wasn’t logical, I’d
find my way around it.
The rules about communion at
Friday mass, for example, made
absolutely no sense. We’d be in
there for an hour of kneeling,
standing, sitting, kneeling, standing,
sitting, kneeling, standing, sitting,
and by the end of it I’d be starving,
but I was never allowed to take
communion, because I wasn’t
Catholic. The other kids could eat
Jesus’s body and drink Jesus’s
blood, but I couldn’t. And Jesus’s
blood was grape juice. I loved grape
juice. Grape juice and crackers—
what more could a kid want? And

they wouldn’t let me have any. I’d
argue with the nuns and the priest
all the time.
“Only Catholics can eat Jesus’s
body and drink Jesus’s blood,
right?”
“Yes.”
“But Jesus wasn’t Catholic.”
“No.”
“Jesus was Jewish.”
“Well, yes.”
“So you’re telling me that if
Jesus walked into your church right
now, Jesus would not be allowed to
have the body and blood of Jesus?”
“Well…uh…um…”

They never had a satisfactory
reply.
One morning before mass I
decided, I’m going to get me some
Jesus blood and Jesus body. I
snuck behind the altar and I drank
the entire bottle of grape juice and I
ate the entire bag of Eucharist to
make up for all the other times that
I couldn’t.
In my mind, I wasn’t breaking
the rules, because the rules didn’t
make any sense. And I got caught
only because they broke their own
rules. Another kid ratted me out in
confession, and the priest turned
me in.

“No, no,” I protested. “You’ve
broken the rules. That’s
confidential information. The priest
isn’t supposed to repeat what you
say in confession.”
They didn’t care. The school
could break whatever rules it
wanted. The principal laid into me.
“What kind of a sick person
would eat all of Jesus’s body and
drink all of Jesus’s blood?”
“A hungry person.”
I got another hiding and a
second trip to the psychologist for
that one. The third visit to the
shrink, and the last straw, came in
grade six. A kid was bullying me. He

said he was going to beat me up,
and I brought one of my knives to
school. I wasn’t going to use it; I
just wanted to have it. The school
didn’t care. That was the last straw
for them. I wasn’t expelled, exactly.
The principal sat me down and said,
“Trevor, we can expel you. You need
to think hard about whether you
really want to be at Maryvale next
year.” I think he thought he was
giving me an ultimatum that would
get me to shape up. But I felt like he
was offering me an out, and I took
it. “No,” I told him, “I don’t want to
be here.” And that was the end of
Catholic school.

Funnily enough, I didn’t get
into trouble with my mom when it
happened. There was no ass-
whooping waiting for me at home.
She’d lost the bursary when she’d
left her job at ICI, and paying for
private school was becoming a
burden. But more than that, she
thought the school was
overreacting. The truth is she
probably took my side against
Maryvale more often than not. She
agreed with me 100 percent about
the Eucharist thing. “Let me get this
straight,” she told the principal.
“You’re punishing a child because
he wants Jesus’s body and Jesus’s

blood? Why shouldn’t he have
those things? Of course he should
have them.” When they made me
see a therapist for laughing while
the principal hit me, she told the
school that was ridiculous, too.
“Ms. Noah, your son was
laughing while we were hitting
him.”
“Well, clearly you don’t know
how to hit a kid. That’s your
problem, not mine. Trevor’s never
laughed when I’ve hit him, I can tell
you.”
That was the weird and kind of
amazing thing about my mom. If
she agreed with me that a rule was

stupid, she wouldn’t punish me for
breaking it. Both she and the
psychologists agreed that the school
was the one with the problem, not
me. Catholic school is not the place
to be creative and independent.
Catholic school is similar to
apartheid in that it’s ruthlessly
authoritarian, and its authority
rests on a bunch of rules that don’t
make any sense. My mother grew
up with these rules and she
questioned them. When they didn’t
hold up, she simply went around
them. The only authority my
mother recognized was God’s. God
is love and the Bible is truth—

everything else was up for debate.
She taught me to challenge
authority and question the system.
The only way it backfired on her
was that I constantly challenged
and questioned her.
—
When I was seven years old, my
mother had been dating her new
boyfriend, Abel, for a year maybe,
but at that point I was too young to
know who they were to each other.
It was just “Hey, that’s mom’s
friend who’s around a lot.” I liked
Abel; he was a really nice guy.
As a black person back then, if

you wanted to live in the suburbs
you’d have to find a white family
renting out their servants’ quarters
or sometimes their garage, which
was what Abel had done. He lived in
a neighborhood called Orange
Grove in a white family’s garage,
which he’d turned into a cottage-
type thing with a hot plate and a
bed. Sometimes he’d come and
sleep at our house, and sometimes
we’d go stay with him. Staying in a
garage when we owned our own
house wasn’t ideal, but Orange
Grove was close to my school and
my mom’s work so it had its
benefits.

This white family also had a
black maid who lived in the
servants’ quarters in the backyard,
and I’d play with her son whenever
we stayed there. At that age my love
of fire was in full bloom. One
afternoon everyone was at work—
my mom and Abel and both of the
white parents—and the kid and I
were playing together while his
mom was inside the house cleaning.
One thing I loved doing at the time
was using a magnifying glass to
burn my name into pieces of wood.
You had to aim the lens and get the
focus just right and then you got
the flame and then you moved it

slowly and you could burn shapes
and letters and patterns. I was
fascinated by it.
That afternoon I was teaching
this kid how to do it. We were
inside the servants’ quarters, which
was really more of a toolshed added
on to the back of the house, full of
wooden ladders, buckets of old
paint, turpentine. I had a box of
matches with me, too—all my usual
fire-making tools. We were sitting
on an old mattress that they used to
sleep on the floor, basically a sack
stuffed with dried straw. The sun
was beaming in through the
window, and I was showing the kid

how to burn his name into a piece
of plywood.
At one point we took a break to
go get a snack. I set the magnifying
glass and the matches on the
mattress and we left. When we
came back a few minutes later we
found the shed had one of those
doors that self-locks from the
inside. We couldn’t get back in
without going to get his mother, so
we decided to run around and play
in the yard. After a while I noticed
smoke coming out of the cracks in
the window frame. I ran over and
looked inside. A small fire was
burning in the middle of the straw

mattress where we’d left the
matches and the magnifying glass.
We ran and called the maid. She
came, but she didn’t know what to
do. The door was locked, and before
we could figure out how to get into
the shed the whole thing caught—
the mattress, the ladders, the paint,
the turpentine, everything.
The flames moved quickly.
Soon the roof was on fire, and from
there the blaze spread to the main
house, and the whole thing burned
and burned and burned. Smoke was
billowing into the sky. A neighbor
had called the fire brigade, and the
sirens were on their way. Me and

this kid and the maid, we ran out to
the road and watched as the
firemen tried to put it out, but by
the time they did, it was too late.
There was nothing left but a
charred brick-and-mortar shell, roof
gone, and gutted from the inside.
The white family came home
and stood on the street, staring at
the ruins of their house. They asked
the maid what happened and she
asked her son and the kid totally
snitched. “Trevor had matches,” he
said. The family said nothing to me.
I don’t think they knew what to say.
They were completely
dumbfounded. They didn’t call the

police, didn’t threaten to sue. What
were they going to do, arrest a
seven-year-old for arson? And we
were so poor you couldn’t actually
sue us for anything. Plus they had
insurance, so that was the end of it.
They kicked Abel out of the
garage, which I thought was
hilarious because the garage, which
was freestanding, was the only
piece of the property left unscathed.
I saw no reason for Abel to have to
leave, but they made him. We
packed up his stuff, put it into our
car, and drove home to Eden Park;
Abel basically lived with us from
then on. He and my mom got into a

huge fight. “Your son has burned
down my life!” But there was no
punishment for me that day. My
mom was too much in shock.
There’s naughty, and then there’s
burning down a white person’s
house. She didn’t know what to do.
I didn’t feel bad about it at all. I
still don’t. The lawyer in me
maintains that I am completely
innocent. There were matches and
there was a magnifying glass and
there was a mattress and then,
clearly, a series of unfortunate
events. Things catch fire
sometimes. That’s why there’s a fire
brigade. But everyone in my family

will tell you, “Trevor burned down a
house.” If people thought I was
naughty before, after the fire I was
notorious. One of my uncles
stopped calling me Trevor. He
called me “Terror” instead. “Don’t
leave that kid alone in your home,”
he’d say. “He’ll burn it to the
ground.”
My cousin Mlungisi, to this
day, cannot comprehend how I
survived being as naughty as I was
for as long as I did, how I withstood
the number of hidings that I got.
Why did I keep misbehaving? How
did I never learn my lesson? Both of
my cousins were supergood kids.

Mlungisi got maybe one hiding in
his life. After that he said he never
wanted to experience anything like
it ever again, and from that day he
always followed the rules. But I was
blessed with another trait I
inherited from my mother: her
ability to forget the pain in life. I
remember the thing that caused the
trauma, but I don’t hold on to the
trauma. I never let the memory of
something painful prevent me from
trying something new. If you think
too much about the ass-kicking
your mom gave you, or the ass-
kicking that life gave you, you’ll
stop pushing the boundaries and

breaking the rules. It’s better to
take it, spend some time crying,
then wake up the next day and
move on. You’ll have a few bruises
and they’ll remind you of what
happened and that’s okay. But after
a while the bruises fade, and they
fade for a reason—because now it’s
time to get up to some shit again.

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

I grew u p in a black family in a
black neigh borh ood in a black
cou ntry. I ’ve traveled to oth er
black cities in black cou ntries all
over th e black continent. And in all
of th at time I ’ve yet to find a place
wh ere black people like cats. One of
th e biggest reasons for th at, as we
know in Sou th Africa, is th at only
witch es h ave cats, and all cats are
witch es.
Th ere was a famou s incident
du ring an Orlando Pirates soccer
match a few years ago. A cat got
into th e stadiu m and ran th rou gh
th e crowd and ou t onto th e pitch in

th e middle of th e game. A secu rity
gu ard, seeing th e cat, did wh at any
sensible black person wou ld do. He
said to h imself, “Th at cat is a
witch .” He cau gh t th e cat and—live
on TV—h e kicked it and stomped it
and beat it to death with a sjambok,
a h ard leath er wh ip.
I t was front-page news all over
th e cou ntry. Wh ite people lost th eir
sh it. Oh my word, it was insane.
Th e secu rity gu ard was arrested
and pu t on trial and fou nd gu ilty of
animal abu se. He h ad to pay some
enormou s fine to avoid spending
several month s in jail. Wh at was
ironic to me was th at wh ite people
h ad spent years seeing video of
black people being beaten to death
by oth er wh ite people, bu t th is one
video of a black man kicking a cat,

th at’s wh at sent th em over th e
edge. Black people were ju st
confu sed. Th ey didn’t see any
problem with wh at th e man did.
Th ey were like, “Obviou sly th at cat
was a witch . How else wou ld a cat
know h ow to get ou t onto a soccer
pitch ? Somebody sent it to jinx one
of th e teams. Th at man h ad to kill
th e cat. He was protecting th e
players.”
I n Sou th Africa, black people
h ave dogs.

FUFI
A month after we moved to Eden
Park, my mother brought home two
cats. Black cats. Beautiful creatures.
Some woman from her work had a
litter of kittens she was trying to get
rid of, and my mom ended up with
two. I was excited because I’d never
had a pet before. My mom was

excited because she loves animals.
She didn’t believe in any nonsense
about cats. It was just another way
in which she was a rebel, refusing
to conform to ideas about what
black people did and didn’t do.
In a black neighborhood, you
wouldn’t dare own a cat, especially
a black cat. That would be like
wearing a sign that said, “Hello, I
am a witch.” That would be suicide.
Since we’d moved to a colored
neighborhood, my mom thought
the cats would be okay. Once they
were grown we let them out during
the day to roam the neighborhood.
Then we came home one evening

and found the cats strung up by
their tails from our front gate,
gutted and skinned and bleeding
out, their heads chopped off. On our
front wall someone had written in
Afrikaans, “Heks”—“Witch.”
Colored people, apparently,
were no more progressive than
black people on the issue of cats.
I wasn’t exactly devastated
about the cats. I don’t think we’d
had them long enough for me to get
attached; I don’t even remember
their names. And cats are dicks for
the most part. As much as I tried
they never felt like real pets. They
never showed me affection nor did

they accept any of mine. Had the
cats made more of an effort, I might
have felt like I had lost something.
But even as a kid, looking at these
dead, mutilated animals, I was like,
“Well, there you have it. Maybe if
they’d been nicer, they could have
avoided this.”
After the cats were killed, we
took a break from pets for a while.
Then we got dogs. Dogs are cool.
Almost every black family I knew
had a dog. No matter how poor you
were, you had a dog. White people
treat dogs like children or members
of the family. Black people’s dogs
are more for protection, a poor-

man’s alarm system. You buy a dog
and you keep it out in the yard.
Black people name dogs by their
traits. If it has stripes, you call it
Tiger. If it’s vicious, you call it
Danger. If it has spots, you call it
Spotty. Given the finite number of
traits a dog can have, pretty much
everyone’s dogs have the same
names; people just recycle them.
We’d never had dogs in Soweto.
Then one day some lady at my
mom’s work offered us two
puppies. They weren’t planned
puppies. This woman’s Maltese
poodle had been impregnated by
the bull terrier from next door, a

strange mix. My mom said she’d
take them both. She brought them
home, and I was the happiest kid on
earth.
My mom named them Fufi and
Panther. Fufi, I don’t know where
her name came from. Panther had a
pink nose, so she was Pink Panther
and eventually just Panther. They
were two sisters who loved and
hated each other. They would look
out for each other, but they would
also fight all the time. Like, blood
fights. Biting. Clawing. It was a
strange, gruesome relationship.
Panther was my mom’s dog;
Fufi was mine. Fufi was beautiful.

Clean lines, happy face. She looked
like a perfect bull terrier, only
skinnier because of the Maltese
mixed in. Panther, who was more
half-and-half, came out weird and
scruffy-looking. Panther was smart.
Fufi was dumb as shit. At least we
always thought she was dumb as
shit. Whenever we called them,
Panther would come right away, but
Fufi wouldn’t do anything. Panther
would run back and get Fufi and
then they’d both come. It turned
out that Fufi was deaf. Years later
Fufi died when a burglar was trying
to break into our house. He pushed
the gate over and it fell on her back

and broke her spine. We took her to
the vet and she had to be put down.
After examining her, the vet came
over and gave us the news.
“It must have been strange for
your family living with a dog that
was deaf,” he said.
“What?”
“You didn’t know your dog was
deaf?”
“No, we thought it was stupid.”
That’s when we realized that
their whole lives the one dog had
been telling the other dog what to
do somehow. The smart, hearing
one was helping the dumb, deaf
one.

Fufi was the love of my life.
Beautiful but stupid. I raised her. I
potty-trained her. She slept in my
bed. A dog is a great thing for a kid
to have. It’s like a bicycle but with
emotions.
Fufi could do all sorts of tricks.
She could jump super high. I mean,
Fufi could jump. I could hold a
piece of food out above my own
head and she’d leap up and grab it
like it was nothing. If YouTube had
been around, Fufi would have been
a star.
Fufi was a little rascal as well.
During the day we kept the dogs in
the backyard, which was enclosed

by a wall at least five feet high.
After a while, every day we’d come
home and Fufi would be sitting
outside the gate, waiting for us. We
were always confused. Was
someone opening the gate? What
was going on? It never occurred to
us that she could actually scale a
five-foot wall, but that was exactly
what was happening. Every
morning, Fufi would wait for us to
leave, jump over the wall, and go
roaming around the neighborhood.
I caught her one day when I
was home for the school holidays.
My mom had left for work and I
was in the living room. Fufi didn’t

know I was there; she thought I was
gone because the car was gone. I
heard Panther barking in the
backyard, looked out, and there was
Fufi, scaling the wall. She’d jumped,
scampered up the last couple of
feet, and then she was gone.
I couldn’t believe this was
happening. I ran out front, grabbed
my bicycle, and followed her to see
where she was going. She went a
long way, many streets over, to
another part of the neighborhood.
Then she went up to this other
house and jumped over their wall
and into their backyard. What the
hell was she doing? I went up to the

gate and rang the doorbell. This
colored kid answered.
“May I help you?” he said.
“Yeah. My dog is in your yard.”
“What?”
“My dog. She’s in your yard.”
Fufi walked up and stood
between us.
“Fufi, come!” I said. “Let’s go!”
This kid looked at Fufi and
called her by some other stupid
name, Spotty or some bullshit like
that.
“Spotty, go back inside the
house.”
“Whoa, whoa,” I said. “Spotty?

That’s Fufi!”
“No, that’s my dog, Spotty.”
“No, that’s Fufi, my friend.”
“No, this is Spotty.”
“How could this be Spotty? She
doesn’t even have spots. You don’t
know what you’re talking about.”
“This is Spotty!”
“Fufi!”
“Spotty!”
“Fufi!”
Of course, since Fufi was deaf
she didn’t respond to “Spotty” or
“Fufi.” She just stood there. I
started cursing the kid out.
“Give me back my dog!”

“I don’t know who you are,” he
said, “but you better get out of
here.”
Then he went into the house
and got his mom and she came out.
“What do you want?” she said.
“That’s my dog!”
“This is our dog. Go away.”
I started crying. “Why are you
stealing my dog?!” I turned to Fufi
and begged her. “Fufi, why are you
doing this to me?! Why, Fufi?!
Why?!” I called to her. I begged her
to come. Fufi was deaf to my pleas.
And everything else.
I jumped onto my bike and

raced home, tears running down my
face. I loved Fufi so much. To see
her with another boy, acting like
she didn’t know me, after I raised
her, after all the nights we spent
together. I was heartbroken.
That evening Fufi didn’t come
home. Because the other family
thought I was coming to steal their
dog, they had decided to lock her
inside, so she couldn’t make it back
the way she normally did to wait for
us outside the fence. My mom got
home from work. I was in tears. I
told her Fufi had been kidnapped.
We went back to the house. My
mom rang the bell and confronted

the mom.
“Look, this is our dog.”
This lady lied to my mom’s
face. “This is not your dog. We
bought this dog.”
“You didn’t buy the dog. It’s
our dog.”
They went back and forth. This
woman wasn’t budging, so we went
home to get evidence: pictures of us
with the dogs, certificates from the
vet. I was crying the whole time,
and my mom was losing her
patience with me. “Stop crying!
We’ll get the dog! Calm down!”
We gathered up our
documentation and went back to

the house. This time we brought
Panther with us, as part of the
proof. My mom showed this lady
the pictures and the information
from the vet. She still wouldn’t give
us Fufi. My mom threatened to call
the police. It turned into a whole
thing. Finally my mom said, “Okay,
I’ll give you a hundred rand.”
“Fine,” the lady said.
My mom gave her some money
and she brought Fufi out. The other
kid, who thought Fufi was Spotty,
had to watch his mother sell the
dog he thought was his. Now he
started crying. “Spotty! No! Mom,
you can’t sell Spotty!” I didn’t care.

I just wanted Fufi back.
Once Fufi saw Panther she
came right away. The dogs left with
us and we walked. I sobbed the
whole way home, still heartbroken.
My mom had no time for my
whining.
“Why are you crying?!”
“Because Fufi loves another
boy.”
“So? Why would that hurt you?
It didn’t cost you anything. Fufi’s
here. She still loves you. She’s still
your dog. So get over it.”
Fufi was my first heartbreak.
No one has ever betrayed me more
than Fufi. It was a valuable lesson

to me. The hard thing was
understanding that Fufi wasn’t
cheating on me with another boy.
She was merely living her life to the
fullest. Until I knew that she was
going out on her own during the
day, her other relationship hadn’t
affected me at all. Fufi had no
malicious intent.
I believed that Fufi was my
dog, but of course that wasn’t true.
Fufi was a dog. I was a boy. We got
along well. She happened to live in
my house. That experience shaped
what I’ve felt about relationships
for the rest of my life: You do not
own the thing that you love. I was

lucky to learn that lesson at such a
young age. I have so many friends
who still, as adults, wrestle with
feelings of betrayal. They’ll come to
me angry and crying and talking
about how they’ve been cheated on
and lied to, and I feel for them. I
understand what they’re going
through. I sit with them and buy
them a drink and I say, “Friend, let
me tell you the story of Fufi.”

W h en I was twenty-fou r years old,
one day ou t of th e blu e my moth er
said to me, “You need to find you r
fath er.”
“Wh y?” I asked. At th at point I
h adn’t seen h im in over ten years
and didn’t th ink I ’d ever see h im
again.
“Becau se h e’s a piece of you ,”
sh e said, “and if you don’t find h im
you won’t find you rself.”
“I don’t need h im for th at,” I
said. “I know wh o I am.”
“I t’s not abou t knowing wh o
you are. I t’s abou t h im knowing
wh o you are, and you knowing wh o

h e is. Too many men grow u p
with ou t th eir fath ers, so th ey
spend th eir lives with a false
impression of wh o th eir fath er is
and wh at a fath er sh ou ld be. You
need to find you r fath er. You need
to sh ow h im wh at you ’ve become.
You need to finish th at story.”

ROBERT
My father is a complete mystery.
There are so many questions about
his life that I still cannot even begin
to answer.
Where’d he grow up?
Somewhere in Switzerland.
Where’d he go to university? I
don’t know if he did.

How’d he end up in South
Africa? I haven’t a clue.
I’ve never met my Swiss
grandparents. I don’t know their
names or anything about them. I do
know my dad has an older sister,
but I’ve never met her, either. I
know that he worked as a chef in
Montreal and New York for a while
before moving to South Africa in
the late 1970s. I know that he
worked for an industrial food-
service company and that he
opened a couple of bars and
restaurants here and there. That’s
about it.
I never called my dad “Dad.” I

never addressed him “Daddy” or
“Father,” either. I couldn’t. I was
instructed not to. If we were out in
public or anywhere people might
overhear us and I called him “Dad,”
someone might have asked
questions or called the police. So for
as long as I can remember I always
called him Robert.
While I know nothing of my
dad’s life before me, thanks to my
mom and just from the time I have
been able to spend with him, I do
have a sense of who he is as a
person. He’s very Swiss, clean and
particular and precise. He’s the only
person I know who checks into a

hotel room and leaves it cleaner
than when he arrived. He doesn’t
like anyone waiting on him. No
servants, no housekeepers. He
cleans up after himself. He likes his
space. He lives in his own world and
does his own everything.
I know that he never married.
He used to say that most people
marry because they want to control
another person, and he never
wanted to be controlled. I know that
he loves traveling, loves
entertaining, having people over.
But at the same time his privacy is
everything to him. Wherever he
lives he’s never listed in the phone

book. I’m sure my parents would
have been caught in their time
together if he hadn’t been as private
as he is. My mom was wild and
impulsive. My father was reserved
and rational. She was fire, he was
ice. They were opposites that
attracted, and I am a mix of them
both.
One thing I do know about my
dad is that he hates racism and
homogeneity more than anything,
and not because of any feelings of
self-righteousness or moral
superiority. He just never
understood how white people could
be racist in South Africa. “Africa is

full of black people,” he would say.
“So why would you come all the
way to Africa if you hate black
people? If you hate black people so
much, why did you move into their
house?” To him it was insane.
Because racism never made
sense to my father, he never
subscribed to any of the rules of
apartheid. In the early eighties,
before I was born, he opened one of
the first integrated restaurants in
Johannesburg, a steakhouse. He
applied for a special license that
allowed businesses to serve both
black and white patrons. These
licenses existed because hotels and

restaurants needed them to serve
black travelers and diplomats from
other countries, who in theory
weren’t subject to the same
restrictions as black South Africans;
black South Africans with money in
turn exploited that loophole to
frequent those hotels and
restaurants.
My dad’s restaurant was an
instant, booming success. Black
people came because there were
few upscale establishments where
they could eat, and they wanted to
come and sit in a nice restaurant
and see what that was like. White
people came because they wanted

to see what it was like to sit with
black people. The white people
would sit and watch the black
people eat, and the black people
would sit and eat and watch the
white people watching them eat.
The curiosity of being together
overwhelmed the animosity
keeping people apart. The place had
a great vibe.
The restaurant closed only
because a few people in the
neighborhood took it upon
themselves to complain. They filed
petitions, and the government
started looking for ways to shut my
dad down. At first the inspectors

came and tried to get him on
cleanliness and health-code
violations. Clearly they had never
heard of the Swiss. That failed
dismally. Then they decided to go
after him by imposing additional
and arbitrary restrictions.
“Since you’ve got the license
you can keep the restaurant open,”
they said, “but you’ll need to have
separate toilets for every racial
category. You’ll need white toilets,
black toilets, colored toilets, and
Indian toilets.”
“But then it will be a whole
restaurant of nothing but toilets.”
“Well, if you don’t want to do

that, your other option is to make it
a normal restaurant and only serve
whites.”
He closed the restaurant.
After apartheid fell, my father
moved from Hillbrow to Yeoville, a
formerly quiet, residential
neighborhood that had transformed
into this vibrant melting pot of
black and white and every other
hue. Immigrants were pouring in
from Nigeria and Ghana and all
over the continent, bringing
different food and exciting music.
Rockey Street was the main strip,
and its sidewalks were filled with
street vendors and restaurants and

bars. It was an explosion of culture.
My dad lived two blocks over
from Rockey, on Yeo Street, right
next to this incredible park where I
loved to go because kids of all races
and different countries were
running around and playing there.
My dad’s house was simple. Nice,
but nothing fancy. I feel like my dad
had enough money to be
comfortable and travel, but he
never spent lavishly on things. He’s
extremely frugal, the kind of guy
who drives the same car for twenty
years.
My father and I lived on a
schedule. I visited him every

Sunday afternoon. Even though
apartheid had ended, my mom had
made her decision: She didn’t want
to get married. So we had our
house, and he had his. I’d made a
deal with my mom that if I went
with her to mixed church and white
church in the morning, after that I’d
get to skip black church and go to
my dad’s, where we’d watch
Formula 1 racing instead of casting
out demons.
I celebrated my birthday with
my dad every year, and we spent
Christmas with him as well. I loved
Christmas with my dad because my
dad celebrated European Christmas.

European Christmas was the best
Christmas ever. My dad went all
out. He had Christmas lights and a
Christmas tree. He had fake snow
and snow globes and stockings
hung by the fireplace and lots of
wrapped presents from Santa Claus.
African Christmas was a lot more
practical. We’d go to church, come
home, have a nice meal with good
meat and lots of custard and jelly.
But there was no tree. You’d get a
present, but it was usually just
clothes, a new outfit. You might get
a toy, but it wasn’t wrapped and it
was never from Santa Claus. The
whole issue of Santa Claus is a

rather contentious one when it
comes to African Christmas, a
matter of pride. When an African
dad buys his kid a present, the last
thing he’s going to do is give some
fat white man credit for it. African
Dad will tell you straight up, “No,
no, no. I bought you that.”
Outside of birthdays and
special occasions, all we had were
our Sunday afternoons. He would
cook for me. He’d ask me what I
wanted, and I’d always request the
exact same meal, a German dish
called Rösti, which is basically a
pancake made out of potatoes and
some sort of meat with a gravy. I’d

have that and a bottle of Sprite, and
for dessert a plastic container of
custard with caramel on top.
A good chunk of those
afternoons would pass in silence.
My dad didn’t talk much. He was
caring and devoted, attentive to
detail, always a card on my
birthday, always my favorite food
and toys when I came for a visit.
But at the same time he was a
closed book. We’d talk about the
food he was making, talk about the
F1 racing we’d watched. Every now
and then he’d drop a tidbit of
information, about a place he’d
visited or his steakhouse. But that

was it. Being with my dad was like
watching a web series. I’d get a few
minutes of information a few
minutes at a time, then I’d have to
wait a week for the next
installment.
—
When I was thirteen my dad moved
to Cape Town, and we lost touch.
We’d been losing touch for a while,
for a couple of reasons. I was a
teenager. I had a whole other world
I was dealing with now. Videogames
and computers meant more to me
than spending time with my
parents. Also, my mom had married

Abel. He was incensed by the idea
of my mom being in contact with
her previous love, and she decided
it was safer for everyone involved
not to test his anger. I went from
seeing my dad every Sunday to
seeing him every other Sunday,
maybe once a month, whenever my
mom could sneak me over, same as
she’d done back in Hillbrow. We’d
gone from living under apartheid to
living under another kind of
tyranny, that of an abusive,
alcoholic man.
At the same time, Yeoville had
started to suffer from white flight,
neglect, general decline. Most of my

dad’s German friends had left for
Cape Town. If he wasn’t seeing me,
he had no reason to stay, so he left.
His leaving wasn’t anything
traumatic, because it never
registered that we might lose touch
and never see each other again. In
my mind it was just Dad’s moving
to Cape Town for a bit. Whatever.
Then he was gone. I stayed
busy living my life, surviving high
school, surviving my early twenties,
becoming a comedian. My career
took off quickly. I got a radio DJ gig
and hosted a kids’ adventure reality
show on television. I was
headlining at clubs all over the

country. But even as my life was
moving forward, the questions
about my dad were always there in
the back of my mind, bubbling up to
the surface now and then. “I
wonder where he is. Does he think
about me? Does he know what I’m
doing? Is he proud of me?” When a
parent is absent, you’re left in the
lurch of not knowing, and it’s so
easy to fill that space with negative
thoughts. “They don’t care.”
“They’re selfish.” My one saving
grace was that my mom never
spoke ill of him. She would always
compliment him. “You’re good with
your money. You get that from your

dad.” “You have your dad’s smile.”
“You’re clean and tidy like your
father.” I never turned to bitterness,
because she made sure I knew his
absence was because of
circumstance and not a lack of love.
She always told me the story of her
coming home from the hospital and
my dad saying, “Where’s my kid? I
want that kid in my life.” She’d say
to me, “Don’t ever forget: He chose
you.” And, ultimately, when I
turned twenty-four, it was my mom
who made me track him down.
Because my father is so private,
finding him was hard work. We
didn’t have an address. He wasn’t in

the phone book. I started by
reaching out to some of his old
connections, German expats in
Johannesburg, a woman who used
to date one of his friends who knew
somebody who knew the last place
he stayed. I got nowhere. Finally my
mom suggested the Swiss embassy.
“They have to know where he is,”
she said, “because he has to be in
touch with them.”
I wrote to the Swiss embassy
asking them where my father was,
but because my father is not on my
birth certificate I had no proof that
my father is my father. The
embassy wrote back and said they

couldn’t give me any information,
because they didn’t know who I
was. I tried calling them, and I got
the runaround there as well. “Look,
kid,” they said. “We can’t help you.
We’re the Swiss embassy. Do you
know nothing about the Swiss?
Discretion is kind of our thing.
That’s what we do. Tough luck.” I
kept pestering them and finally they
said, “Okay, we’ll take your letter
and, if a man such as you’re
describing exists, we might forward
your letter to him. If he doesn’t,
maybe we won’t. Let’s see what
happens.”
A few months later, a letter

came back in the post: “Great to
hear from you. How are you? Love,
Dad.” He gave me his address in
Cape Town, in a neighborhood
called Camps Bay, and a few
months later I went down to visit.
I’ll never forget that day. It was
probably one of the weirdest days of
my life, going to meet a person I
knew and yet did not know at all.
My memories of him felt just out of
reach. I was trying to remember
how he spoke, how he laughed,
what his manner was. I parked on
his street and started looking for his
address. Camps Bay is full of older,
semiretired white people, and as I

walked down the road all these old
white men were walking toward me
and past me. My father was pushing
seventy by that point, and I was so
afraid I’d forgotten what he looked
like. I was looking in the face of
every old white man who passed
me, like, Are you my daddy?
Basically it looked like I was
cruising old white dudes in a
beachfront retirement community.
Then finally I got to the address I’d
been given and rang the bell, and
the second he opened the door I
recognized him. Hey! It’s you, I
thought. Of course it’s you. You’re
the guy. I know you.

We picked up right where we’d
left off, which was him treating me
exactly the way he’d treated me as a
thirteen-year-old boy. Like the
creature of habit he was, my father
went straight back into it. “Right!
So where were we? Here, I’ve got all
your favorites. Potato Rösti. A
bottle of Sprite. Custard with
caramel.” Luckily my tastes hadn’t
matured much since the age of
thirteen, so I tucked right in.
While I was eating he got up
and went and picked up this book,
an oversized photo album, and
brought it back to the table. “I’ve
been following you,” he said, and he

opened it up. It was a scrapbook of
everything I had ever done, every
time my name was mentioned in a
newspaper, everything from
magazine covers to the tiniest club
listings, from the beginning of my
career all the way through to that
week. He was smiling so big as he
took me through it, looking at the
headlines. “Trevor Noah Appearing
This Saturday at the Blues Room.”
“Trevor Noah Hosting New TV
Show.”
I felt a flood of emotions
rushing through me. It was
everything I could do not to start
crying. It felt like this ten-year gap

in my life closed right up in an
instant, like only a day had passed
since I’d last seen him. For years I’d
had so many questions. Is he
thinking about me? Does he know
what I’m doing? Is he proud of me?
But he’d been with me the whole
time. He’d always been proud of
me. Circumstance had pulled us
apart, but he was never not my
father.
I walked out of his house that
day an inch taller. Seeing him had
reaffirmed his choosing of me. He
chose to have me in his life. He
chose to answer my letter. I was
wanted. Being chosen is the

greatest gift you can give to another
human being.
Once we reconnected, I was
overcome by this drive to make up
for all the years we’d missed. I
decided the best way to do it was to
interview him. I realized very
quickly that that was a mistake.
Interviews will give you facts and
information, but facts and
information weren’t really what I
was after. What I wanted was a
relationship, and an interview is not
a relationship. Relationships are
built in the silences. You spend
time with people, you observe them
and interact with them, and you

come to know them—and that is
what apartheid stole from us: time.
You can’t make up for that with an
interview, but I had to figure that
out for myself.
I went down to spend a few
days with my father, and I made it
my mission: This weekend I will get
to know my father. As soon as I
arrived I started peppering him with
questions. “Where are you from?
Where did you go to school? Why
did you do this? How did you do
that?” He started getting visibly
irritated.
“What is this?” he said. “Why
are you interrogating me? What’s

going on here?”
“I want to get to know you.”
“Is this how you normally get
to know people, by interrogating
them?”
“Well…not really.”
“So how do you get to know
people?”
“I dunno. By spending time
with them, I guess.”
“Okay. So spend time with me.
See what you find out.”
So we spent the weekend
together. We had dinner and talked
about politics. We watched F1
racing and talked about sports. We

sat quietly in his backyard and
listened to old Elvis Presley records.
The whole time he said not one
word about himself. Then, as I was
packing up to leave, he walked over
to me and sat down.
“So,” he said, “in the time we’ve
spent together, what would you say
you’ve learned about your dad?”
“Nothing. All I know is that
you’re extremely secretive.”
“You see? You’re getting to
know me already.”

W h en Du tch colonists landed at
th e sou th ern tip of Africa over
th ree h u ndred years ago, th ey
encou ntered an indigenou s people
known as th e Kh oisan. Th e
Kh oisan are th e Native Americans
of Sou th Africa, a lost tribe of
bu sh men, nomadic h u nter-
gath erers distinct from th e darker,
Bantu -speaking peoples wh o later
migrated sou th to become th e Zu lu ,
Xh osa, and Soth o tribes of modern
Sou th Africa. Wh ile settling in Cape
Town and th e su rrou nding
frontier, th e wh ite colonists h ad
th eir way with th e Kh oisan women,

and th e first mixed people of Sou th
Africa were born.
To work th e colonists’ farms,
slaves were soon imported from
different corners of th e Du tch
empire, from West Africa,
Madagascar, and th e East I ndies.
Th e slaves and th e Kh oisan
intermarried, and th e wh ite
colonists continu ed to dip in and
take th eir liberties, and over time
th e Kh oisan all bu t disappeared
from Sou th Africa. Wh ile most were
killed off th rou gh disease, famine,
and war, th e rest of th eir bloodline
was bred ou t of existence, mixed in
with th e descendants of wh ites and
slaves to form an entirely new race
of people: coloreds. Colored people
are a h ybrid, a complete mix. Some
are ligh t and some are dark. Some

h ave Asian featu res, some h ave
wh ite featu res, some h ave black
featu res. I t’s not u ncommon for a
colored man and a colored woman
to h ave a ch ild th at looks noth ing
like eith er parent.
Th e cu rse th at colored people
carry is h aving no clearly defined
h eritage to go back to. I f th ey trace
th eir lineage back far enou gh , at a
certain point it splits into wh ite
and native and a tangled web of
“oth er.” Since th eir native moth ers
are gone, th eir strongest affinity
h as always been with th eir wh ite
fath ers, th e Afrikaners. Most
colored people don’t speak African
langu ages. Th ey speak Afrikaans.
Th eir religion, th eir institu tions,
all of th e th ings th at sh aped th eir
cu ltu re came from Afrikaners.

Th e h istory of colored people in
Sou th Africa is, in th is respect,
worse th an th e h istory of black
people in Sou th Africa. For all th at
black people h ave su ffered, th ey
know wh o th ey are. Colored people
don’t.

THE MULBERRY
TREE
At the end of our street in Eden
Park, right in a bend at the top of
the road, stood a giant mulberry
tree growing out of someone’s front
yard. Every year when it bore fruit
the neighborhood kids would go

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

and pick berries from it, eating as
many as they could and filling up
bags to take home. They would all
play under the tree together. I had
to play under the tree by myself. I
didn’t have any friends in Eden
Park.
I was the anomaly wherever we
lived. In Hillbrow, we lived in a
white area, and nobody looked like
me. In Soweto, we lived in a black
area, and nobody looked like me.
Eden Park was a colored area. In
Eden Park, everyone looked like
me, but we couldn’t have been more
different. It was the biggest
mindfuck I’ve ever experienced.

The animosity I felt from the
colored people I encountered
growing up was one of the hardest
things I’ve ever had to deal with. It
taught me that it is easier to be an
insider as an outsider than to be an
outsider as an insider. If a white
guy chooses to immerse himself in
hip-hop culture and only hang out
with black people, black people will
say, “Cool, white guy. Do what you
need to do.” If a black guy chooses
to button up his blackness to live
among white people and play lots of
golf, white people will say, “Fine. I
like Brian. He’s safe.” But try being
a black person who immerses

himself in white culture while still
living in the black community. Try
being a white person who adopts
the trappings of black culture while
still living in the white community.
You will face more hate and ridicule
and ostracism than you can even
begin to fathom. People are willing
to accept you if they see you as an
outsider trying to assimilate into
their world. But when they see you
as a fellow tribe member
attempting to disavow the tribe,
that is something they will never
forgive. That is what happened to
me in Eden Park.
—

When apartheid came, colored
people defied easy categorization,
so the system used them—quite
brilliantly—to sow confusion,
hatred, and mistrust. For the
purposes of the state, colored
people became the almost-whites.
They were second-class citizens,
denied the rights of white people
but given special privileges that
black people didn’t have, just to
keep them holding out for more.
Afrikaners used to call them
amperbaas: “the almost-boss.” The
almost-master. “You’re almost
there. You’re so close. You’re this
close to being white. Pity your

grandfather couldn’t keep his hands
off the chocolate, eh? But it’s not
your fault you’re colored, so keep
trying. Because if you work hard
enough you can erase this taint
from your bloodline. Keep on
marrying lighter and whiter and
don’t touch the chocolate and
maybe, maybe, someday, if you’re
lucky, you can become white.”
Which seems ridiculous, but it
would happen. Every year under
apartheid, some colored people
would get promoted to white. It
wasn’t a myth; it was real. People
could submit applications to the
government. Your hair might

become straight enough, your skin
might become light enough, your
accent might become polished
enough—and you’d be reclassified
as white. All you had to do was
denounce your people, denounce
your history, and leave your darker-
skinned friends and family behind.
The legal definition of a white
person under apartheid was “one
who in appearance is obviously a
white person who is generally not
accepted as a coloured person; or is
generally accepted as a white
person and is not in appearance
obviously a white person.” It was
completely arbitrary, in other

words. That’s where the
government came up with things
like the pencil test. If you were
applying to be white, the pencil
went into your hair. If it fell out,
you were white. If it stayed in, you
were colored. You were what the
government said you were.
Sometimes that came down to a
lone clerk eyeballing your face and
making a snap decision. Depending
on how high your cheekbones were
or how broad your nose was, he
could tick whatever box made sense
to him, thereby deciding where you
could live, whom you could marry,
what jobs and rights and privileges

you were allowed.
And colored people didn’t just
get promoted to white. Sometimes
colored people became Indian.
Sometimes Indian people became
colored. Sometimes blacks were
promoted to colored, and
sometimes coloreds were demoted
to black. And of course whites could
be demoted to colored as well. That
was key. Those mixed bloodlines
were always lurking, waiting to
peek out, and fear of losing their
status kept white people in line. If
two white parents had a child and
the government decided that child
was too dark, even if both parents

produced documentation proving
they were white, the child could be
classified as colored, and the family
had to make a decision. Do they
give up their white status to go and
live as colored people in a colored
area? Or would they split up, the
mother taking the colored child to
live in the ghetto while the father
stayed white to make a living to
support them?
Many colored people lived in
this limbo, a true purgatory, always
yearning for the white fathers who
disowned them, and they could be
horribly racist to one another as a
result. The most common colored

slur was boesman. “Bushman.”
“Bushie.” Because it called out their
blackness, their primitiveness. The
worst way to insult a colored person
was to infer that they were in some
way black. One of the most sinister
things about apartheid was that it
taught colored people that it was
black people who were holding
them back. Apartheid said that the
only reason colored people couldn’t
have first-class status was because
black people might use coloredness
to sneak past the gates to enjoy the
benefits of whiteness.
That’s what apartheid did: It
convinced every group that it was

because of the other race that they
didn’t get into the club. It’s basically
the bouncer at the door telling you,
“We can’t let you in because of your
friend Darren and his ugly shoes.”
So you look at Darren and say,
“Screw you, Black Darren. You’re
holding me back.” Then when
Darren goes up, the bouncer says,
“No, it’s actually your friend Sizwe
and his weird hair.” So Darren says,
“Screw you, Sizwe,” and now
everyone hates everyone. But the
truth is that none of you were ever
getting into that club.
Colored people had it rough.
Imagine: You’ve been brainwashed

into believing that your blood is
tainted. You’ve spent all your time
assimilating and aspiring to
whiteness. Then, just as you think
you’re closing in on the finish line,
some fucking guy named Nelson
Mandela comes along and flips the
country on its head. Now the finish
line is back where the starting line
was, and the benchmark is black.
Black is in charge. Black is
beautiful. Black is powerful. For
centuries colored people were told:
Blacks are monkeys. Don’t swing
from the trees like them. Learn to
walk upright like the white man.
Then all of a sudden it’s Planet of

the Apes, and the monkeys have
taken over.
—
So you can imagine how weird it
was for me. I was mixed but not
colored—colored by complexion but
not by culture. Because of that I
was seen as a colored person who
didn’t want to be colored.
In Eden Park, I encountered
two types of colored people. Some
colored people hated me because of
my blackness. My hair was curly
and I was proud of my Afro. I spoke
African languages and loved
speaking them. People would hear

me speaking Xhosa or Zulu and
they’d say, “Wat is jy? ’n
Boesman?” “What are you, a
Bushman?” Why are you trying to
be black? Why do you speak that
click-click language? Look at your
light skin. You’re almost there and
you’re throwing it away.
Other colored people hated me
because of my whiteness. Even
though I identified as being black, I
had a white father. I went to an
English private school. I’d learned
to get along with white people at
church. I could speak perfect
English, and I barely spoke
Afrikaans, the language colored

people were supposed to speak. So
colored people thought that I
thought I was better than them.
They would mock my accent, like I
was putting on airs. “Dink jy, jy is
grênd?” “You think you’re high
class?”—uppity, people would say in
America.
Even when I thought I was
liked, I wasn’t. One year I got a
brand-new bike during the summer
holidays. My cousin Mlungisi and I
were taking turns riding around the
block. I was riding up our street
when this cute colored girl came
out to the road and stopped me. She
smiled and waved to me sweetly.

“Hey,” she said, “can I ride your
bike?”
I was completely shocked. Oh,
wow, I thought, I made a friend.
“Yeah, of course,” I said.
I got off and she got on and
rode about twenty or thirty feet.
Some random older kid came
running up to the street, she
stopped and got off, and he climbed
on and rode away. I was so happy
that a girl had spoken to me that it
didn’t fully sink in that they’d
stolen my bicycle. I ran back home,
smiling and skipping along. My
cousin asked where the bicycle was.
I told him.

“Trevor, you’ve been robbed,”
he said. “Why didn’t you chase
them?”
“I thought they were being
nice. I thought I’d made a friend.”
Mlungisi was older, my
protector. He ran off and found the
kids, and thirty minutes later he
came back with my bike.
Things like that happened a lot.
I was bullied all the time. The
incident at the mulberry tree was
probably the worst of them. Late
one afternoon I was playing by
myself like I always did, running
around the neighborhood. This
group of five or six colored boys was

up the street picking berries off the
mulberry tree and eating them. I
went over and started picking some
to take home for myself. The boys
were a few years older than me,
around twelve or thirteen. They
didn’t talk to me, and I didn’t talk to
them. They were speaking to one
another in Afrikaans, and I could
understand what they were saying.
Then one of them, this kid who was
the ringleader of the group, walked
over. “Mag ek jou moerbeie sien?”
“Can I see your mulberries?” My
first thought, again, was, Oh, cool. I
made a friend. I held up my hand
and showed him my mulberries.

Then he knocked them out of my
hand and smushed them into the
ground. The other kids started
laughing. I stood there and looked
at him a moment. By that point I’d
developed thick skin. I was used to
being bullied. I shrugged it off and
went back to picking berries.
Clearly not getting the reaction
he wanted, this kid started cursing
me out. “Fok weg, jou onnosele
Boesman!” “Get the fuck out of
here! Go away, you stupid Bushie!
Bushman!” I ignored him and went
on about my business. Then I felt a
splat! on the back of my head. He’d
hit me with a mulberry. It wasn’t

painful, just startling. I turned to
look at him and, splat!, he hit me
again, right in my face.
Then, in a split second, before I
could even react, all of these kids
started pelting me with berries,
pelting the shit out of me. Some of
the berries weren’t ripe, and they
stung like rocks. I tried to cover my
face with my hands, but there was a
barrage coming at me from all
sides. They were laughing and
pelting me and calling me names.
“Bushie! Bushman!” I was terrified.
Just the suddenness of it, I didn’t
know what to do. I started crying,
and I ran. I ran for my life, all the

way back down the road to our
house.
When I ran inside I looked like
I’d been beaten to a pulp because I
was bawling my eyes out and was
covered in red-purple berry juice.
My mother looked at me, horrified.
“What happened?”
In between sobs I told her the
story. “These kids…the mulberry
tree…they threw berries at me…”
When I finished, she burst out
laughing. “It’s not funny!” I said.
“No, no, Trevor,” she said. “I’m
not laughing because it’s funny. I’m
laughing out of relief. I thought
you’d been beaten up. I thought this

was blood. I’m laughing because it’s
only berry juice.”
My mom thought everything
was funny. There was no subject
too dark or too painful for her to
tackle with humor. “Look on the
bright side,” she said, laughing and
pointing to the half of me covered
in dark berry juice. “Now you really
are half black and half white.”
“It’s not funny!”
“Trevor, you’re okay,” she said.
“Go and wash up. You’re not hurt.
You’re hurt emotionally. But you’re
not hurt.”
Half an hour later, Abel showed
up. At that point Abel was still my

mom’s boyfriend. He wasn’t trying
to be my father or even a stepfather,
really. He was more like a big
brother than anything. He’d joke
around with me, have fun. I didn’t
know him that well, but one thing I
did know about him was that he
had a temper. Very charming when
he wanted to be, incredibly funny,
but fuck he could be mean. He’d
grown up in the homelands, where
you had to fight to survive. Abel was
big, too, around six-foot-three, long
and lean. He hadn’t hit my mom
yet. He hadn’t hit me yet, either.
But I knew he was dangerous. I’d
seen it. Someone would cut us off

in traffic. Abel would yell out the
window. The other guy would honk
and yell back. In a flash Abel would
be out of our car, over to theirs,
grabbing the guy through the
driver’s-side window, screaming in
his face, raising a fist. You’d see the
other guy panic. “Whoa, whoa,
whoa. I’m sorry, I’m sorry.”
When Abel walked in that
night, he sat down on the couch and
saw that I’d been crying.
“What happened?” he said.
I started to explain. My mother
cut me off. “Don’t tell him,” she
said. She knew what would happen.
She knew better than me.

“Don’t tell me what?” Abel said.
“It’s nothing,” she said.
“It’s not nothing,” I said.
She glared at me. “Don’t tell
him.”
Abel was getting frustrated.
“What? Don’t tell me what?”
He’d been drinking; he never
came home from work sober, and
the drinking always made his
temper worse. It was strange, but in
that moment I realized that if I said
the right things I could get him to
step in and do something. We were
almost family, and I knew if I made
him feel like his family had been
insulted, he’d help me get back at

the boys. I knew he had a demon
inside him, and I hated that; it
terrified me how violent and
dangerous he was when he
snapped. But in that moment I
knew exactly what I had to say to
get the monster on my side.
I told him the story, the names
they called me, the way they
attacked me. My mother kept
laughing it off, telling me to get
over it, that it was kids being kids,
no big deal. She was trying to
defuse the situation, but I couldn’t
see that. I was just mad at her. “You
think it’s a joke, but it’s not funny!
It’s not funny!”

Abel wasn’t laughing. As I told
him what the bullies had done, I
could see the anger building up
inside him. With Abel’s anger, there
was no ranting and raving, no
clenched fists. He sat there on the
couch listening to me, not saying a
word. Then, very calm and
deliberate, he stood up.
“Take me to these boys,” he
said.
Yes, I thought, this is it. Big
brother is going to get my revenge
for me.
We got into his car and drove
up the road, stopping a few houses
down from the tree. It was dark

now except for the light from the
streetlamps, but we could see the
boys were still there, playing under
the tree. I pointed to the ringleader.
“That one. He was the main one.”
Abel slammed his foot on the gas
and shot up onto the grass and
straight toward the bottom of the
tree. He jumped out. I jumped out.
As soon as the kids saw me they
knew exactly what was happening.
They scattered and ran like hell.
Abel was quick. Good Lord, he
was fast. The ringleader had made a
dash for it and was trying to climb
over a wall. Abel grabbed him,
pulled him down, and dragged him

back. Then he stripped a branch off
the tree, a switch, and started
whipping him. He whipped the shit
out of him, and I loved it. I have
never enjoyed anything as much as
I enjoyed that moment. Revenge
truly is sweet. It takes you to a dark
place, but, man, it satisfies a thirst.
Then there was the strangest
moment where it flipped. I caught a
glimpse of the look of terror in the
boy’s face, and I realized that Abel
had gone past getting revenge for
me. He wasn’t doing this to teach
the kid a lesson. He was just
beating him. He was a grown man
venting his rage on a twelve-year-

old boy. In an instant I went from
Yes, I got my revenge to No, no, no.
Too much. Too much. Oh shit. Oh
shit. Oh shit. Dear God, what have
I done?
Once this kid was beat to shit,
Abel dragged him over to the car
and held him up in front of me.
“Say you’re sorry.” The kid was
whimpering, trembling. He looked
me in the eye, and I had never seen
fear in someone’s eyes like I saw in
his. He’d been beaten by a stranger
in a way I don’t think he’d ever
been beaten before. He said he was
sorry, but it was like his apology
wasn’t for what he’d done to me. It

was like he was sorry for every bad
thing he’d ever done in his life,
because he didn’t know there could
be a punishment like this.
Looking in that boy’s eyes, I
realized how much he and I had in
common. He was a kid. I was a kid.
He was crying. I was crying. He was
a colored boy in South Africa,
taught how to hate and how to hate
himself. Who had bullied him that
he needed to bully me? He’d made
me feel fear, and to get my revenge
I’d unleashed my own hell on his
world. But I knew I’d done a terrible
thing.
Once the kid apologized, Abel

shoved him away and kicked him.
“Go.” The kid ran off, and we drove
back to the house in silence. At
home Abel and my mom got in a
huge fight. She was always on him
about his temper. “You can’t go
around hitting other people’s
children! You’re not the law! This
anger, this is no way to live!”
A couple of hours later this
kid’s dad drove over to our house to
confront Abel. Abel went out to the
gate, and I watched from inside the
house. By that point Abel was truly
drunk. This kid’s dad had no idea
what he was walking into. He was
some mild-mannered, middle-aged

guy. I don’t remember much about
him, because I was watching Abel
the whole time. I never took my
eyes off him. I knew that’s where
the danger was.
Abel didn’t have a gun yet; he
bought that later. But Abel didn’t
need a gun to put the fear of God in
you. I watched as he got right in
this guy’s face. I couldn’t hear what
the other man was saying, but I
heard Abel. “Don’t fuck with me. I
will kill you.” The guy turned
quickly and got back in his car and
drove away. He thought he was
coming to defend the honor of his
family. He left happy to escape with

his life.

W h en I was growing u p, my mom
spent a lot of time trying to teach
me abou t women. Sh e was always
giving me lessons, little talks, pieces
of advice. I t was never a fu ll-blown,
sit-down lectu re abou t
relationsh ips. I t was more like
tidbits along th e way. And I never
u nderstood wh y, becau se I was a
kid. Th e only women in my life were
my mom and my grandmoth er and
my au nt and my cou sin. I h ad no
love interest wh atsoever, yet my
mom insisted. Sh e wou ld go off on a
wh ole range of th ings.
“Trevor, remember a man is not

determined by h ow mu ch h e earns.
You can still be th e man of th e
h ou se and earn less th an you r
woman. Being a man is not wh at
you h ave, it’s wh o you are. Being
more of a man doesn’t mean you r
woman h as to be less th an you .”
“Trevor, make su re you r
woman is th e woman in you r life.
Don’t be one of th ese men wh o
makes h is wife compete with h is
moth er. A man with a wife cannot
be beh olden to h is moth er.”
Th e smallest th ing cou ld
prompt h er. I ’d walk th rou gh th e
h ou se on th e way to my room and
say, “Hey, Mom” with ou t glancing
u p. Sh e’d say, “No, Trevor! You
look at me. You acknowledge me.
Sh ow me th at I exist to you ,
becau se th e way you treat me is th e

way you will treat you r woman.
Women like to be noticed. Come
and acknowledge me and let me
know th at you see me. Don’t ju st
see me wh en you need someth ing.”
Th ese little lessons were always
abou t grown-u p relationsh ips,
fu nnily enou gh . Sh e was so
preoccu pied with teach ing me h ow
to be a man th at sh e never tau gh t
me h ow to be a boy. How to talk to a
girl or pass a girl a note in class—
th ere was none of th at. Sh e only
told me abou t adu lt th ings. Sh e
wou ld even lectu re me abou t sex.
As I was a kid, th at wou ld get very
awkward.
“Trevor, don’t forget: You ’re
h aving sex with a woman in h er
mind before you ’re h aving sex with
h er in h er vagina.”

“Trevor, foreplay begins du ring
th e day. I t doesn’t begin in th e
bedroom.”
I ’d be like, “Wh at? Wh at is
foreplay? Wh at does th at even
mean?”

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A YOUNG MAN’S
LONG, AW KWARD,
OCCASIONALLY
TRAGIC, AND
FREQUENTLY
HUMILIATING
EDUCATION IN
AFFAIRS OF THE
HEART, PART I:
VALENTINE’S DAY

It was my first year at H. A. Jack,
the primary school I transferred to
after leaving Maryvale. Valentine’s
Day was approaching fast. I was
twelve years old, and I’d never done
Valentine’s Day before. We didn’t
celebrate it in Catholic school. I
understood Valentine’s Day, as a
concept. The naked baby shoots you
with an arrow and you fall in love. I
got that part. But this was my first
time being introduced to it as an
activity. At H. A. Jack, Valentine’s
Day was used as a fundraiser.
Pupils were going around selling
flowers and cards, and I had to go
ask a friend what was happening.

“What is this?” I said. “What
are we doing?”
“Oh, you know,” she said, “it’s
Valentine’s Day. You pick a special
person and you tell them that you
love them, and they love you back.”
Wow, I thought, that seems
intense. But I hadn’t been shot by
Cupid’s arrow, and I didn’t know of
anyone getting shot on my behalf. I
had no clue what was going on. All
week, the girls in school kept
saying, “Who’s your valentine?
Who’s your valentine?” I didn’t
know what I was supposed to do.
Finally one of the girls, a white girl,
said, “You should ask Maylene.”

The other kids agreed. “Yes,
Maylene. You should definitely ask
Maylene. You have to ask Maylene.
You guys are perfect for each other.”
Maylene was a girl I used to
walk home from school with. We
lived in the city now, me, my mom
and Abel, who was now my
stepfather, and my new baby
brother, Andrew. We’d sold our
house in Eden Park to invest in
Abel’s new garage. Then that fell
apart, and we ended up moving to a
neighborhood called Highlands
North, a thirty-minute walk from H.
A. Jack. A group of us would leave
school together every afternoon,

each kid peeling off and going their
separate way when we reached their
house. Maylene and I lived the
farthest, so we’d always be the last
two. We’d walk together until we
got where we needed to go, and
then we’d part ways.
Maylene was cool. She was
good at tennis, smart, cute. I liked
her. I didn’t have a crush on her; I
wasn’t even thinking about girls
that way yet. I just liked hanging
out with her. Maylene was also the
only colored girl in school. I was the
only mixed kid in school. We were
the only two people who looked like
each other. The white girls were

insistent about me asking Maylene
to be my valentine. They were like,
“Trevor, you have to ask her. You’re
the only two. It’s your
responsibility.” It was like our
species was going to die out if we
didn’t mate and carry on. Which
I’ve learned in life is something that
white people do without even
realizing it. “You two look the same,
therefore we must arrange for you
to have sex.”
I honestly hadn’t thought of
asking Maylene, but when the girls
brought it up, that thing happened
where someone plants the idea in
your head and it changes your

perception.
“Maylene’s totally got a thing
for you.”
“Does she?”
“Yeah, you guys are great
together!”
“Are we?”
“Totally.”
“Well, okay. If you say so.”
I liked Maylene as much as I
liked anyone, I suppose. Mostly I
think I liked the idea of being liked.
I decided I’d ask her to be my
valentine, but I had no idea how to
do it. I didn’t know the first thing
about having a girlfriend. I had to

be taught the whole love
bureaucracy of the school. There
was the thing where you don’t
actually talk straight to the person.
You have your group of friends and
she has her group of friends, and
your group of friends has to go to
her group of friends and say, “Okay,
Trevor likes Maylene. He wants her
to be his valentine. We’re in favor.
We’re ready to sign off with your
approval.” Her friends say, “Okay.
Sounds good. We have to run it by
Maylene.” They go to Maylene.
They consult. They tell her what
they think. “Trevor says he likes
you. We’re in favor. We think you’d

be good together. What do you
say?” Maylene says, “I like Trevor.”
They say, “Okay. Let’s move
forward.” They come back to us.
“Maylene says she approves and
she’s waiting for Trevor’s
Valentine’s Day advance.”
The girls told me this process
was what needed to happen. I said,
“Cool. Let’s do it.” The friends
sorted it out, Maylene got on board,
and I was all set.
The week before Valentine’s,
Maylene and I were walking home
together, and I was trying to get up
the courage to ask her. I was so
nervous. I’d never done anything

like it. I already knew the answer;
her friends had told me she’d say
yes. It’s like being in Congress. You
know you have the votes before you
go to the floor, but it’s still difficult
because anything could happen. I
didn’t know how to do it, all I knew
was I wanted it to be perfect, so I
waited until we were standing
outside McDonald’s. Then I
mustered up all of my courage and
turned to her.
“Hey, Valentine’s Day is
coming up, and I was wondering,
would you be my valentine?”
“Yes. I’ll be your valentine.”
And then, under the golden

arches, we kissed. It was my first
time ever kissing a girl. It was just a
peck, our lips touched for only a few
seconds, but it set off explosions in
my head. Yes! Oh, yes. This. I don’t
know what this is, but I like it.
Something had awakened. And it
was right outside McDonald’s, so it
was extra special.
Now I was truly excited. I had a
valentine. I had a girlfriend. I spent
the whole week thinking about
Maylene, wanting to make her
Valentine’s Day as memorable as I
could. I saved up my pocket money
and bought her flowers and a teddy
bear and a card. I wrote a poem

with her name in the card, which
was really hard because there aren’t
many good words that rhyme with
Maylene. (Machine? Ravine?
Sardine?) Then the big day came. I
got my Valentine’s card and the
flowers and the teddy bear and got
them ready and took them to
school. I was the happiest boy on
earth.
The teachers had set aside a
period before recess for everyone to
exchange valentines. There was a
corridor outside our classrooms
where I knew Maylene would be,
and I waited for her there. All
around me, love was in bloom. Boys

and girls exchanging cards and gifts,
laughing and giggling and stealing
kisses. I waited and waited. Finally
Maylene showed up and walked
over to me. I was about to say
“Happy Valentine’s Day!” when she
stopped me and said, “Oh, hi,
Trevor. Um, listen, I can’t be your
girlfriend anymore. Lorenzo asked
me to be his valentine and I can’t
have two valentines, so I’m his
girlfriend now and not yours.”
She said it so matter-of-factly
that I had no idea how to process it.
This was my first time having a
girlfriend, so at first I thought, Huh,
maybe this is just how it goes.

“Oh, okay,” I said. “Well, um…
happy Valentine’s Day.”
I held out the card and the
flowers and the teddy bear. She
took them and said thanks, and she
was gone.
I felt like someone had taken a
gun and shot holes in every part of
me. But at the same time some part
of me said, “Well, this makes
sense.” Lorenzo was everything I
wasn’t. He was popular. He was
white. He’d upset the balance of
everything by asking out the only
colored girl in school. Girls loved
him, and he was dumb as rocks. A
nice guy, but kind of a bad boy.

Girls did his homework for him; he
was that guy. He was really good-
looking, too. It was like when he
was creating his character he traded
in all his intelligence points for
beauty points. I stood no chance.
As devastated as I was, I
understood why Maylene made the
choice that she did. I would have
picked Lorenzo over me, too. All the
other kids were running up and
down the corridors and out on the
playground, laughing and smiling
with their red and pink cards and
flowers, and I went back to the
classroom and sat by myself and
waited for the bell to ring.

P etrol for th e car, like food, was an
expense we cou ld not avoid, bu t my
mom cou ld get more mileage ou t of
a tank of petrol th an any h u man
wh o h as ever been on a road in th e
h istory of au tomobiles. Sh e knew
every trick. Driving arou nd
Joh annesbu rg in ou r ru sty old
Volkswagen, every time sh e
stopped in traffic, sh e’d tu rn off
th e car. Th en th e traffic wou ld start
and sh e’d tu rn th e car on again.
Th at stop-start tech nology th at
th ey u se in h ybrid cars now? Th at
was my mom. Sh e was a h ybrid car
before h ybrid cars came ou t. Sh e

was th e master of coasting. Sh e
knew every downh ill between work
and sch ool, between sch ool and
h ome. Sh e knew exactly wh ere th e
gradient sh ifted to pu t it into
neu tral. Sh e cou ld time th e traffic
ligh ts so we cou ld coast th rou gh
intersections with ou t u sing th e
brakes or losing momentu m.
Th ere were times wh en we
wou ld be in traffic and we h ad so
little money for petrol th at I wou ld
h ave to pu sh th e car. I f we were
stu ck in gridlock, my mom wou ld
tu rn th e car off and it was my job to
get ou t and pu sh it forward six
inch es at a time. People wou ld
pitch u p and offer to h elp.
“Are you stu ck?”
“Nope. We’re fine.”

“You su re?”
“Yep.”
“Can we h elp you ?”
“Nope.”
“Do you need a tow?”
And wh at do you say? Th e
tru th ? “Th anks, bu t we’re ju st so
poor my mom makes h er kid pu sh
th e car”?
Th at was some of th e most
embarrassing sh it in my life,
pu sh ing th e car to sch ool like th e
fu cking Flintstones. Becau se th e
oth er kids were coming in on th at
same road to go to sch ool. I ’d take
my blazer off so th at no one cou ld
tell wh at sch ool I went to, and I
wou ld bu ry my h ead and pu sh th e
car, h oping no one wou ld recognize
me.

OUTSIDER
After finishing primary school at H.
A. Jack, I started grade eight at
Sandringham High School. Even
after apartheid, most black people
still lived in the townships and the
areas formerly designated as
homelands, where the only
available government schools were

the broken remnants of the Bantu
system. Wealthy white kids—along
with the few black people and
colored people and Indians who had
money or could get scholarships—
were holed up in private schools,
which were super-expensive but
virtually guaranteed entry into
university. Sandringham was what
we call a Model C school, which
meant it was a mix of government
and private, similar to charter
schools in America. The place was
huge, a thousand kids on sprawling
grounds with tennis courts, sports
fields, and a swimming pool.
Being a Model C school and not

a government school, Sandringham
drew kids from all over, making it a
near-perfect microcosm of post-
apartheid South Africa as a whole—
a perfect example of what South
Africa has the potential to be. We
had rich white kids, a bunch of
middle-class white kids, and some
working-class white kids. We had
black kids who were newly rich,
black kids who were middle-class,
and black kids from the townships.
We had colored kids and Indian
kids, and even a handful of Chinese
kids, too. The pupils were as
integrated as they could be given
that apartheid had just ended. At H.

A. Jack, race was broken up into
blocks. Sandringham was more like
a spectrum.
South African schools don’t
have cafeterias. At Sandringham
we’d buy our lunch at what we call
the tuck shop, a little canteen, and
then have free rein to go wherever
we wanted on the school grounds to
eat—the quad, the courtyard, the
playground, wherever. Kids would
break off and cluster into their
cliques and groups. People were
still grouped by color in most cases,
but you could see how they all
blended and shaded into one
another. The kids who played soccer

were mostly black. The kids who
played tennis were mostly white.
The kids who played cricket were a
mix. The Chinese kids would hang
out next to the prefab buildings.
The matrics, what South Africans
call seniors, would hang out on the
quad. The popular, pretty girls
would hang out over here, and
computer geeks would hang out
over there. To the extent that the
groupings were racial, it was
because of the ways race overlapped
class and geography out in the real
world. Suburban kids hung out with
suburban kids. Township kids hung
out with township kids.

At break, as the only mixed kid
out of a thousand, I faced the same
predicament I had on the
playground at H. A. Jack: Where
was I supposed to go? Even with so
many different groups to choose
from, I wasn’t a natural constituent
of any particular one. I obviously
wasn’t Indian or Chinese. The
colored kids would shit on me all
the time for being too black. So I
wasn’t welcome there. As always, I
was adept enough with white kids
not to get bullied by them, but the
white kids were always going
shopping, going to the movies,
going on trips—things that required

money. We didn’t have any money,
so I was out of the mix there, too.
The group I felt the most affinity
for was the poor black kids. I hung
out with them and got along with
them, but most of them took
minibuses to school from way out
in the townships, from Soweto,
from Tembisa, from Alexandra.
They rode to school as friends and
went home as friends. They had
their own groups. Weekends and
school holidays, they were hanging
out with one another and I couldn’t
visit. Soweto was a forty-minute
drive from my house. We didn’t
have money for petrol. After school

I was on my own. Weekends I was
on my own. Ever the outsider, I
created my own strange little world.
I did it out of necessity. I needed a
way to fit in. I also needed money, a
way to buy the same snacks and do
the things that the other kids were
doing. Which is how I became the
tuck-shop guy.
Thanks to my long walk to
school, I was late every single day.
I’d have to stop off in the prefect’s
office to write my name down for
detention. I was the patron saint of
detention. Already late, I’d run to
join my morning classes—math,
English, biology, whatever. The last

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

period before break was assembly.
The pupils would come together in
the assembly hall, each grade seated
row by row, and the teachers and
the prefects would get up onstage
and go over the business of what
was happening in the school—
announcements, awards, that sort
of thing. The names of the kids with
detention were announced at every
assembly, and I was always one of
them. Always. Every single day. It
was a running joke. The prefect
would say, “Detentions for today…”
and I would stand up automatically.
It was like the Oscars and I was
Meryl Streep. There was one time I

stood up and then the prefect
named the five people and I wasn’t
one of them. Everyone burst out
laughing. Somebody yelled out,
“Where’s Trevor?!” The prefect
looked at the paper and shook his
head. “Nope.” The entire hall
erupted with cheers and applause.
“Yay!!!!”
Then, immediately after
assembly, there would be a race to
the tuck shop because the queue to
buy food was so long. Every minute
you spent in the queue was working
against your break time. The sooner
you got your food, the longer you
had to eat, play a game of soccer, or

hang out. Also, if you got there late,
the best food was gone.
Two things were true about me
at that age. One, I was still the
fastest kid in school. And two, I had
no pride. The second we were
dismissed from assembly I would
run like a bat out of hell to the tuck
shop so I could be the first one
there. I was always first in line. I
became notorious for being that
guy, so much so that people started
coming up to me in line. “Hey, can
you buy this for me?” Which would
piss off the kids behind me because
it was basically cutting the line. So
people started approaching me

during assembly. They’d say, “Hey,
I’ve got ten rand. If you buy my
food for me, I’ll give you two.”
That’s when I learned: time is
money. I realized people would pay
me to buy their food because I was
willing to run for it. I started telling
everyone at assembly, “Place your
orders. Give me a list of what you
want, give me a percentage of what
you’re going to spend, and I’ll buy
your food for you.”
I was an overnight success. Fat
guys were my number-one
customers. They loved food, but
couldn’t run. I had all these rich, fat
white kids who were like, “This is

fantastic! My parents spoil me, I’ve
got money, and now I’ve got a way I
can get food without having to work
for it—and I still get my break.” I
had so many customers I was
turning kids away. I had a rule: I
would take five orders a day, high
bidders only. I’d make so much that
I could buy my lunch using other
kids’ money and keep the lunch
money my mom gave me for pocket
cash. Then I could afford to catch a
bus home instead of walking or
save up to buy whatever. Every day
I’d take orders, assembly would
end, and I’d make my mad dash and
buy everybody’s hot dogs and Cokes

and muffins. If you paid me extra
you could even tell me where you’d
be and I’d deliver it to you.
I’d found my niche. Since I
belonged to no group I learned to
move seamlessly between groups. I
floated. I was a chameleon, still, a
cultural chameleon. I learned how
to blend. I could play sports with
the jocks. I could talk computers
with the nerds. I could jump in the
circle and dance with the township
kids. I popped around to everyone,
working, chatting, telling jokes,
making deliveries.
I was like a weed dealer, but of
food. The weed guy is always

welcome at the party. He’s not a
part of the circle, but he’s invited
into the circle temporarily because
of what he can offer. That’s who I
was. Always an outsider. As the
outsider, you can retreat into a
shell, be anonymous, be invisible.
Or you can go the other way. You
protect yourself by opening up. You
don’t ask to be accepted for
everything you are, just the one part
of yourself that you’re willing to
share. For me it was humor. I
learned that even though I didn’t
belong to one group, I could be a
part of any group that was laughing.
I’d drop in, pass out the snacks, tell

a few jokes. I’d perform for them.
I’d catch a bit of their conversation,
learn more about their group, and
then leave. I never overstayed my
welcome. I wasn’t popular, but I
wasn’t an outcast. I was everywhere
with everybody, and at the same
time I was all by myself.

I don’t regret anyth ing I ’ve ever
done in life, any ch oice th at I ’ve
made. Bu t I ’m consu med with
regret for th e th ings I didn’t do, th e
ch oices I didn’t make, th e th ings I
didn’t say. We spend so mu ch time
being afraid of failu re, afraid of
rejection. Bu t regret is th e th ing we
sh ou ld fear most. Failu re is an
answer. Rejection is an answer.
Regret is an eternal qu estion you
will never h ave th e answer to.
“Wh at if…” “I f only…” “I wonder
wh at wou ld h ave…” You will never,
never know, and it will h au nt you
for th e rest of you r days.

A YOUNG MAN’S
LONG, AW KWARD,
OCCASIONALLY
TRAGIC, AND
FREQUENTLY
HUMILIATING
EDUCATION IN
AFFAIRS OF THE
HEART, PART II: THE
CRUSH

In high school, the attention of girls
was not an affliction I suffered
from. I wasn’t the hot guy in class. I
wasn’t even the cute guy in class. I
was ugly. Puberty was not kind to
me. My acne was so bad that people
used to ask what was wrong with
me, like I’d had an allergic reaction
to something. It was the kind of
acne that qualifies as a medical
condition. Acne vulgaris, the doctor
called it. We’re not talking about
pimples, kids. We’re talking
pustules—big, pus-filled blackheads
and whiteheads. They started on my
forehead, spread down the sides of
my face, and covered my cheeks and

neck and ravaged me everywhere.
Being poor didn’t help. Not
only could I not afford a decent
haircut, leaving me with a huge,
unruly Afro, but my mother also
used to get angry at the fact that I
grew out of my school uniforms too
fast, so to save money she started
buying my clothes three sizes too
big. My blazer was too long and my
pants were too baggy and my shoes
flopped around. I was a clown. And
of course, Murphy’s Law, the year
my mom started buying my clothes
too big was the year that I stopped
growing. So now I was never going
to grow into my clown clothes and I

was stuck being a clown. The only
thing I had going for me was the
fact that I was tall, but even there I
was gangly and awkward-looking.
Duck feet. High ass. Nothing
worked.
After suffering my Valentine’s
Day heartbreak at the hands of
Maylene and the handsome,
charming Lorenzo, I learned a
valuable lesson about dating. What
I learned was that cool guys get
girls, and funny guys get to hang
out with the cool guys with their
girls. I was not a cool guy; therefore
I did not have girls. I understood
that formula very quickly and I

knew my place. I didn’t ask girls
out. I didn’t have a girlfriend. I
didn’t even try.
For me to try to get a girl would
have upset the natural order of
things. Part of my success as the
tuck-shop guy was that I was
welcome everywhere, and I was
welcome everywhere because I was
nobody. I was the acne-ridden
clown with duck feet in floppy
shoes. I wasn’t a threat to the guys.
I wasn’t a threat to the girls. The
minute I became somebody, I
risked no longer being welcomed as
nobody. The pretty girls were
already spoken for. The popular

guys had staked their claim. They
would say, “I like Zuleika,” and you
knew that meant if you tried
anything with Zuleika there’d be a
fight. In the interest of survival, the
smart move was to stay on the
fringe, stay out of trouble.
At Sandringham, the only time
girls in class looked at me was when
they wanted me to pass a letter to
the hot guy in class. But there was
one girl I knew named Johanna.
Johanna and I had been at the same
school intermittently our whole
lives. We were in preschool at
Maryvale together. Then she left
and went to another school. Then

we were in primary school at H. A.
Jack together. Then she left and
went to another school. Then finally
we were at Sandringham together.
Because of that we became friends.
Johanna was one of the
popular girls. Her best friend was
Zaheera. Johanna was beautiful.
Zaheera was stunning. Zaheera was
colored, Cape Malay. She looked
like Salma Hayek. Johanna was out
and about and kissing boys, so the
guys were all into her. Zaheera, as
beautiful as she was, was extremely
shy, so there weren’t as many guys
after her.
Johanna and Zaheera were

always together. They were one
grade below me, but in terms of
popularity they were three grades
above me. Still I got to hang out
with them because I knew Johanna
and we had this thing from being in
different schools together. Dating
girls may have been out of the
question for me, but talking to
them was not, because I could make
them laugh. Human beings like to
laugh, and lucky for me pretty girls
are human beings. So I could relate
to them in that way, but never in
the other way. I knew this because
whenever they stopped laughing at
my jokes and stories they’d say, “So

how do you think I can get Daniel
to ask me out?” I always had a clear
idea of where I stood.
Outwardly, I had carefully
cultivated my status as the funny,
nonthreatening guy, but secretly I
had the hugest crush on Zaheera.
She was so pretty and so funny.
We’d hang out and have great
conversations. I thought about her
constantly, but for the life of me I
never considered myself worthy of
dating her. I told myself, I’m going
to have a crush on her forever, and
that’s all that’s ever going to
happen.
At a certain point I decided to

map out a strategy. I decided I’d be
best friends with Zaheera and stay
friends with her long enough to ask
her to the matric dance, what we
call our senior prom. Mind you, we
were in grade nine at this point. The
matric dance was three years away.
But I decided to play the long game.
I was like, Yep, just gonna take my
time. Because that’s what happens
in the movies, right? I’d seen my
American high school movies. You
hang around long enough as the
friendly good guy and the girl dates
a bunch of handsome jerks, and
then one day she turns around and
goes, “Oh, it’s you. It was always

you. You’re the guy I was supposed
to be with all along.”
That was my plan. It was
foolproof.
I hung out with Zaheera every
chance I got. We’d talk about boys,
which ones she liked and which
ones liked her. I’d give her advice.
At one point she got set up with this
guy Gary. They started dating. Gary
was in the popular group but kind
of shy and Zaheera was in the
popular group but kind of shy, so
his friends and her friends set them
up together, like an arranged
marriage. But Zaheera didn’t like
Gary at all. She told me. We talked

about everything.
One day, I don’t know how, but
I plucked up the courage to ask
Zaheera for her phone number,
which was a big deal back then
because it wasn’t like cellphone
numbers where everybody has
everyone’s number for texting and
everything. This was the landline.
To her house. Where her parents
might answer. We were talking one
afternoon at school and I asked,
“Can I get your phone number?
Maybe I can call you and we can
talk at home sometime.” She said
yes, and my mind exploded.
What???!!!! A girl is giving me her

phone number???!!! This is
insane!!! What do I do??!! I was so
nervous. I’ll never forget her telling
me the digits one by one as I wrote
them down, trying to keep my hand
from shaking. We said goodbye and
went our separate ways to class, and
I was like, Okay, Trevor. Play it
cool. Don’t call her right away. I
called her that night. At seven.
She’d given me her number at two.
That was me being cool. Dude, don’t
call her at five. That’s too obvious.
Call her at seven.
I phoned her house that night.
Her mom answered. I said, “May I
speak to Zaheera, please?” Her

mom called her, and she came to
the phone and we talked. For like
an hour. After that we started
talking more, at school, on the
phone. I never told her how I felt.
Never made a move. Nothing. I was
always too scared.
Zaheera and Gary broke up.
Then they got back together. Then
they broke up. Then they got back
together. They kissed once, but she
didn’t like it, so they never kissed
again. Then they broke up for real. I
bided my time through it all. I
watched Popular Gary go down in
flames, and I was still the good
friend. Yep, the plan is working.

Matric dance, here we come. Only
two and a half years to go…
Then we had the mid-year
school holidays. The day we came
back, Zaheera wasn’t at school.
Then she wasn’t at school the next
day. Then she wasn’t at school the
day after that. Eventually I went
and tracked down Johanna on the
quad.
“Hey, where’s Zaheera?” I said.
“She hasn’t been around for a while.
Is she sick?”
“No,” she said. “Didn’t anyone
tell you? She left the school. She
doesn’t go here anymore.”
“What?”

“Yeah, she left.”
My first thought was, Wow,
okay. That’s news. I should give her
a call to catch up.
“What school did she move
to?” I asked.
“She didn’t. Her dad got a job in
America. During the break they
moved there. They’ve emigrated.”
“What?”
“Yeah. She’s gone. She was
such a good friend, too. I’m really
sad. Are you as sad as I am?”
“Uh…yeah,” I said, still trying
to process everything. “I liked
Zaheera. She was really cool.”

“Yeah, she was super sad, too,
because she had such a huge crush
on you. She was always waiting for
you to ask her out. Okay, I gotta go
to class! Bye!”
She ran off and left me
standing there, stunned. She’d hit
me with so much information at
once, first that Zaheera was gone,
then that she had left for America,
and then that she’d liked me all
along. It was like I’d been hit by
three successive waves of
heartbreak, each one bigger than
the last. My mind raced through all
the hours we’d spent talking on the
quad, on the phone, all the times I

could have said, “Hey, Zaheera, I
like you. Will you be my girlfriend?”
Ten words that might have changed
my life if I’d had the courage to say
them. But I hadn’t, and now she
was gone.

I n every nice neigh borh ood
th ere’s one wh ite family th at Does
Not Give a Fu ck. You know th e
family I ’m talking abou t. Th ey
don’t do th eir lawn, don’t paint th e
fence, don’t fix th e roof. Th eir
h ou se is sh it. My mom fou nd th at
h ou se and bou gh t it, wh ich is h ow
sh e snu ck a black family into a
place as wh ite as High lands North .
Most black people integrating
into wh ite su bu rbs were moving to
places like Bramley and Lombardy
East. Bu t for some reason my mom
ch ose High lands North . I t was a
su bu rban area, lots of sh opping.

Working people, mostly. Not
wealth y bu t stable and middle-
class. Older h ou ses, bu t still a nice
place to live. I n Soweto I was th e
only wh ite kid in th e black
townsh ip. I n Eden Park I was th e
only mixed kid in th e colored area.
I n High lands North I was th e only
black kid in th e wh ite su bu rb—and
by “only” I mean only. I n
High lands North th e wh ite never
took fligh t. I t was a largely Jewish
neigh borh ood, and Jewish people
don’t flee. Th ey’re done fleeing.
Th ey’ve already fled. Th ey get to a
place, bu ild th eir sh u l, and h old it
down. Since th e wh ite people
arou nd u s weren’t leaving, th ere
weren’t a lot of families like ou rs
moving in beh ind u s.
I didn’t make any friends in

High lands North for th e longest
time. I h ad an easier time making
friends in Eden Park, to be h onest.
I n th e su bu rbs, everyone lived
beh ind walls. Th e wh ite
neigh borh oods of Joh annesbu rg
were bu ilt on wh ite fear—fear of
black crime, fear of black u prisings
and reprisals—and as a resu lt
virtu ally every h ou se sits beh ind a
six-foot wall, and on top of th at wall
is electric wire. Everyone lives in a
plu sh , fancy maximu m-secu rity
prison. Th ere is no sitting on th e
front porch , no saying h i to th e
neigh bors, no kids ru nning back
and forth between h ou ses. I ’d ride
my bike arou nd th e neigh borh ood
for h ou rs with ou t seeing a single
kid. I ’d h ear th em, th ou gh . Th ey
were all meeting u p beh ind brick

walls for playdates I wasn’t invited
to. I ’d h ear people lau gh ing and
playing and I ’d get off my bike and
creep u p and peek over th e wall
and see a bu nch of wh ite kids
splash ing arou nd in someone’s
swimming pool. I was like a
Peeping Tom, bu t for friendsh ip.
I t was only after a year or so
th at I figu red ou t th e key to making
black friends in th e su bu rbs: th e
ch ildren of domestics. Many
domestic workers in Sou th Africa,
wh en th ey get pregnant th ey get
fired. Or, if th ey’re lu cky, th e family
th ey work for lets th em stay on and
th ey can h ave th e baby, bu t th en
th e baby goes to live with relatives
in th e h omelands. Th en th e black
moth er raises th e wh ite ch ildren,
seeing h er own ch ild only once a

year at th e h olidays. Bu t a h andfu l
of families wou ld let th eir
domestics keep th eir ch ildren with
th em, living in little maids’
qu arters or flatlets in th e backyard.
For a long time, th ose kids were
my only friends.

COLORBLIND
At Sandringham I got to know this
one kid, Teddy. Funny guy,
charming as hell. My mom used to
call him Bugs Bunny; he had a
cheeky smile with two big teeth that
stuck out the front of his mouth.
Teddy and I got along like a house
on fire, one of those friends where

you start hanging out and from that
day forward you’re never apart. We
were both naughty as shit, too.
With Teddy, I’d finally met
someone who made me feel
normal. I was the terror in my
family. He was the terror in his
family. When you put us together it
was mayhem. Walking home from
school we’d throw rocks through
windows, just to see them shatter,
and then we’d run away. We got
detention together all the time. The
teachers, the pupils, the principal,
everyone at school knew: Teddy and
Trevor, thick as thieves.
Teddy’s mom worked as a

domestic for a family in Linksfield,
a wealthy suburb near school.
Linksfield was a long walk from my
house, nearly forty minutes, but
still doable. Walking around was
pretty much all I did back then,
anyway. I couldn’t afford to do
anything else, and I couldn’t afford
to get around any other way. If you
liked walking, you were my friend.
Teddy and I walked all over
Johannesburg together. I’d walk to
Teddy’s house and we’d hang out
there. Then we’d walk back to my
house and hang out there. We’d
walk from my house down to the
city center, which was like a three-

hour hike, just to hang out, and
then we’d walk all the way back.
Friday and Saturday nights
we’d walk to the mall and hang out.
The Balfour Park Shopping Mall
was a few blocks from my house.
It’s not a big mall, but it has
everything—an arcade, a cinema,
restaurants, South Africa’s version
of Target, South Africa’s version of
the Gap. Then, once we were at the
mall, since we never had any money
to shop or watch movies or buy
food, we’d just wander around
inside.
One night we were at the mall
and most of the shops were closed,

but the cinema was still showing
movies so the building was still
open. There was this stationery
shop that sold greeting cards and
magazines, and it didn’t have a
door, so when it closed at night
there was only a metal gate, like a
trellis, that was pulled across the
entrance and padlocked. Walking
past this shop, Teddy and I realized
that if we put our arms through the
trellis we could reach this rack of
chocolates just inside. And these
weren’t just any chocolates—they
were alcohol-filled chocolates. I
loved alcohol. Loved loved loved it.
My whole life I’d steal sips of

grown-ups’ drinks whenever I
could.
We reached in, grabbed a few,
drank the liquor inside, and then
gobbled down the chocolates. We’d
hit the jackpot. We started going
back again and again to steal more.
We’d wait for the shops to start to
close, then we’d go and sit against
the gate, acting like we were just
hanging out. We’d check to make
sure the coast was clear, and then
one of us would reach in, grab a
chocolate, and drink the whiskey.
Reach in, grab a chocolate, drink
the rum. Reach in, grab a chocolate,
drink the brandy. We did this every

weekend for at least a month,
having the best time. Then we
pushed our luck too far.
It was a Saturday night. We
were hanging out at the entrance to
the stationery shop, leaning up
against the gate. I reached in to grab
a chocolate, and at that exact
moment a mall cop came around
the corner and saw me with my arm
in up to my shoulder. I brought my
hand out with a bunch of chocolates
in it. It was almost like a movie. I
saw him. He saw me. His eyes went
wide. I tried to walk away, acting
natural. Then he shouted out, “Hey!
Stop!”

And the chase was on. We
bolted, heading for the doors. I
knew if a guard cut us off at the exit
we’d be trapped, so we were hauling
ass as fast as we could. We cleared
the exit. The second we hit the
parking lot, mall cops were coming
at us from every direction, a dozen
of them at least. I was running with
my head down. These guards knew
me. I was in that mall all the time.
The guards knew my mom, too. She
did her banking at that mall. If they
even caught a glimpse of who I was,
I was dead.
We ran straight across the
parking lot, ducking and weaving

between parked cars, the guards
right behind us, yelling. We made it
to the petrol station out at the road,
ran through there, and hooked left
up the main road. They chased and
chased and we ran and ran, and it
was awesome. The risk of getting
caught was half the fun of being
naughty, and now the chase was on.
I was loving it. I was shitting
myself, but also loving it. This was
my turf. This was my neighborhood.
You couldn’t catch me in my
neighborhood. I knew every alley
and every street, every back wall to
climb over, every fence with a gap
big enough to slip through. I knew

every shortcut you could possibly
imagine. As a kid, wherever I went,
whatever building I was in, I was
always plotting my escape. You
know, in case shit went down. In
reality I was a nerdy kid with
almost no friends, but in my mind I
was an important and dangerous
man who needed to know where
every camera was and where all the
exit points were.
I knew we couldn’t run forever.
We needed a plan. As Teddy and I
booked past the fire station there
was a road off to the left, a dead end
that ran into a metal fence. I knew
that there was a hole in the fence to

squeeze through and on the far side
was an empty field behind the mall
that took you back to the main road
and back to my house. A grown-up
couldn’t fit through the hole, but a
kid could. All my years of imagining
the life of a secret agent for myself
finally paid off. Now that I needed
an escape, I had one.
“Teddy, this way!” I yelled.
“No, it’s a dead end!”
“We can get through! Follow
me!”
He didn’t. I turned and ran into
the dead end. Teddy broke the other
way. Half the mall cops followed
him, half followed me. I got to the

fence and knew exactly how to
squirm through. Head, then
shoulder, one leg, then twist, then
the other leg—done. I was through.
The guards hit the fence behind me
and couldn’t follow. I ran across the
field to a fence on the far side,
popped through there, and then I
was right on the road, three blocks
from my house. I slipped my hands
into my pockets and casually
walked home, another harmless
pedestrian out for a stroll.
Once I got back to my house I
waited for Teddy. He didn’t show
up. I waited thirty minutes, forty
minutes, an hour. No Teddy.

Fuck.
I ran to Teddy’s house in
Linksfield. No Teddy. Monday
morning I went to school. Still no
Teddy.
Fuck.
Now I was worried. After
school I went home and checked at
my house again, nothing. Teddy’s
house again, nothing. Then I ran
back home.
An hour later Teddy’s parents
showed up. My mom greeted them
at the door.
“Teddy’s been arrested for
shoplifting,” they said.

Fuuuck.
I eavesdropped on their whole
conversation from the other room.
From the start my mom was certain
I was involved.
“Well, where was Trevor?” she
asked.
“Teddy said he wasn’t with
Trevor,” they said.
My mom was skeptical. “Hmm.
Are you sure Trevor wasn’t
involved?”
“No, apparently not. The cops
said there was another kid, but he
got away.”
“So it was Trevor.”

“No, we asked Teddy, and he
said it wasn’t Trevor. He said it was
some other kid.”
“Huh…okay.” My mom called
me in. “Do you know about this
thing?”
“What thing?”
“Teddy was caught shoplifting.”
“Whhaaat?” I played dumb.
“Noooo. That’s crazy. I can’t believe
it. Teddy? No.”
“Where were you?” my mom
asked.
“I was at home.”
“But you’re always with Teddy.”
I shrugged. “Not on this

occasion, I suppose.”
For a moment my mom
thought she’d caught me red-
handed, but Teddy’d given me a
solid alibi. I went back to my room,
thinking I was in the clear.
—
The next day I was in class and my
name was called over the PA
system. “Trevor Noah, report to the
principal’s office.” All the kids were
like, “Ooooohhh.” The
announcements could be heard in
every classroom, so now,
collectively, the whole school knew
I was in trouble. I got up and

walked to the office and waited
anxiously on an uncomfortable
wooden bench outside the door.
Finally the principal, Mr.
Friedman, walked out. “Trevor,
come in.” Waiting inside his office
was the head of mall security, two
uniformed police officers, and my
and Teddy’s homeroom teacher,
Mrs. Vorster. A roomful of silent,
stone-faced white authority figures
stood over me, the guilty young
black man. My heart was pounding.
I took a seat.
“Trevor, I don’t know if you
know this,” Mr. Friedman said, “but
Teddy was arrested the other day.”

“What?” I played the whole
thing again. “Teddy? Oh, no. What
for?”
“For shoplifting. He’s been
expelled, and he won’t be coming
back to school. We know there was
another boy involved, and these
officers are going around to the
schools in the area to investigate.
We called you here because Mrs.
Vorster tells us you’re Teddy’s best
friend, and we want to know: Do
you know anything about this?”
I shook my head. “No, I don’t
know anything.”
“Do you know who Teddy was
with?”

“No.”
“Okay.” He stood up and
walked over to a television in the
corner of the room. “Trevor, the
police have video footage of the
whole thing. We’d like you to take a
look at it.”
Fuuuuu uuuuu uuuuu uuck.
My heart was pounding in my
chest. Well, life, it’s been fun, I
thought. I’m going to get expelled.
I’m going to go to jail. This is it.
Mr. Friedman pressed Play on
the VCR. The tape started. It was
grainy, black-and-white security-
camera footage, but you could see
what was happening plain as day.

They even had it from multiple
angles: Me and Teddy reaching
through the gate. Me and Teddy
racing for the door. They had the
whole thing. After a few seconds,
Mr. Friedman reached up and
paused it with me, from a few
meters out, freeze-framed in the
middle of the screen. In my mind,
this was when he was going to turn
to me and say, “Now would you like
to confess?” He didn’t.
“Trevor,” he said, “do you know
of any white kids that Teddy hangs
out with?”
I nearly shat myself. “What?!”
I looked at the screen and I

realized: Teddy was dark. I am light;
I have olive skin. But the camera
can’t expose for light and dark at
the same time. So when you put me
on a black-and-white screen next to
a black person, the camera doesn’t
know what to do. If the camera has
to pick, it picks me as white. My
color gets blown out. In this video,
there was a black person and a
white person. But still: It was me.
The picture wasn’t great, and my
facial features were a bit blurry, but
if you looked closely: It was me. I
was Teddy’s best friend. I was
Teddy’s only friend. I was the single
most likely accomplice. You had to

at least suspect that it was me. They
didn’t. They grilled me for a good
ten minutes, but only because they
were so sure that I had to know
who this white kid was.
“Trevor, you’re Teddy’s best
friend. Tell us the truth. Who is this
kid?”
“I don’t know.”
“You don’t recognize him at
all?”
“No.”
“Teddy never mentioned him to
you?”
“Never.”
At a certain point Mrs. Vorster

just started running through a list
of all the white kids she thought it
could be.
“Is it David?”
“No.”
“Rian?”
“No.”
“Frederik?”
“No.”
I kept waiting for it to be a
trick, for them to turn and say, “It’s
you!” They didn’t. At a certain
point, I felt so invisible I almost
wanted to take credit. I wanted to
jump up and point at the TV and
say, “Are you people blind?! That’s

me! Can you not see that that’s
me?!” But of course I didn’t. And
they couldn’t. These people had
been so fucked by their own
construct of race that they could not
see that the white person they were
looking for was sitting right in front
of them.
Eventually they sent me back
to class. I spent the rest of the day
and the next couple of weeks
waiting for the other shoe to drop,
waiting for my mom to get the call.
“We’ve got him! We figured it out!”
But the call never came.

S ou th Africa h as eleven official
langu ages. After democracy came,
people said, “Okay, h ow do we
create order with ou t h aving
different grou ps feel like th ey’ve
been left ou t of power again?”
English is th e international
langu age and th e langu age of
money and of th e media, so we h ad
to keep th at. Most people were
forced to learn at least some
Afrikaans, so it’s u sefu l to keep
th at, too. Plu s we didn’t want th e
wh ite minority to feel ostracized in
th e new Sou th Africa, or else th ey’d
take all th eir money and leave.

Of th e African langu ages, Zu lu
h as th e largest nu mber of native
speakers, bu t we cou ldn’t keep th at
with ou t also h aving Xh osa and
Tswana and Ndebele. Th en th ere’s
Swazi, Tsonga, Venda, Soth o, and
Pedi. We tried to keep all th e major
grou ps h appy, so th e next th ing we
knew we’d made eleven langu ages
official langu ages. And th ose are
ju st th e langu ages big enou gh to
demand recognition; th ere are
dozens more.
I t’s th e Tower of Babel in Sou th
Africa. Every single day. Every day
you see people completely lost,
trying to h ave conversations and
h aving no idea wh at th e oth er
person is saying. Zu lu and Tswana
are fairly common. Tsonga and
Pedi are pretty fringe. Th e more

common you r tongu e, th e less
likely you are to learn oth ers. Th e
more fringe, th e more likely you are
to pick u p two or th ree. I n th e cities
most people speak at least some
English and u su ally a bit of
Afrikaans, enou gh to get arou nd.
You ’ll be at a party with a dozen
people wh ere bits of conversation
are flying by in two or th ree
different langu ages. You ’ll miss
part of it, someone migh t translate
on th e fly to give you th e gist, you
pick u p th e rest from th e context,
and you ju st figu re it ou t. Th e crazy
th ing is th at, someh ow, it works.
Society fu nctions. Except wh en it
doesn’t.

A YOUNG MAN’S
LONG, AW KWARD,
OCCASIONALLY
TRAGIC, AND
FREQUENTLY
HUMILIATING
EDUCATION IN
AFFAIRS OF THE
HEART, PART III:
THE DANCE

By the end of high school I’d
become a mogul. My tuck-shop
business had evolved into a mini-
empire that included selling pirated
CDs I made at home. I’d convinced
my mother, as frugal as she was,
that I needed a computer for school.
I didn’t. I wanted it so I could surf
the Internet and play Leisure Suit
Larry. But I was very convincing,
and she broke down and got it for
me. Thanks to the computer, the
Internet, and the fortunate gift of a
CD writer from a friend, I was in
business.
I had carved out my niche, and
was having a great time; life was so

good as an outsider that I didn’t
even think about dating. The only
girls in my life were the naked ones
on my computer. While I
downloaded music and messed
around in chat rooms, I’d dabble in
porn sites here and there. No video,
of course, only pictures. With
online porn today you just drop
straight into the madness, but with
dial-up it took so long for the
images to load. It was almost
gentlemanly compared to now.
You’d spend a good five minutes
looking at her face, getting to know
her as a person. Then a few minutes
later you’d get some boobs. By the

time you got to her vagina, you’d
spent a lot of quality time together.
In September of grade twelve,
the matric dance was coming up.
Senior prom. This was the big one. I
was again faced with the dilemma
of Valentine’s Day, confronting
another strange ritual I did not
understand. All I knew about prom
was that, according to my American
movies, prom is where it happens.
You lose your virginity. You go and
you ride in the limousine, and then
you and the girl do the thing. That
was literally my only reference. But
I knew the rule: Cool guys get girls,
and funny guys get to hang out with

the cool guys with their girls. So I’d
assumed I wouldn’t be going, or if I
did go it wouldn’t be with a date.
I had two middlemen working
for me in my CD business, Bongani
and Tom. They sold the CDs that I
copied in exchange for a cut. I met
Tom at the arcade at the Balfour
Park mall. Like Teddy, he lived
nearby because his mom was a
domestic worker. Tom was in my
grade but went to a government
school, Northview, a proper ghetto
school. Tom handled my CD sales
over there.
Tom was a chatterbox,
hyperactive and go-go-go. He was a

real hustler, too, always trying to
cut a deal, work an angle. He could
get people to do anything. A great
guy, but fucking crazy and a
complete liar as well. I went with
him once to Hammanskraal, a
settlement that was like a
homeland, but not really.
Hammanskraal, as its Afrikaans
name suggests, was the kraal of
Hamman, what used to be a white
man’s farm. The proper homelands,
Venda and Gazankulu and Transkei,
were places where black people
actually lived, and the government
drew a border around them and
said, “Stay there.” Hammanskraal

and settlements like it were empty
places on the map where deported
black people had been relocated.
That’s what the government did.
They would find some patch of arid,
dusty, useless land, and dig row
after row of holes in the ground—a
thousand latrines to serve four
thousand families. Then they’d
forcibly remove people from
illegally occupying some white area
and drop them off in the middle of
nowhere with some pallets of
plywood and corrugated iron. “Here.
This is your new home. Build some
houses. Good luck.” We’d watch it
on the news. It was like some

heartless, survival-based reality TV
show, only nobody won any money.
One afternoon in
Hammanskraal, Tom told me we
were going to see a talent show. At
the time, I had a pair of Timberland
boots I’d bought. They were the
only decent piece of clothing I
owned. Back then, almost no one in
South Africa had Timberlands. They
were impossible to get, but
everyone wanted them because
American rappers wore them. I’d
scrimped and saved my tuck-shop
money and my CD money to buy
them. As we were leaving, Tom told
me, “Be sure to wear your

Timberlands.”
The talent show was in this
little community hall attached to
nothing in the middle of nowhere.
When we got there, Tom was going
around, shaking hands, chatting
with everybody. There was singing,
dancing, some poetry. Then the
host got up onstage and said, “Re na
le modiragatsi yo o kgethegileng.
Ka kopo amogelang…Spliff Star!”
“We’ve got a special performer, a
rapper all the way from America.
Please welcome…Spliff Star!”
Spliff Star was Busta Rhymes’s
hype man at the time. I sat there,
confused. What? Spliff Star? In

Hammanskraal? Then everyone in
the room turned and looked at me.
Tom walked over and whispered in
my ear.
“Dude, come up onstage.”
“What?”
“Come onstage.”
“Dude, what are you talking
about?”
“Dude, please, you’re gonna get
me in so much shit. They’ve already
paid me the money.”
“Money? What money?”
Of course, what Tom had failed
to tell me was that he’d told these
people he was bringing a famous

rapper from America to come and
rap in their talent show. He had
demanded to be paid up front for
doing so, and I, in my Timberlands,
was that famous American rapper.
“Screw you,” I said. “I’m not
going anywhere.”
“Please, dude, I’m begging you.
Please do me this favor. Please.
There’s this girl here, and I wanna
get with her, and I told her I know
all these rappers…Please. I’m
begging you.”
“Dude, I’m not Spliff Star.
What am I gonna do?!”
“Just rap Busta Rhymes songs.”
“But I don’t know any of the

lyrics.”
“It doesn’t matter. These
people don’t speak English.”
“Aw, fuck.”
I got up onstage and Tom did
some terrible beat-boxing—“Bff ba-
dff, bff bff ba-dff”—while I
stumbled through some Busta
Rhymes lyrics that I made up as I
went along. The audience erupted
with cheers and applause. An
American rapper had come to
Hammanskraal, and it was the most
epic thing they had ever seen.
So that’s Tom.
One afternoon Tom came by
my house and we started talking

about the dance. I told him I didn’t
have a date, couldn’t get a date, and
wasn’t going to get a date.
“I can get you a girl to go with
you to the dance,” he said.
“No, you can’t.”
“Yes, I can. Let’s make a deal.”
“I don’t want one of your deals,
Tom.”
“No, listen, here’s the deal. If
you give me a better cut on the CDs
I’m selling, plus a bunch of free
music for myself, I’ll come back
with the most beautiful girl you’ve
ever seen in your life, and she’ll be
your date for the dance.”

“Okay, I’ll take that deal
because it’s never going to happen.”
“Do we have a deal?”
“We have a deal, but it’s not
going to happen.”
“But do we have a deal?”
“It’s a deal.”
“Okay, I’m going to find you a
date. She’s going to be the most
beautiful girl you’ve ever seen, and
you’re going to take her to the
matric dance and you’re going to be
a superstar.”
The dance was still two months
away. I promptly forgot about Tom
and his ridiculous deal. Then he

came over to my house one
afternoon and popped his head into
my room.
“I found the girl.”
“Really?”
“Yeah. You have to come and
meet her.”
I knew Tom was full of shit,
but the thing that makes a con man
successful is that he never gives you
nothing. He delivers just enough to
keep you believing. Tom had
introduced me to many beautiful
women. He was never dating them,
but he talked a good game, and was
always around them. So when he
said he had a girl, I didn’t doubt

him. The two of us jumped on a bus
and headed into the city.
The girl lived in a run-down
block of flats downtown. We found
her building, and a girl leaned over
the balcony and waved us inside.
That was the girl’s sister Lerato,
Tom said. Come to find out, he’d
been trying to get with Lerato, and
setting me up with the sister was
his way in—of course, Tom was
working an angle.
It was dark in the lobby. The
elevator was busted, so we walked
up several flights. This girl Lerato
brought us into the flat. In the
living room was this giant, but I

mean really, really enormous, fat
woman. I was like, Oh, Tom. I see
what you’ve done here. Nicely
played. Tom was a big joker as well.
“Is this my date?” I asked.
“No, no, no,” he said. “This is
not your date. This is her older
sister. Your date is Babiki. Babiki
has three older sisters, and Lerato is
her younger sister. Babiki’s gone to
the store to buy groceries. She’ll be
back in a moment.”
We waited, chatted with the
older sister. Ten minutes later the
door opened and the most beautiful
girl I have ever seen in my life
walked in. She was…good Lord.

Beautiful eyes, beautiful golden
yellow-brown skin. It was like she
glowed. No girl at my high school
looked anything like her.
“Hi,” she said.
“Hi,” I replied.
I was dumbfounded. I had no
idea how to talk to a girl that
beautiful. She was shy and didn’t
speak much, either. There was a bit
of an awkward pause. Luckily Tom’s
a guy who just talks and talks. He
jumped right in and smoothed
everything over. “Trevor, this is
Babiki. Babiki, Trevor.” He went on
and on about how great I was, how
much she was looking forward to

the dance, when I would pick her up
for the dance, all the details. We
hung out for a few, and then Tom
needed to get going so we headed
out the door. Babiki turned and
smiled at me and waved as we left.
“Bye.”
“Bye.”
We walked out of that building
and I was the happiest man on
earth. I couldn’t believe it. I was the
guy at school who couldn’t get a
date. I’d resigned myself to never
getting a date, didn’t consider
myself worthy of having a date. But
now I was going to the matric dance
with the most beautiful girl in the

world.
Over the following weeks we
went down to Hillbrow a few more
times to hang out with Babiki and
her sisters and her friends. Babiki’s
family was Pedi, one of South
Africa’s smaller tribes. I liked
getting to know people of different
backgrounds, so that was fun.
Babiki and her friends were what
we call amabhujua. They’re as poor
as most other black people, but they
try to act like they’re not. They
dress fashionably and act rich.
Amabhujua will put a shirt on
layaway, one shirt, and spend seven
months paying it off. They’ll live in

shacks wearing Italian leather
shoes that cost thousands. An
interesting crowd.
Babiki and I never went on a
date alone. It was always the two of
us in a group. She was shy, and I
was a nervous wreck most of the
time, but we had fun. Tom kept
everyone loose and having a good
time. Whenever we’d say goodbye,
Babiki would give me a hug, and
once she even gave me a little kiss. I
was in heaven. I was like, Yeah, I’ve
got a girlfriend. Cool.
—
As the dance approached, I started

getting nervous. I didn’t have a car.
I didn’t have any decent clothes.
This was my first time taking out a
beautiful girl, and I wanted it to be
perfect.
We’d moved to Highlands
North when my stepfather’s garage
went out of business, and he moved
his workshop to the house. We had
a big yard and a garage in the back,
and that became his new workshop,
essentially. At any given time, we
had at least ten or fifteen cars in the
driveway, in the yard, and out on
the street, clients’ cars being
worked on and old junkers Abel
kept around to tinker with. One

afternoon Tom and I were at the
house. Tom was telling Abel about
my date, and Abel decided to be
generous. He said I could take a car
for the dance.
There was a red Mazda that
we’d had for a while, a complete
piece of shit but it worked well
enough. I’d borrowed it before, but
the car I really wanted was Abel’s
BMW. It was old and beat-up like
the Mazda, but a shit BMW is still a
BMW. I begged him to let me take
it.
“Please, please, can I use the
BMW?”
“Not a fucking chance.”

“Please. This is the greatest
moment in my life. Please. I’m
begging you.”
“No.”
“Please.”
“No. You can take the Mazda.”
Tom, always the hustler and
the dealmaker, stepped in.
“Bra Abie,” he said. “I don’t
think you understand. If you saw
the girl Trevor is taking to the
dance, you would see why this is so
important. Let’s make a deal. If we
bring her here and she’s the most
beautiful girl you’ve ever seen in
your life, you’ll let him take the
BMW.”

Abel thought about it.
“Okay. Deal.”
We went to Babiki’s flat, told
her my parents wanted to meet her,
and brought her back to my house.
Then we brought her around to the
garage in the back where Abel and
his guys were working. Tom and I
went over and introduced them.
“Abel, this is Babiki. Babiki,
this is Abel.”
Abel smiled big, was charming
as always.
“Nice to meet you,” he said.
They chatted for a few minutes.
Tom and Babiki left. Abel turned to

me.
“Is that the girl?”
“Yes.”
“You can take the BMW.”
Once I had the car, I
desperately needed something to
wear. I was taking out this girl who
was really into fashion, and, except
for my Timberlands, everything I
owned was shit. I was limited in my
wardrobe choices because I was
stuck buying in the shops my
mother let me go to, and my mother
did not believe in spending money
on clothes. She’d take me to some
bargain clothing store and tell me
what our budget was, and I’d have

to find something to wear.
At the time I had no clue about
clothes. My idea of fashion was a
brand of clothing called
Powerhouse. It was the kind of stuff
weight lifters wear down in Miami
or out at Venice Beach, baggy track
pants with baggy sweatshirts. The
logo was a cartoon of this giant
bodybuilding bulldog wearing
wraparound sunglasses and
smoking a cigar and flexing his
muscles. On the pants he was
flexing all the way down your leg.
On the shirt he was flexing across
your chest. On the underwear, he
was flexing on your crotch. I

thought Powerhouse was the
baddest thing in the world, I can’t
even front. I had no friends, I loved
dogs, and muscles were cool—that’s
where I was working from. I had
Powerhouse everything, the full
range, five of the same outfit in five
different colors. It was easy. The
pants came with the top, so I knew
how to make it work.
Bongani, the other middleman
from my CD business, found out I
had a date, and he made it his
mission to give me a makeover.
“You need to up your game,” he
said. “You cannot go to the dance
looking the way you look—for her

sake, not yours. Let’s go shopping.”
I went to my mom and begged
her to give me money to buy
something to wear for the dance.
She finally relented and gave me
2,000 rand, for one outfit. It was
the most money she’d ever given
me for anything in my life. I told
Bongani how much I had to spend,
and he said we’d make it work. The
trick to looking rich, he told me, is
to have one expensive item, and for
the rest of the things you get basic,
good-looking quality stuff. The nice
item will draw everyone’s eye, and
it’ll look like you’ve spent more
than you have.

In my mind nothing was cooler
than the leather coats everybody
wore in The Matrix. The Matrix
came out while I was in high school
and it was my favorite movie at the
time. I loved Neo. In my heart I
knew: I am Neo. He’s a nerd. He’s
useless at everything, but secretly
he’s a badass superhero. All I
needed was a bald, mysterious black
man to come into my life and show
me the way. Now I had Bongani,
black, head shaved, telling me, “You
can do it. You’re the one.” And I was
like, “Yes. I knew it.”
I told Bongani I wanted a
leather coat like Keanu Reeves

wore, the ankle-length black one.
Bongani shut that down. “No, that’s
not practical. It’s cool, but you’ll
never be able to wear it again.” He
took me shopping and we bought a
calf-length black leather jacket,
which would look ridiculous today
but at the time, thanks to Neo, was
very cool. That alone cost 1,200
rand. Then we finished the outfit
with a pair of simple black pants,
suede square-toed shoes, and a
cream-white knitted sweater.
Once we had the outfit,
Bongani took a long look at my
enormous Afro. I was forever trying
to get the perfect 1970s Michael

Jackson Afro. What I had was more
Buckwheat: unruly and impossible
to comb, like stabbing a pitchfork
into a bed of crabgrass.
“We need to fix that fucking
hair,” Bongani said.
“What do you mean?” I said.
“This is just my hair.”
“No, we have to do something.”
Bongani lived in Alexandra. He
dragged me there, and we went to
talk to some girls from his street
who were hanging out on the
corner.
“What would you do with this
guy’s hair?” he asked them.

The girls looked me over.
“He has so much,” one of them
said. “Why doesn’t he cornrow it?”
“Shit, yeah,” they said. “That’s
great!”
I said, “What? Cornrows? No!”
“No, no,” they said. “Do it.”
Bongani dragged me to a hair
salon down the street. We went in
and sat down. The woman touched
my hair, shook her head, and
turned to Bongani.
“I can’t work with this sheep,”
she said. “You have to do something
about this.”
“What do we need to do?”

“You have to relax it. I don’t do
that here.”
“Okay.”
Bongani dragged me to a
second salon. I sat down in the
chair, and the woman took my hair
and started painting this creamy
white stuff in it. She was wearing
rubber gloves to keep this chemical
relaxer off her own skin, which
should have been my first clue that
maybe this wasn’t such a great idea.
Once my hair was full of the
relaxer, she told me, “You have to
try to keep it in for as long as
possible. It’s going to start burning.
When it starts burning, tell me and

we’ll rinse it out. But the longer you
can handle it, the straighter your
hair will become.”
I wanted to do it right, so I sat
in the chair and waited and waited
for as long as I could.
I waited too long.
She’d told me to tell her when
it started burning. She should have
told me to tell her when it started
tingling, because by the time it was
actually burning it had already
taken off several layers of my scalp.
I was well past tingling when I
started to freak out. “It’s burning!
It’s burning!” She rushed me over
to the sink and started to rinse the

relaxer out. What I didn’t know is
that the chemical doesn’t really
start to burn until it’s being rinsed
out. I felt like someone was pouring
liquid fire onto my head. When she
was done I had patches of acid
burns all over my scalp.
I was the only man in the
salon; it was all women. It was a
window into what women
experience to look good on a regular
basis. Why would they ever do
this?, I thought. This is horrible.
But it worked. My hair was
completely straight. The woman
combed it back, and I looked like a
pimp, a pimp named Slickback.

Bongani then dragged me back
to the first salon, and the woman
agreed to cornrow my hair. She
worked slowly. It took six hours.
Finally she said, “Okay, you can
look in the mirror.” She turned me
around in the chair and I looked in
the mirror and…I had never seen
myself like that before. It was like
the makeover scenes in my
American movies, where they take
the dorky guy or girl, fix the hair
and change the clothes, and the
ugly duckling becomes the swan. I’d
been so convinced I’d never get a
date that I never tried to look nice
for a girl, so I didn’t know that I

could. The hair was good. My skin
wasn’t perfect, but it was getting
better; the pustules had receded
into regular pimples. I looked…not
bad.
I went home, and my mom
squealed when I walked in the door.
“Ooooooh! They turned my
baby boy into a pretty little girl! I’ve
got a little girl! You’re so pretty!”
“Mom! C’mon. Stop it.”
“Is this the way you’re telling
me that you’re gay?”
“What? No. Why would you say
that?”
“You know it’s okay if you are.”

“No, Mom. I’m not gay.”
Everyone in my family loved it.
They all thought it looked great. My
mom did tease the shit out of me,
though.
“It’s very well done,” she said,
“but it is way too pretty. You do
look like a girl.”
—
The big night finally came. Tom
came over to help me get ready. The
hair, the clothes, everything came
together perfectly. Once I was set,
we went to Abel to get the keys to
the BMW, and that was the

moment the whole night started to
go wrong.
It was a Saturday night, end of
the week, which meant Abel was
drinking with his workers. I walked
out to his garage, and as soon as I
saw his eyes I knew: He was
wasted. Fuck. When Abel was drunk
he was a completely different
person.
“Ah, you look nice!” he said
with a big smile, looking me over.
“Where are you going?”
“Where am I—Abie, I’m going
to the dance.”
“Okay. Have fun.”
“Um…can I get the keys?”

“The keys to what?”
“To the car.”
“What car?”
“The BMW. You promised I
could drive the BMW to the dance.”
“First go buy me some beers,”
he said.
He gave me his car keys; Tom
and I drove to the liquor store. I
bought Abel a few cases of beer,
drove back, and unloaded it for him.
“Okay,” I said, “can I take the
BMW now?”
“No.”
“What do you mean ‘no’?”
“I mean ‘no.’ I need my car

tonight.”
“But you promised. You said I
could take it.”
“Yeah, but I need the car.”
I was crushed. I sat there with
Tom and begged him for close to
half an hour.
“Please.”
“No.”
“Please.”
“Nope.”
Finally we realized it wasn’t
going to happen. We took the shitty
Mazda and drove to Babiki’s house.
I was an hour late picking her up.
She was completely pissed off. Tom

had to go in and convince her to
come out, and eventually she did.
She was even more gorgeous
than before, in an amazing red
dress, but she was clearly not in a
great mood. Inside I was quietly
starting to panic, but I smiled and
kept trying my gentlemanly best to
be a good date, holding the door for
her, telling her how beautiful she
was. Tom and the sister gave us a
send-off and we headed out.
Then I got lost. The dance was
being held at some venue in a part
of town I wasn’t familiar with, and
at some point I got completely
turned around and had no idea

where I was. I drove around for an
hour in the dark, going left, going
right, doubling back. I was on my
cellphone the whole time,
desperately calling people, trying to
figure out where I was, trying to get
directions. Babiki sat next to me in
stony silence the whole time,
clearly not feeling me or this night
at all. I was crashing hard. I was
late. I didn’t know where I was
going. I was the worst date she’d
ever had in her life.
I finally figured out where I
was and we made it to the dance,
nearly two hours late. I parked,
jumped out, and ran around to get

her door. When I opened it, she just
sat there.
“Are you ready?” I said. “Let’s
go in.”
“No.”
“No? What…what do you mean,
‘no’?”
“No.”
“Okay…but why?”
“No.”
“But we need to go inside. The
dance is inside.”
“No.”
I stood there for another
twenty minutes, trying to convince
her to come inside, but she kept

saying “no.” She wouldn’t get out of
the car.
Finally, I said, “Okay, I’ll be
right back.”
I ran inside and found Bongani.
“Where have you been?” he
said.
“I’m here! But my date’s in the
car and she won’t come in.”
“What do you mean she won’t
come in?”
“I don’t know what’s going on.
Please help me.”
We went back out to the
parking lot. I took Bongani over to
the car, and the second he saw her

he lost it. “Jesus in Heaven! This is
the most beautiful woman I’ve ever
seen. You said she was beautiful,
Trevor, but this is insane.” In an
instant he completely forgot about
helping me with Babiki. He turned
and ran back inside and called to
the guys. “Guys! You gotta come see
this! Trevor got a date! And she’s
beautiful! Guys! Come out here!”
Twenty guys came running out
into the parking lot. They clustered
around the car. “Yo, she’s so hot!”
“Dude, this girl came with Trevor?”
Guys were gawking at her like she
was an animal at the zoo. They were
asking to take pictures with her.

They were calling back to more
people inside. “This is insane! Look
at Trevor’s date! No, no, no, you
gotta come and see!”
I was mortified. I’d spent four
years of high school carefully
avoiding any kind of romantic
humiliation whatsoever, and now,
on the night of the matric dance,
the night of all nights, my
humiliation had turned into a circus
bigger than the event itself: Trevor
the undatable clown thought he was
going to have the most beautiful
girl at the dance, but he’s crashing
and burning so let’s all go outside
and watch.

Babiki sat in the passenger
seat, staring straight ahead,
refusing to budge. I was outside the
car, pacing, stressed out. A friend of
mine had a bottle of brandy that
he’d smuggled into the dance.
“Here,” he said, “have some of this.”
Nothing mattered at that point, so I
started drinking. I’d fucked up. The
girl didn’t like me. The night was
done.
Most of the guys eventually
wandered back inside. I was sitting
on the pavement, taking swigs from
the brandy bottle, getting buzzed. At
some point Bongani went back over
to the car to try one last time to

convince Babiki to come in. After a
minute his head popped up over the
car with this confused look.
“Yo, Trevor,” he said, “your date
does not speak English.”
“What?”
“Your date. She does not speak
any English.”
“That’s not possible.”
I got up and walked over to the
car. I asked her a question in
English and she gave me a blank
stare.
Bongani looked at me.
“How did you not know that
your date does not speak English?”

“I…I don’t know.”
“Have you never spoken to
her?”
“Of course I have—or,
wait…have I?”
I started flashing back through
all the times I’d been with Babiki,
meeting at her flat, hanging out
with her friends, introducing her to
Abel. Did I talk to her then? No. Did
I talk to her then? No. It was like
the scene in Fight Club where Ed
Norton’s character flashes back and
realizes he and Brad Pitt have never
been in the same room with Helena
Bonham Carter at the same time.
He realizes he’s been punching

himself the whole time. He’s Tyler
Durden. In all the excitement of
meeting Babiki, the times we were
hanging out and getting to know
each other, we were never actually
speaking to each other. It was
always through Tom.
Fucking Tom.
Tom had promised he’d get me
a beautiful date for the dance, but
he hadn’t made any promises about
any of her other qualities.
Whenever we were together, she
was speaking Pedi to Tom, and Tom
was speaking English to me. But
she didn’t speak English, and I
didn’t speak Pedi. Abel spoke Pedi.

He’d learned several South African
languages in order to deal with his
customers, so he’d spoken with her
fluently when they met. But in that
moment I realized I’d never actually
heard her say anything in English
other than: “Yes.” “No.” “Hi.” “Bye.”
That’s it: “Yes.” “No.” “Hi.” “Bye.”
Babiki was so shy that she
didn’t talk much to begin with, and
I was so inept with women that I
didn’t know how to talk to her. I’d
never had a girlfriend; I didn’t even
know what “girlfriend” meant.
Someone put a beautiful woman on
my arm and said, “She’s your
girlfriend.” I’d been mesmerized by

her beauty and just the idea of her—
I didn’t know I was supposed to talk
to her. The naked women on my
computer, I’d never had to talk to
them, ask them their opinions, ask
them about their feelings. And I
was afraid I’d open my mouth and
ruin the whole thing, so I just
nodded and smiled along and let
Tom do the talking.
All three of Babiki’s older
sisters spoke English, and her
younger sister Lerato spoke a little.
So whenever we hung out with
Babiki and her sisters and their
friends, a lot of the conversation
was in English. The rest of it was

going right by me in Pedi or in
Sotho, but that’s completely normal
in South Africa so it never bothered
me; I got enough of the gist of the
conversation from everyone’s
English to know what was going on.
And the way my mind works with
language, even when I’m hearing
other languages, they get filtered
into English as I’m hearing them.
My mind stores them in English.
When my grandmother and great-
grandmother were hysterically
praying to God to destroy the
demon that had shit on their
kitchen floor, all of that transpired
in Xhosa, but it’s stored in English.

I remember it as English. So
whenever I lay in bed at night
dreaming about Babiki and the
moments we’d spent together, I felt
like it had transpired in English
because that’s how I remembered
it. And Tom had never said anything
about what language she spoke or
didn’t speak, because why would he
care? He just wanted to get his free
CDs and get with the sister. Which
is how I’d been dating a girl for over
a month—the girl I very much
believed was my first girlfriend—
without ever having had a single
conversation with her.
Now the whole night came

rushing back and I saw it from her
point of view, and it was perfectly
obvious to me why she didn’t want
to get out of the car. She probably
hadn’t wanted to go to the dance
with me in the first place; she
probably owed Tom a favor, and
Tom can talk anyone into anything.
Then I’d left her sitting and waiting
for me for an hour and she was
pissed off. Then she got into the car
and it was the first time we had ever
been alone, and she realized I
couldn’t even hold a conversation
with her. I’d driven her around and
gotten lost in the dark—a young girl
alone in a car in the middle of

nowhere with some strange guy, no
idea where I was taking her. She
was probably terrified. Then we got
to the dance and she didn’t speak
anyone’s language. She didn’t know
anyone. She didn’t even know me.
Bongani and I stood outside
the car, staring at each other. I
didn’t know what to do. I tried
talking to her in every language I
knew. Nothing worked. She only
spoke Pedi. I got so desperate that I
started trying to talk to her using
hand signals.
“Please. You. Me. Inside.
Dance. Yes?”
“No.”

“Inside. Dance. Please?”
“No.”
I asked Bongani if he spoke
Pedi. He didn’t. I ran inside to the
dance and ran around looking for
someone who spoke Pedi to help
me to convince her to come in. “Do
you speak Pedi? Do you speak Pedi?
Do you speak Pedi?” Nobody spoke
Pedi.
So I never got to go to my
matric dance. Other than the three
minutes I spent running through it
looking for someone who spoke
Pedi, I spent the whole night in the
parking lot. When the dance ended,
I climbed back into the shitty red

Mazda and drove Babiki home. We
sat in total awkward silence the
whole way.
I pulled up in front of her block
of flats in Hillbrow, stopped the car,
and sat for a moment as I tried to
figure out the polite and
gentlemanly way to end the
evening. Then, out of nowhere, she
leaned over and gave me a kiss.
Like, a real kiss, a proper kiss. The
kind of kiss that made me forget
that the whole disaster had just
happened. I was so confused. I
didn’t know what I was supposed to
do. She pulled back and I looked
deep into her eyes and thought, I

have no idea how girls work.
I got out of the car, walked
around to her side, and opened her
door. She gathered up her dress and
stepped out and headed toward her
flat, and as she turned to go I gave
her one last little wave.
“Bye.”
“Bye.”

I n Germany, no ch ild finish es h igh
sch ool with ou t learning abou t th e
Holocau st. Not ju st th e facts of it
bu t th e h ow and th e wh y and th e
gravity of it—wh at it means. As a
resu lt, Germans grow u p
appropriately aware and
apologetic. British sch ools treat
colonialism th e same way, to an
extent. Th eir ch ildren are tau gh t
th e h istory of th e Empire with a
kind of disclaimer h anging over th e
wh ole th ing. “Well, that was
sh amefu l, now wasn’t it?”
I n Sou th Africa, th e atrocities
of aparth eid h ave never been

tau gh t th at way. We weren’t tau gh t
ju dgment or sh ame. We were
tau gh t h istory th e way it’s tau gh t in
America. I n America, th e h istory of
racism is tau gh t like th is: “Th ere
was slavery and th en th ere was Jim
Crow and th en th ere was Martin
Lu th er King Jr. and now it’s done.”
I t was th e same for u s. “Aparth eid
was bad. Nelson Mandela was
freed. Let’s move on.” Facts, bu t
not many, and never th e emotional
or moral dimension. I t was as if th e
teach ers, many of wh om were
wh ite, h ad been given a mandate.
“Wh atever you do, don’t make th e
kids angry.”

GO HITLER!
When I was in grade nine, three
Chinese kids transferred to
Sandringham: Bolo, Bruce Lee, and
John. They were the only Chinese
kids in the school, out of a
thousand pupils. Bolo got his
nickname because he looked like
Bolo Yeung from the Jean-Claude

Van Damme movie Bloodsport.
Bruce Lee’s name really was Bruce
Lee, which made our lives. Here
was this Chinese guy, quiet, good-
looking, in great shape, and his
name was Bruce Lee. We were like,
This is magic. Thank you, Jesus, for
bringing us Bruce Lee. John was
just John, which was weird because
of the other two.
I got to know Bolo because he
was one of my tuck-shop clients.
Bolo’s parents were professional
pirates. They pirated videogames
and sold them at flea markets. As
the son of pirates, Bolo did the
same thing—he started selling

bootleg PlayStation games around
school. Kids would give him their
PlayStation, and he’d bring it back a
few days later with a chip in it that
enabled them to play pirated games,
which he would then sell them.
Bolo was friends with this white kid
and fellow pirate named Andrew,
who traded in bootleg CDs. Andrew
was two grades above me and a real
computer geek; he even had a CD
writer at home, back when nobody
had CD writers.
One day on my tuck-shop
rounds, I overheard Andrew and
Bolo complaining about the black
kids at school. They’d realized that

they could take Andrew’s and Bolo’s
merchandise, say “I’ll pay you
later,” and then not pay, because
Andrew and Bolo were too scared of
black people to go back to ask for
the money. I leaned in to their
conversation and said, “Listen, you
shouldn’t get upset. Black people
don’t have any money, so trying to
get more stuff for less money is just
what we do. But let me help. I’ll be
your middleman. You give me the
merchandise and I’ll sell it, and
then I’ll handle getting the money.
In return, you give me a cut of the
sale.” They liked the idea right
away, and we became partners.

As the tuck-shop guy, I was
perfectly positioned. I had my
network set up. All I had to do was
tap into it. With the money I made
selling CDs and videogames, I was
able to save up and add new
components and more memory to
my own computer. Andrew the
computer geek showed me how to
do it, where to buy the cheapest
parts, how to assemble them, how
to repair them. He showed me how
his business worked, too, how to
download music, where to get
rewritable CDs in bulk. The only
thing I was missing was my own CD
writer, because it was the most

expensive component. At the time a
CD writer cost as much as the rest
of the computer, nearly 2,000 rand.
I worked as a middleman for
Bolo and Andrew for a year. Then
Bolo left school; the rumor was that
his parents got arrested. From that
point on I worked for Andrew, and
then as he was about to matriculate
he decided to quit the game.
“Trevor,” he told me, “you’ve been a
loyal partner.” And, as thanks, he
bequeathed unto me his CD writer.
At the time, black people barely had
access to computers, let’s start
there. But a CD writer? That was
the stuff of lore. It was mythical.

The day Andrew gave it to me, he
changed my life. Thanks to him, I
now controlled production, sales,
distribution—I had everything I
needed to lock down the bootleg
business.
I was a natural capitalist. I
loved selling stuff, and I was selling
something that everybody wanted
and nobody else could provide. I
sold my discs for 30 rand, around
$3. A regular CD in the store cost
100 to 150 rand. Once people
started buying from me, they
wouldn’t buy real CDs ever again—
the deal was too good.
I had an instinct for business,

but at the time I knew nothing
about music, which was odd for
someone running a music-pirating
business. The only music I knew,
still, was Christian music from
church, the only music allowed in
my mother’s house. The CD writer
Andrew gave me was a 1x CD writer,
which meant it copied at the speed
it played. Every day I’d leave school,
go to my room, and sit for five to six
hours, copying CDs. I had my own
surround-sound system built with
old car speakers I’d salvaged from
the junkers Abel kept in the yard,
and I strung them up around the
room. Even though I had to sit

there while each CD played, for a
long time I didn’t really listen to
them. I knew it was against the
dealer’s code: Never get high on
your own supply.
Thanks to the Internet, I could
get anyone anything. I never judged
anyone’s taste in music. You
wanted the new Nirvana, I got you
the new Nirvana. You wanted the
new DMX, I got you the new DMX.
Local South African music was big,
but black American music was what
people were desperate for, hip-hop
and R&B. Jagged Edge was huge.
112 was huge. I sold a lot of Montell
Jordan. So much Montell Jordan.

When I started, I had a dial-up
connection and a 24k modem. It
would take a day to download an
album. But technology kept
evolving, and I kept reinvesting in
the business. I upgraded to a 56k
modem. I got faster CD writers,
multiple CD writers. I started
downloading more, copying more,
selling more. That’s when I got two
middlemen of my own, my friend
Tom, who went to Northview, and
my friend Bongani, who lived in
Alex.
One day Bongani came to me
and said, “You know what would
make a lot of money? Instead of

copying whole albums, why don’t
you put the best tracks of different
albums onto one CD, because
people only wanna hear the songs
they like.” That sounded like a great
idea, so I started making mix CDs.
Those sold well. Then a few weeks
later Bongani came back and said,
“Can you make the tracks fade into
one another so the music moves
from track one to track two without
a break and the beat carries on? It’ll
be like a DJ playing a complete set
the whole night.” That sounded like
a great idea, too. I downloaded a
program called BPM, “beats per
minute.” It had a graphical interface

that looked like two vinyl records
side by side, and I could mix and
fade between songs, basically
everything a DJ can do live. I
started making party CDs, and
those started selling like hotcakes,
too.
—
Business was booming. By matric I
was balling, making 500 rand a
week. To put that in perspective,
there are maids in South Africa who
still earn less than that today. It’s a
shit salary if you’re trying to
support a family, but as a sixteen-
year-old living at home with no real

expenses, I was living the dream.
For the first time in my life I
had money, and it was the most
liberating thing in the world. The
first thing I learned about having
money was that it gives you choices.
People don’t want to be rich. They
want to be able to choose. The
richer you are, the more choices
you have. That is the freedom of
money.
With money, I experienced
freedom on a whole new level: I
went to McDonald’s. People in
America don’t understand, but
when an American chain opens in a
third-world country, people go

crazy. That’s true to this day. A
Burger King opened for the first
time in South Africa last year, and
there was a queue around the block.
It was an event. Everyone was going
around saying, “I have to eat at
Burger King. Have you heard? It’s
from America.” The funny thing
was that the queue was actually just
white people. White people went
bat-shit crazy for Burger King. Black
people were like, whatever. Black
people didn’t need Burger King. Our
hearts were with KFC and
McDonald’s. The crazy thing about
McDonald’s is that we knew about
it long before it came, probably

from movies. We never even
dreamed we would ever get one in
South Africa; McDonald’s seemed
to us like one of those American
things that is exclusively American
and can’t go anywhere else. Even
before we ever tasted McDonald’s,
we knew we’d love it, and we did. At
one point South Africa was opening
more McDonald’s than any other
country in the world. With Mandela
came freedom—and with freedom
came McDonald’s. A McDonald’s
had opened up just two blocks from
our house not long after we moved
to Highlands North, but my mom
would never pay for us to eat there.

With my own money I was like,
Let’s do this. I went all in. They
didn’t have “supersize” at the time;
“large” was the biggest. So I walked
up to the counter, feeling very
impressed with myself, and I put
down my money and said, “I’ll have
a large number one.”
I fell in love with McDonald’s.
McDonald’s, to me, tasted like
America. McDonald’s is America.
You see it advertised and it looks
amazing. You crave it. You buy it.
You take your first bite, and it blows
your mind. It’s even better than you
imagined. Then, halfway through,
you realize it’s not all it’s cracked

up to be. A few bites later you’re
like, Hmm, there’s a lot wrong with
this. Then you’re done, you miss it
like crazy, and you go back for
more.
Once I’d had a taste of America,
I never ate at home. I only ate
McDonald’s. McDonald’s,
McDonald’s, McDonald’s,
McDonald’s. Every night my
mother would try to cook me
dinner.
“Tonight we’re having chicken
livers.”
“No, I’m gonna have
McDonald’s.”
“Tonight we’re having dog

bones.”
“I think I’m gonna go with
McDonald’s again.”
“Tonight we’re having chicken
feet.”
“Hmmmmm…Okay, I’m in. But
tomorrow I’m eating McDonald’s.”
The money kept rolling in and I
was balling out of control. This is
how balling I was: I bought a
cordless telephone. This was before
everyone had a cellphone. The
range on this cordless phone was
strong enough that I could put the
base outside my window, walk the
two blocks to McDonald’s, order my
large number one, walk back home,

go up to my room, and fire up my
computer, carrying on a
conversation the whole time. I was
that dude walking down the street
holding a giant phone to my ear
with the aerial fully extended,
talking to my friend. “Yeah, I’m just
goin’ down to McDonald’s…”
Life was good, and none of it
would have happened without
Andrew. Without him, I would
never have mastered the world of
music piracy and lived a life of
endless McDonald’s. What he did,
on a small scale, showed me how
important it is to empower the
dispossessed and the

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

disenfranchised in the wake of
oppression. Andrew was white. His
family had access to education,
resources, computers. For
generations, while his people were
preparing to go to university, my
people were crowded into thatched
huts singing, “Two times two is
four. Three times two is six. La la la
la la.” My family had been denied
the things his family had taken for
granted. I had a natural talent for
selling to people, but without
knowledge and resources, where
was that going to get me? People
always lecture the poor: “Take
responsibility for yourself! Make

something of yourself!” But with
what raw materials are the poor to
make something of themselves?
People love to say, “Give a man
a fish, and he’ll eat for a day. Teach
a man to fish, and he’ll eat for a
lifetime.” What they don’t say is,
“And it would be nice if you gave
him a fishing rod.” That’s the part
of the analogy that’s missing.
Working with Andrew was the first
time in my life I realized you need
someone from the privileged world
to come to you and say, “Okay,
here’s what you need, and here’s
how it works.” Talent alone would
have gotten me nowhere without

Andrew giving me the CD writer.
People say, “Oh, that’s a handout.”
No. I still have to work to profit by
it. But I don’t stand a chance
without it.
—
One afternoon I was in my room
making a CD when Bongani came
over to pick up his inventory. He
saw me mixing songs on my
computer.
“This is insane,” he said. “Are
you doing this live?”
“Yeah.”
“Trevor, I don’t think you

understand; you’re sitting on a gold
mine. We need to do this for a
crowd. You need to come to the
township and start DJ’ing gigs. No
one has ever seen a DJ playing on a
computer before.”
Bongani lived in Alexandra.
Where Soweto is a sprawling,
government-planned ghetto,
Alexandra is a tiny, dense pocket of
a shantytown, left over from the
pre-apartheid days. Rows and rows
of cinder-block and corrugated-iron
shacks, practically stacked on top of
one another. Its nickname is
Gomorrah because it has the
wildest parties and the worst

crimes.
Street parties are the best thing
about Alexandra. You get a tent, put
it up in the middle of the road, take
over the street, and you’ve got a
party. There’s no formal invitations
or guest list. You just tell a few
people, word of mouth travels, and
a crowd appears. There are no
permits, nothing like that. If you
own a tent, you have the right to
throw a party in your street. Cars
creep up to the intersection and the
driver will see the party blocking
their way and shrug and make a U-
turn. Nobody gets upset. The only
rule is that if you throw a party in

front of somebody’s house, they get
to come and share your alcohol. The
parties don’t end until someone
gets shot or a bottle gets broken on
someone’s face. That’s how it has to
end; otherwise, it wasn’t a party.
Back then, most DJs could spin
for only a few hours; they were
limited by the number of vinyls
they could buy. Since parties went
all night, you might need five or six
DJs to keep the dancing going. But I
had a massive hard drive stuffed
with MP3s, which is why Bongani
was excited when he saw me mixing
—he saw a way to corner the
market.

“How much music do you
have?” he asked.
“Winamp says I can play for a
week.”
“We’ll make a fortune.”
Our first gig was a New Year’s
Eve party the summer we graduated
from Sandringham. Bongani and I
took my tower, my giant monitor,
and all the cables and the keyboard
and the mouse. We loaded
everything up in a minibus and
brought it over to Alex. We took
over the street in front of his house,
ran the electricity out of his place,
set up the computer, set up
speakers, and borrowed a tent, and

people came. It was explosive. By
midnight the whole street was
packed from one end to the other.
Ours was the biggest New Year’s
Eve party in Alexandra that year,
and to have the biggest party in
Alexandra is no joke. All night, from
far and wide, people kept coming.
The word spread: “There’s a light-
skinned guy who plays music on a
computer. You’ve never seen
anything like it.” I DJ’d by myself
until dawn. By then me and my
friends were so drunk and
exhausted that we passed out on
the lawn outside Bongani’s house.
The party was so big it made our

reputation in the hood, instantly.
Pretty soon we were getting booked
all over.
Which was a good thing.
When Bongani and I graduated
from high school, we couldn’t get
jobs. There were no jobs for us to
get. The only ways I had to make
money were pirating CDs and
DJ’ing parties, and now that I’d left
Sandringham, the minibus drivers
and corner kids in Alexandra were
the single biggest market for my
CDs. It was also where I was
playing the most gigs, so to keep
earning I naturally gravitated that
way. Most of the white kids I knew

were taking a gap year. “I’m going
to take a gap year and go to
Europe.” That’s what the white kids
were saying. So I said, “I, too, am
going to take a gap year. I am going
to take a year and go to the
township and hang out on the
corner.” And that’s what I did.
There was a low brick wall
running down the middle of the
road in front of Bongani’s house in
Alex, and every day Bongani and I
and our crew would go sit on the
wall. I’d bring my CDs. We’d play
music and practice dance moves.
We hustled CDs all day and DJ’d
parties at night. We started getting

booked for gigs in other townships,
other hoods.
Thanks to my computer and
modem I was getting exclusive
tracks few people had access to, but
that created a problem for me.
Sometimes I’d play the new music
at parties and people would stand
around going, “What is this? How
do you dance to it?” For example, if
a DJ plays a song like “Watch Me
(Whip/Nae Nae)”—yes, it’s a catchy
song, but what is a whip? What is a
nae nae? For that song to be
popular you have to know how to
do the whip and the nae nae; new
music works at parties only if

people know how to dance to it.
Bongani decided we needed a dance
crew to show people the steps to the
songs we were playing. Because we
spent our days doing nothing but
listening to CDs and coming up
with dance moves, our crew from
the corner already knew all the
songs, so they became our dancers.
And hands down the best, most
beautiful, most graceful dancer in
the crew was Bongani’s neighbor,
Hitler.
Hitler was a great friend of
mine, and good Lord could that guy
dance. He was mesmerizing to
watch. He had a looseness and a

fluidity that defied physics—
imagine a jellyfish if it could walk
on land. Incredibly handsome, too,
tall and lithe and muscular, with
beautiful, smooth skin, big teeth,
and a great smile, always laughing.
And all he did was dance. He’d be
up in the morning, blasting house
music or hip-hop, practicing moves
the whole day.
In the hood, everybody knows
who the best dancer in the crew is.
He’s like your status symbol. When
you’re poor you don’t have cars or
nice clothes, but the best dancer
gets girls, so that’s the guy you want
to roll with. Hitler was our guy.

There were parties with dance
competitions. Kids from every
neighborhood would come and
bring their best dancers. We’d
always bring Hitler, and he almost
always won.
When Bongani and I put
together a routine for our dance
crew, there was no question who
was going to be the star attraction.
We built the whole set around
Hitler. I’d warm the crowd up with
a few songs, then the dancers would
come out and do a couple of
numbers. Once they’d gotten the
party started, they’d fan out to form
a semicircle around the stage with a

gap in the back for Hitler to enter.
I’d crank up Redman’s “Let’s Get
Dirty” and start whipping the crowd
up even more. “Are you ready?! I
can’t hear you! Let me hear you
make some noise!” People would
start screaming, and Hitler would
jump into the middle of the
semicircle and the crowd would lose
it. Hitler would do his thing while
the guys circled around him,
shouting him on. “Go Hit-ler! Go
Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!” And
because this was hip-hop, the crew
would do that thing where you
shoot your arm out in front of you
with your palm flat, bopping it up

and down to the beat. “Go Hit-ler!
Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!”
We’d have the whole crowd in a
frenzy, a thousand people in the
street chanting along with their
hands in the air. “Go Hit-ler! Go
Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!”
—
Hitler, although an unusual name,
is not unheard-of in South Africa.
Part of it has to do with the way a
lot of black people pick names.
Black people choose their
traditional names with great care;
those are the names that have
deeply personal meanings. But from

colonial times through the days of
apartheid, black people in South
Africa were required to have an
English or European name as well—
a name that white people could
pronounce, basically. So you had
your English name, your traditional
name, and your last name: Patricia
Nombuyiselo Noah. Nine times out
of ten, your European name was
chosen at random, plucked from the
Bible or taken from a Hollywood
celebrity or a famous politician in
the news. I know guys named after
Mussolini and Napoleon. And, of
course, Hitler.
Westerners are shocked and

confused by that, but really it’s a
case of the West reaping what it has
sown. The colonial powers carved
up Africa, put the black man to
work, and did not properly educate
him. White people don’t talk to
black people. So why would black
people know what’s going on in the
white man’s world? Because of that,
many black people in South Africa
don’t really know who Hitler was.
My own grandfather thought “a
hitler” was a kind of army tank that
was helping the Germans win the
war. Because that’s what he took
from what he heard on the news.
For many black South Africans, the

story of the war was that there was
someone called Hitler and he was
the reason the Allies were losing
the war. This Hitler was so powerful
that at some point black people had
to go help white people fight against
him—and if the white man has to
stoop to ask the black man for help
fighting someone, that someone
must be the toughest guy of all
time. So if you want your dog to be
tough, you name your dog Hitler. If
you want your kid to be tough, you
name your kid Hitler. There’s a
good chance you’ve got an uncle
named Hitler. It’s just a thing.
At Sandringham, we were

taught more about World War II
than the typical black kids in the
townships were, but only in a basic
way. We weren’t taught to think
critically about Hitler and anti-
Semitism and the Holocaust. We
weren’t taught, for instance, that
the architects of apartheid were big
fans of Hitler, that the racist
policies they put in place were
inspired, in part, by the racist
policies of the Third Reich. We
weren’t taught how to think about
how Hitler related to the world we
lived in. We weren’t being taught to
think, period. All we were taught
was that in 1939 Hitler invaded

Poland and in 1941 he invaded the
Soviet Union and in 1943 he did
something else. They’re just facts.
Memorize them, write them down
for the test, and forget them.
There is also this to consider:
The name Hitler does not offend a
black South African because Hitler
is not the worst thing a black South
African can imagine. Every country
thinks their history is the most
important, and that’s especially true
in the West. But if black South
Africans could go back in time and
kill one person, Cecil Rhodes would
come up before Hitler. If people in
the Congo could go back in time

and kill one person, Belgium’s King
Leopold would come way before
Hitler. If Native Americans could go
back in time and kill one person, it
would probably be Christopher
Columbus or Andrew Jackson.
I often meet people in the West
who insist that the Holocaust was
the worst atrocity in human history,
without question. Yes, it was
horrific. But I often wonder, with
African atrocities like in the Congo,
how horrific were they? The thing
Africans don’t have that Jewish
people do have is documentation.
The Nazis kept meticulous records,
took pictures, made films. And

that’s really what it comes down to.
Holocaust victims count because
Hitler counted them. Six million
people killed. We can all look at
that number and rightly be
horrified. But when you read
through the history of atrocities
against Africans, there are no
numbers, only guesses. It’s harder
to be horrified by a guess. When
Portugal and Belgium were
plundering Angola and the Congo,
they weren’t counting the black
people they slaughtered. How many
black people died harvesting rubber
in the Congo? In the gold and
diamond mines of the Transvaal?

So in Europe and America, yes,
Hitler is the Greatest Madman in
History. In Africa he’s just another
strongman from the history books.
In all my time hanging out with
Hitler, I never once asked myself,
“Why is his name Hitler?” His
name was Hitler because his mom
named him Hitler.
—
Once Bongani and I added the
dancers to our DJ sets, we blew up.
We called our group the Black and
White Boys. The dancers were
called the Springbok Boys. We
started getting booked everywhere.

Successful black families were
moving to the suburbs, but their
kids still wanted to have block
parties and stay connected to the
culture of the townships, so they’d
book us to play their parties. Word
of mouth traveled. Pretty soon we
were getting booked more and more
in the suburbs, meeting white
people, playing for white people.
One kid we knew from the
township, his mother was involved
in creating cultural programs for
schools. In America they’d be called
“diversity programs.” They were
springing up all over South Africa
because we were supposed to be

learning about and embracing one
another in this post-apartheid era.
This kid’s mom asked us if we
wanted to play at a cultural day at
some school in Linksfield, the
wealthy suburb south of
Sandringham where my pal Teddy
had lived. There was going to be all
sorts of different dancing and
music, and everyone was going to
come together and hang out and be
cultural. She offered to pay, so we
said sure. She sent us the
information with the time and place
and the name of the school: the
King David School. A Jewish school.
The day of the event, we

booked a minibus, loaded it up with
our gear, and drove over. Once we
arrived we waited in the back of the
school’s assembly hall and watched
the acts that went onstage before
us, different groups took their turns
performing, flamenco dancers,
Greek dancers, traditional Zulu
musicians. Then we were up. We
were billed as the Hip Hop Pantsula
Dancers—the South African B-Boys.
We set up our sound system
onstage. I looked out, and the whole
hall was nothing but Jewish kids in
their yarmulkes, ready to party.
I got on the mic. “Are you ready
to rock out?!”

“Yeahhhhhh!”
“Make some noise!”
“Yeahhhhhh!”
I started playing. The bass was
bumping, my crew was dancing, and
everyone was having a great time.
The teachers, the chaperones, the
parents, hundreds of kids—they
were all dancing like crazy. Our set
was scheduled for fifteen minutes,
and at the ten-minute mark came
the moment for me to play “Let’s
Get Dirty,” bring out my star
dancer, and shut shit down.
I started the song, the dancers
fanned out in their semicircle, and I
got on the mic.

“Are you guys ready?!”
“Yeahhhhhh!”
“You guys are not ready! Are
you ready?!”
“Yeeeaaahhhhhhhh!”
“All right! Give it up and make
some noise for
HIIIIIITTTTLLLLEERRRRR-
RRRRR!!!”
Hitler jumped out to the
middle of the circle and started
killing it. The guys around him were
all chanting, “Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-
ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!” They
had their arms out in front of them,
bouncing to the rhythm. “Go Hit-
ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-

ler!” And I was right there on the
mic leading them along. “Go Hit-
ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-
ler!”
The whole room stopped. No
one was dancing. The teachers, the
chaperones, the parents, the
hundreds of Jewish kids in their
yarmulkes—they froze and stared
aghast at us up on the stage. I was
oblivious. So was Hitler. We kept
going. For a good thirty seconds the
only sound in the room was the
beat of the music and me on the
mic yelling, “Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!
Go Hit-ler! Put your hands in the
air for Hitler, yo!”

A teacher ran up behind me
and yanked the plug for my system
out of the wall. The hall went dead
silent, and she turned on me and
she was livid. “How dare you?! This
is disgusting! You horrible,
disgusting vile creature! How dare
you?!”
My mind was racing, trying to
figure out what she was talking
about. Then it clicked. Hitler had a
special dance move called o spana
va. It means “where you work” and
it was very sexual: His hips would
gyrate and thrust, like he was
fucking the air. That was the move
he was doing at the moment the

teacher ran out, so clearly the dance
was the thing she found so
disgusting. But this was a move that
African people do all the time. It’s a
part of our culture. Here we were
sharing our culture for a cultural
day, and this woman was calling us
disgusting. She was offended, and I
was offended by her taking offense.
“Lady,” I said, “I think you need
to calm down.”
“I will not calm down! How
dare you come here and insult us?!”
“This is not insulting anyone.
This is who we are!”
“Get out of here! You people
are disgusting.”

And there it was. You people.
Now I saw what the deal was: This
lady was racist. She couldn’t see
black men dancing suggestively and
not get pissed off. As I started
packing up my gear, we kept
arguing.
“Listen, lady. We’re free now.
We’re gonna do what we’re gonna
do. You can’t stop us.”
“I’ll have you know that my
people stopped people like you
before, and we can stop you again.”
She was talking, of course,
about stopping the Nazis in World
War II, but that’s not what I was
hearing. Jews in South Africa are

just white people. All I was hearing
was some white lady shouting
about how white people beat us
before and they’ll beat us again. I
said, “You will never stop us again,
lady”—and here’s where I played
the trump card—“You’ll never stop
us, because now we have Nelson
Mandela on our side! And he told
us we can do this!”
“What?!”
She was so confused. I’d had it.
I started cussing her out. “Fuck you,
lady. Fuck your program. Fuck your
school. Fuck your whole people.
Let’s go, guys! We’re out!”
We didn’t walk out of that

school. We danced out. We danced
down the street pumping our fists
in the air. “Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!
Go Hit-ler! Go Hit-ler!” Because
Hitler had shut shit down. Hitler
had the most gangster dance moves
ever, and those white people didn’t
know what hit them.

A lexandra was a farm originally
named for th e wife of th e wh ite
man wh o owned it. Like
Soph iatown and oth er black spots
popu lating wh ite areas before
aparth eid, Alex started ou t as a
squ atter settlement wh ere blacks
gath ered and lived wh en coming to
Joh annesbu rg to find work. Wh at
was u niqu e abou t Alex is th at th is
farmer sold plots of land to some of
th e black tenants in th e time before
it was illegal for blacks to own
property. So wh ile Soph iatown and
oth er black gh ettos were razed and
rebu ilt as wh ite su bu rbs, Alex

fou gh t and h eld on and asserted its
righ t to exist. Wealth y wh ite
su bu rbs like Sandton grew arou nd
it, bu t Alex remained. More
squ atters came and more squ atters
came, pu tting u p makesh ift sh acks
and sh anties. Th ey look like th e
slu ms in Mu mbai or th e favelas in
Brazil. Th e first time I saw th e
favelas in Rio I said, “Yeah , th at’s
Alexandra, bu t on a h ill.”
Soweto was beau tifu l becau se,
after democracy, you watch ed
Soweto grow. Soweto h as become a
proper city u nto itself. People went
from th ree-room h ou ses to five-
room h ou ses to th ree-bedroom
h ou ses with garages. Th ere was
room to grow becau se th e piece of
land from th e government gave you
someth ing to bu ild on. Alexandra

can’t do th at. Alex can’t get any
bigger, becau se it’s pinned in on all
sides, and it can’t bu ild u p,
becau se it’s mostly sh acks.
Wh en democracy came, people
flooded into Alex from th e
h omelands, bu ilding new sh acks in
th e backyards of oth er sh acks with
still more sh acks attach ed to th e
backside of th ose sh acks, growing
more dense and more compressed,
leaving close to 200,000 people
living in a few squ are kilometers.
Even if you go back today, Alex
h asn’t ch anged. I t can’t ch ange.
I t’s ph ysically impossible for it to
ch ange. I t can only be wh at it is.

THE CHEESE BOYS
My friend Bongani was a short,
bald, super-buff guy. He wasn’t
always that way. His whole life he’d
been skinny, and then a
bodybuilding magazine found its
way into his hands and changed his
life. Bongani was one of those
people who brought out the best in

everybody. He was that friend who
believed in you and saw the
potential in you that nobody else
did, which was why so many of the
township kids gravitated toward
him, and why I gravitated toward
him as well. Bongani was always
popular, but his reputation really
took off when he beat up one of the
more infamous bullies in the
school. That cemented his status as
sort of the leader and protector of
the township kids.
Bongani lived in Alex, but I
never visited him there while we
were still in school; he’d always
come to my house in Highlands

North. I’d been to Alex a few times,
for brief visits, but I’d never spent
any real time there. I’d never been
there at night, let’s put it that way.
Going to Alex during the day is
different from going there at night.
The place was nicknamed
Gomorrah for a reason.
One day after school, not long
before we matriculated, Bongani
walked up to me on the quad.
“Hey, let’s go to the hood,” he
said.
“The hood?”
At first I had no idea what he
was talking about. I knew the word
“hood” from rap songs, and I knew

the different townships where black
people lived, but I had never used
the one to describe the other.
The walls of apartheid were
coming down just as American hip-
hop was blowing up, and hip-hop
made it cool to be from the hood.
Before, living in a township was
something to be ashamed of; it was
the bottom of the bottom. Then we
had movies like Boyz n the Hood
and Menace II Society, and they
made the hood look cool. The
characters in those movies, in the
songs, they owned it. Kids in the
townships started doing the same,
wearing their identity as a badge of

honor: You were no longer from the
township—you were from the hood.
Being from Alex gave you way more
street cred than living in Highlands
North. So when Bongani said, “Let’s
go to the hood,” I was curious about
what he meant. I wanted to find out
more.
—
When Bongani took me to Alex we
entered as most people do, from the
Sandton side. You ride through one
of the richest neighborhoods in
Johannesburg, past palatial
mansions and huge money. Then
you go through the industrial belt

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

of Wynberg that cordons off the
rich and white from the poor and
black. At the entrance to Alex
there’s the huge minibus rank and
the bus station. It’s the same
bustling, chaotic third-world
marketplace you see in James Bond
and Jason Bourne movies. It’s
Grand Central Station but outdoors.
Everything’s dynamic. Everything’s
in motion. Nothing feels like it was
there yesterday, and nothing feels
like it will be there tomorrow, but
every day it looks exactly the same.
Right next to the minibus rank,
of course, is a KFC. That’s one thing
about South Africa: There’s always

a KFC. KFC found the black people.
KFC did not play games. They were
in the hood before McDonald’s,
before Burger King, before anyone.
KFC was like, “Yo, we’re here for
you.”
Once you go past the minibus
rank, you’re in Alex proper. I’ve
been in few places where there’s an
electricity like there is in Alex. It’s a
hive of constant human activity, all
day long, people coming and going,
gangsters hustling, guys on the
corner doing nothing, kids running
around. There’s nowhere for all that
energy to go, no mechanism for it to
dissipate, so it erupts periodically in

epic acts of violence and crazy
parties. One minute it’ll be a placid
afternoon, people hanging out,
doing their thing, and next thing
you know there’s a cop car chasing
gangsters, flying through the
streets, a gun battle going off,
helicopters circling overhead. Then,
ten minutes later, it’s like it never
happened—everyone’s back to
hanging out, back to the hustle,
coming and going, running around.
Alex is laid out on a grid, a
series of avenues. The streets are
paved, but the sidewalks are mostly
dirt. The color scheme is cinder
block and corrugated iron, gray and

dark gray, punctuated by bright
splashes of color. Someone’s
painted a wall lime green, or there’s
a bright-red sign above a takeaway
shop, or maybe somebody’s picked
up a bright-blue piece of sheet
metal just by luck. There’s little in
the way of basic sanitation. Trash is
everywhere, typically a garbage fire
going down some side street.
There’s always something burning
in the hood.
As you walk, there’s every
smell you can imagine. People are
cooking, eating takeaways in the
streets. Some family has a shack
that’s jury-rigged onto the back of

someone else’s shack, and they
don’t have any running water, so
they’ve bathed in a bucket from the
outdoor tap and then dumped the
dirty water in the street, where it
runs into the river of sewerage
that’s already there because the
water system has backed up again.
There’s a guy fixing cars who thinks
he knows what he’s doing, but he
doesn’t. He’s dumping old motor oil
into the street, and now the oil is
combining with the dirty bathwater
to make a river of filth running
down the street. There’s probably a
goat hanging around—there’s
always a goat. As you’re walking,

sound washes over you, the steady
thrum of human activity, people
talking in a dozen different
languages, chatting, haggling,
arguing. There’s music playing
constantly. You’ve got traditional
South African music coming from
one corner, someone blasting Dolly
Parton from the next corner, and
somebody driving past pumping the
Notorious B.I.G.
The hood was a complete
sensory overload for me, but within
the chaos there was order, a system,
a social hierarchy based on where
you lived. First Avenue was not cool
at all because it was right next to

the commotion of the minibus
rank. Second Avenue was nice
because it had semi-houses that
were built when there was still
some sort of formal settlement
going on. Third, Fourth, and Fifth
Avenues were nicer—for the
township. These were the
established families, the old money.
Then from Sixth Avenue on down it
got really shitty, more shacks and
shanties. There were some schools,
a few soccer fields. There were a
couple of hostels, giant projects
built by the government for housing
migrant workers. You never wanted
to go there. That’s where the

serious gangsters were. You only
went there if you needed to buy an
AK-47.
After Twentieth Avenue you hit
the Jukskei River, and on the far
side of that, across the Roosevelt
Street Bridge, was East Bank, the
newest, nicest part of the hood. East
Bank was where the government
had gone in, cleared out the
squatters and their shacks, and
started to build actual homes. It
was still low-income housing, but
decent two-bedroom houses with
tiny yards. The families who lived
there had a bit of money and
usually sent their kids out of the

hood to better schools, like
Sandringham. Bongani’s parents
lived in East Bank, at the corner of
Roosevelt and Springbok Crescent,
and after walking from the minibus
rank through the hood, we wound
up there, hanging around outside
his house on the low brick wall
down the middle of Springbok
Crescent, doing nothing, shooting
the shit. I didn’t know it then, but I
was about to spend the next three
years of my life hanging out at that
very spot.
—
I graduated from high school when

I was seventeen, and by that point
life at home had become toxic
because of my stepfather. I didn’t
want to be there anymore, and my
mom agreed that I should move
out. She helped me move to a
cheap, roach-infested flat in a
building down the road. My plan,
insofar as I had one, was to go to
university to be a computer
programmer, but we couldn’t afford
the tuition. I needed to make
money. The only way I knew how to
make money was selling pirated
CDs, and one of the best places to
sell CDs was in the hood, because
that’s where the minibus rank was.

Minibus drivers were always
looking for new songs because
having good music was something
they used to attract customers.
Another nice thing about the
hood was that it’s super cheap. You
can get by on next to nothing.
There’s a meal you can get in the
hood called a kota. It’s a quarter
loaf of bread. You scrape out the
bread, then you fill it with fried
potatoes, a slice of baloney, and
some pickled mango relish called
achar. That costs a couple of rand.
The more money you have, the
more upgrades you can buy. If you
have a bit more money you can

throw in a hot dog. If you have a bit
more than that, you can throw in a
proper sausage, like a bratwurst, or
maybe a fried egg. The biggest one,
with all the upgrades, is enough to
feed three people.
For us, the ultimate upgrade
was to throw on a slice of cheese.
Cheese was always the thing
because it was so expensive. Forget
the gold standard—the hood
operated on the cheese standard.
Cheese on anything was money. If
you got a burger, that was cool, but
if you got a cheeseburger, that
meant you had more money than a
guy who just got a hamburger.

Cheese on a sandwich, cheese in
your fridge, that meant you were
living the good life. In any township
in South Africa, if you had a bit of
money, people would say, “Oh,
you’re a cheese boy.” In essence:
You’re not really hood because your
family has enough money to buy
cheese.
In Alex, because Bongani and
his crew lived in East Bank, they
were considered cheese boys.
Ironically, because they lived on the
first street just over the river, they
were looked down on as the scruff
of East Bank and the kids in the
nicer houses higher up in East Bank

were the cheesier cheese boys.
Bongani and his crew would never
admit to being cheese boys. They
would insist, “We’re not cheese.
We’re hood.” But then the real hood
guys would say, “Eh, you’re not
hood. You’re cheese.” “We’re not
cheese,” Bongani’s guys would say,
pointing further up East Bank.
“They’re cheese.” It was all a bunch
of ridiculous posturing about who
was hood and who was cheese.
Bongani was the leader of his
crew, the guy who got everyone
together and got things moving.
Then there was Mzi, Bongani’s
henchman. Small guy, just wanted

to tag along, be in the mix. Bheki
was the drinks man, always finding
us booze and always coming up
with an excuse to drink. Then there
was Kakoatse. We called him G. Mr.
Nice Guy. All G was interested in
was women. If women were in the
mix, he was in the game. Then,
finally, there was Hitler, the life of
the party. Hitler just wanted to
dance.
Cheese boys were in a uniquely
fucked situation when apartheid
ended. It is one thing to be born in
the hood and know that you will
never leave the hood. But the
cheese boy has been shown the

world outside. His family has done
okay. They have a house. They’ve
sent him to a decent school; maybe
he’s even matriculated. He has been
given more potential, but he has not
been given more opportunity. He
has been given an awareness of the
world that is out there, but he has
not been given the means to reach
it.
The unemployment rate,
technically speaking, was “lower” in
South Africa during apartheid,
which makes sense. There was
slavery—that’s how everyone was
employed. When democracy came,
everyone had to be paid a minimum

wage. The cost of labor went up,
and suddenly millions of people
were out of work. The
unemployment rate for young black
men post-apartheid shot up,
sometimes as high as 50 percent.
What happens to a lot of guys is
they finish high school and they
can’t afford university, and even
little retail jobs can be hard to come
by when you’re from the hood and
you look and talk a certain way. So,
for many young men in South
Africa’s townships, freedom looks
like this: Every morning they wake
up, maybe their parents go to work
or maybe not. Then they go outside

and chill on the corner the whole
day, talking shit. They’re free,
they’ve been taught how to fish, but
no one will give them a fishing rod.
—
One of the first things I learned in
the hood is that there is a very fine
line between civilian and criminal.
We like to believe we live in a world
of good guys and bad guys, and in
the suburbs it’s easy to believe that,
because getting to know a career
criminal in the suburbs is a difficult
thing. But then you go to the hood
and you see there are so many
shades in between.

In the hood, gangsters were
your friends and neighbors. You
knew them. You talked to them on
the corner, saw them at parties.
They were a part of your world. You
knew them from before they
became gangsters. It wasn’t, “Hey,
that’s a crack dealer.” It was, “Oh,
little Jimmy’s selling crack now.”
The weird thing about these
gangsters was that they were all, at
a glance, identical. They drove the
same red sports car. They dated the
same beautiful eighteen-year-old
girls. It was strange. It was like they
didn’t have personalities; they
shared a personality. One could be

the other, and the other could be
the one. They’d each studied how to
be that gangster.
In the hood, even if you’re not
a hardcore criminal, crime is in
your life in some way or another.
There are degrees of it. It’s
everyone from the mom buying
some food that fell off the back of a
truck to feed her family, all the way
up to the gangs selling military-
grade weapons and hardware. The
hood made me realize that crime
succeeds because crime does the
one thing the government doesn’t
do: crime cares. Crime is grassroots.
Crime looks for the young kids who

need support and a lifting hand.
Crime offers internship programs
and summer jobs and opportunities
for advancement. Crime gets
involved in the community. Crime
doesn’t discriminate.
My life of crime started off
small, selling pirated CDs on the
corner. That in itself was a crime,
and today I feel like I owe all these
artists money for stealing their
music, but by hood standards it
didn’t even qualify as illegal. At the
time it never occurred to any of us
that we were doing anything wrong
—if copying CDs is wrong, why
would they make CD writers?

The garage of Bongani’s house
opened up onto Springbok Cresent.
Every morning we’d open the doors,
run an extension cord out into the
street, set up a table, and play
music. People would walk by and
ask, “What is that? Can I get one,
please?” Our corner was also where
a lot of minibus drivers ended their
routes and turned around to loop
back to the minibus rank. They’d
swing by, place an order, come back,
pick it up. Swing by, place an order,
come back, pick it up. We spent our
whole day running out to them,
going back to the garage to make
more mixes, and going back out to

sell. There was a converted shipping
container around the corner where
we’d hang out when we got tired of
the wall. It had a pay phone
installed inside that we’d use to call
people. When things were slow
we’d wander back and forth
between the container and the wall,
talking and hanging out with the
other people with nothing to do in
the middle of the day. We’d talk to
drug dealers, talk to gangsters.
Every now and then the cops would
come crashing through. A day in the
life of the hood. Next day, same
thing.
Selling slowly evolved into

hustling because Bongani saw all
the angles and knew how to exploit
them. Like Tom, Bongani was a
hustler. But where Tom was only
about the short con, Bongani had
schemes: If we do this, we get that,
then we can flip that for the other
thing, which gives us the leverage
we need to get something bigger.
Some minibus drivers couldn’t pay
up front, for example. “I don’t have
the money, because I’ve just started
my shift,” they’d say. “But I need
new music. Can I owe you guys
some form of credit? I’ll owe you a
ride. I’ll pay you at the end of my
shift, at the end of the week?” So we

started letting drivers buy on credit,
charging them a bit of interest.
We started making more
money. Never more than a few
hundred, maybe a thousand rand at
a time, but it was all cash on hand.
Bongani was quick to realize the
position we were in. Cash is the one
thing everyone in the hood needs.
Everyone’s looking for a short-term
loan for something, to pay a bill or
pay a fine or just hold things
together. People started coming to
us and asking for money. Bongani
would cut a deal, and then he’d
come to me. “Yo, we’re going to
make a deal with this guy. We’re

going to loan him a hundred, and
he’s going to give us back one-
twenty at the end of the week.” I’d
say okay. Then the guy would come
back and give us 120 rand. Then we
did it again. Then we did it some
more. We started to double our
money, then triple our money.
Cash gave us leverage in the
hood’s barter economy as well. It’s
common knowledge that if you’re
standing at a corner of a main street
in the hood, somebody’s going to
try to sell you something. “Yo, yo,
yo, man. You want some weed?”
“You wanna buy a VCR?” “You
wanna buy a DVD player?” “Yo, I’m

selling a TV.” That’s just how it
works.
Let’s say we see two guys
haggling on the corner, a crackhead
trying to sell a DVD player and
some working dude who wants it
but doesn’t have the money because
he hasn’t got his wages yet. They’re
going back and forth, but the
crackhead wants the money now.
Crackheads don’t wait. There’s no
layaway plan with a crackhead. So
Bongani steps in and takes the
working guy aside.
“Look, I understand you can’t
pay for the DVD player now,”
Bongani says. “But how much are

you willing to pay for it?”
“I’ll pay one-twenty,” he says.
“Okay, cool.”
Then Bongani takes the
crackhead aside.
“How much do you want for
the DVD player?”
“I want one-forty.”
“Okay, listen. You’re a
crackhead. This is a stolen DVD
player. I’m going to give you fifty.”
The crackhead protests a bit,
but then he takes the money
because he’s a crackhead and it’s
cash and crack is all about the now.
Then Bongani goes back to the

working guy.
“All right. We’ll do one-twenty.
Here’s your DVD player. It’s yours.”
“But I don’t have the one-
twenty.”
“It’s cool. You can take it now,
only instead of one-twenty you give
us one-forty when you get your
wages.”
“Okay.”
So now we’ve invested 50 rand
with the crackhead and that gets us
140 from the working guy. But
Bongani would see a way to flip it
and grow it again. Let’s say this guy
who bought the DVD player worked
at a shoe store.

“How much do you pay for a
pair of Nikes with your staff
discount?” Bongani would ask.
“I can get a pair of Nikes for
one-fifty.”
“Okay, instead of you giving us
one-forty, we’ll give you ten and
you get us a pair of Nikes with your
discount.”
So now this guy’s walking away
with a DVD player and 10 rand in
his pocket. He’s feeling like he got a
good deal. He brings us the Nikes
and then we go to one of the
cheesier cheese boys up in East
Bank and we say, “Yo, dude, we
know you want the new Jordans.

They’re three hundred in the shops.
We’ll sell them to you for two
hundred.” We sell him the shoes,
and now we’ve gone and turned 60
rand into 200.
That’s the hood. Someone’s
always buying, someone’s always
selling, and the hustle is about
trying to be in the middle of that
whole thing. None of it was legal.
Nobody knew where anything came
from. The guy who got us Nikes, did
he really have a “staff discount”?
You don’t know. You don’t ask. It’s
just, “Hey, look what I found” and
“Cool, how much do you want?”
That’s the international code.

At first I didn’t know not to
ask. I remember one time we
bought a car stereo or something
like that.
“But who did this belong to?” I
said.
“Eh, don’t worry about it,” one
of the guys told me. “White people
have insurance.”
“Insurance?”
“Yeah, when white people lose
stuff they have insurance policies
that pay them cash for what they’ve
lost, so it’s like they’ve lost
nothing.”
“Oh, okay,” I said. “Sounds
nice.”

And that was as far as we ever
thought about it: When white
people lose stuff they get money,
just another nice perk of being
white.
It’s easy to be judgmental
about crime when you live in a
world wealthy enough to be
removed from it. But the hood
taught me that everyone has
different notions of right and
wrong, different definitions of what
constitutes crime, and what level of
crime they’re willing to participate
in. If a crackhead comes through
and he’s got a crate of Corn Flakes
boxes he’s stolen out of the back of

a supermarket, the poor mom isn’t
thinking, I’m aiding and abetting a
criminal by buying these Corn
Flakes. No. She’s thinking, My
family needs food and this guy has
Corn Flakes, and she buys the Corn
Flakes.
My own mother, my super-
religious, law-abiding mother who
used to shit on me about breaking
the rules and learning to behave, I’ll
never forget one day I came home
and in the kitchen was a giant box
of frozen burger patties, like two
hundred of them, from a takeaway
place called Black Steer. A burger at
Black Steer cost at least 20 rand.

“What the hell is this?” I said.
“Oh, some guy at work had
these and was selling them,” she
said. “I got a great discount.”
“But where did he get it from?”
“I don’t know. He said he knew
somebody who—”
“Mom, he stole it.”
“We don’t know that.”
“We do know that. Where the
hell is some guy going to get all of
these burger patties from,
randomly?”
Of course, we ate the burgers.
Then we thanked God for the meal.
When Bongani first said to me,

“Let’s go to the hood,” I thought we
were going to sell CDs and DJ
parties in the hood. It turned out
that we were selling CDs and DJing
parties in order to capitalize a
payday-lending and pawnshop
operation in the hood. Very quickly
that became our core business.
Every day in the hood was the
same. I’d wake up early. Bongani
would meet me at my flat and we’d
catch a minibus to Alex with my
computer, carrying the giant tower
and the giant, heavy monitor the
whole way. We’d set it up in
Bongani’s garage, and start the first
batch of CDs. Then we’d walk. We’d

go down to the corner of
Nineteenth and Roosevelt for
breakfast. When you’re trying to
stretch your money, food is where
you have to be careful. You have to
plan or you’ll eat your profits. So
every morning for breakfast we eat
vetkoek, which is fried dough,
basically. Those were cheap, like 50
cents a pop. We could buy a bunch
of those and have enough energy to
sustain us until later on in the day.
Then we’d sit on the corner and
eat. While we ate, we’d be picking
up orders from the minibus drivers
as they went past. After that we’d go
back to Bongani’s garage, listen to

music, lift weights, make the CDs.
Around ten or eleven, the drivers
would start coming back from their
morning routes. We’d take the CDs
and head out to the corner for them
to pick up their stuff. Then we’d
just be on the corner, hanging out,
meeting characters, seeing who
came by, seeing where the day was
going to take us. A guy needs this. A
guy’s selling that. You never knew
what it was going to be.
There was always a big rush of
business at lunch. We’d be all over
Alexandra, hitting different shops
and corners, making deals with
everyone. We’d get free rides from

the minibus drivers because we’d
hop in with them and use it as an
opportunity to talk about what
music they needed, but secretly we
were riding with the guy for free.
“Hey, we want to collect orders.
We’ll talk to you while you drive.
What do you need? What music are
you looking for? Do you need the
new Maxwell? Okay, we got the new
Maxwell. Okay, we’ll talk to you
later. We’ll jump out here.” Then
we’d hop on another ride going
wherever we were going next.
After lunch, business would die
down, and that’s when we’d get our
lunch, usually the cheapest thing

we could afford, like a smiley with
some maize meal. A smiley is a
goat’s head. They’re boiled and
covered with chili pepper. We call
them smileys because when you’re
done eating all the meat off it, the
goat looks like it’s smiling at you
from the plate. The cheeks and the
tongue are quite delicious, but the
eyes are disgusting. They pop in
your mouth. You put the eyeball
into your mouth and you bite it, and
it’s just a ball of pus that pops. It
has no crunch. It has no chew. It
has no flavor that is appetizing in
any way.
After lunch we’d head back to

the garage, relax, sleep off the meal,
and make more CDs. In the
afternoons we’d see a lot of moms.
Moms loved us. They were some of
our best customers. Since moms
run the household, they’re the ones
looking to buy that box of soap that
fell off the back of the truck, and
they were more likely to buy it from
us than from some crackhead.
Dealing with crackheads is
unpleasant. We were upstanding,
well-spoken East Bank boys. We
could even charge a premium
because we added that layer of
respectability to the transaction.
Moms are also often the most in

need of short-term loans, to pay for
this or that for the family. Again,
they’d rather deal with us than with
some gangster loan shark. Moms
knew we weren’t going to break
anyone’s legs if they couldn’t pay.
We didn’t believe in that. Also we
weren’t capable of it—let’s not
forget that part. But that’s where
Bongani’s brilliance came in. He
always knew what a person could
provide pending their failure to pay.
We made some of the craziest
trades. Moms in the hood are
protective of their daughters,
especially if their daughters are
pretty. In Alex there were girls who

got locked up. They went to school,
came straight home, and went
straight into the house. They
weren’t allowed to leave. Boys
weren’t allowed to talk to them,
weren’t even allowed to hang
around the house—none of that.
Some guy was always going on
about some locked-away girl: “She’s
so beautiful. I’ll do anything to get
with her.” But he couldn’t. Nobody
could.
Then that mom would need a
loan. Once we lent her the money,
until she paid us back she couldn’t
chase us away from her house.
We’d go by and hang out, chat,

make small talk. The daughter
would be right there, but the mom
couldn’t say, “Don’t talk to those
boys!” The loan gave us access to
establish a relationship with the
mom. We’d get invited to stay for
dinner. Once the mom knew we
were nice, upstanding guys, she’d
agree to let us take her daughter to
a party as long as we promised to
get her home safely. So then we’d
go to the guy who’d been so
desperate to meet the daughter.
“Hey, let’s make a deal. We’ll
bring the girl to your party and you
get to hang out with her. How much
can you give us?”

“I don’t have money,” he’d say,
“but I have some cases of beer.”
“Okay, so tonight we’re going
to this party. You give us two cases
of beer for the party.”
“Cool.”
Then we’d go to the party. We’d
invite the girl, who was usually
thrilled to escape her mother’s
prison. The guy would bring the
beer, he’d get to hang out with the
girl, we’d write off the mom’s debt
to show her our gratitude, and we’d
make our money back selling the
beer. There was always a way to
make it work. And often that was
the most fun part: working the

angles, solving the puzzle, seeing
what goes where, who needs what,
whom we can connect with who can
then get us the money.
At the peak of our operation we
probably had around 10,000 rand in
capital. We had loans going out and
interest coming in. We had our
stockpile of Jordans and DVD
players we’d bought to resell. We
also had to buy blank CDs, hire
minibuses to go to our DJ gigs, feed
five guys three times a day. We kept
track of everything on the
computer. Having lived in my
mom’s world, I knew how to do
spreadsheets. We had a Microsoft

Excel document laid out:
everybody’s name, how much they
owed, when they paid, when they
didn’t pay.
After work was when business
started to pick up. Minibus drivers
picking up one last order, men
coming home from work. The men
weren’t looking for soap and Corn
Flakes. They wanted the gear—DVD
players, CD players, PlayStation
games. More guys would come
through selling stuff, too, because
they’d been out hustling and
stealing all day. There’d be a guy
selling a cellphone, a guy selling
some leather jackets, a guy selling

shoes. There was this one dude who
looked like a black version of Mr.
Burns from The Simpsons. He’d
always come by at the end of his
shift with the most random useless
crap, like an electric toothbrush
without the charger. One time he
brought us an electric razor.
“What the hell is this?”
“It’s an electric razor?”
“An electric razor? We’re black.
Do you know what these things do
to our skin? Do you see anyone
around here who can use an electric
razor?”
We never knew where he was
getting this stuff from. Because you

don’t ask. Eventually we pieced it
together, though: He worked at the
airport. It was all crap he was
boosting from people’s luggage.
Slowly the rush would start to
taper off and we’d wind down. We’d
make our last collections, go over
our CD stock, balance our accounts.
If there was a party to DJ that night
we’d start getting ready for that.
Otherwise, we’d buy a few beers
and sit around and drink, talk about
the day, listen to the gunshots in
the distance. Gunshots went off
every night, and we’d always try to
guess what kind of gun it was.
“That’s a nine-millimeter.” Usually

there’d be a police chase, cop cars
flying through after some guy with
a stolen car. Then everyone would
go home for dinner with their
families. I’d take my computer, get
back in a minibus, ride home, sleep,
and then come back and do it all
again the next day.
—
A year passed. Then two. I had
stopped planning for school, and
was no closer to having the money
to enroll.
The tricky thing about the hood
is that you’re always working,
working, working, and you feel like

something’s happening, but really
nothing’s happening at all. I was
out there every day from seven a.m.
to seven p.m., and every day it was:
How do we turn ten rand into
twenty? How do we turn twenty
into fifty? How do I turn fifty into a
hundred? At the end of the day we’d
spend it on food and maybe some
beers, and then we’d go home and
come back and it was: How do we
turn ten into twenty? How do we
turn twenty into fifty? It was a
whole day’s work to flip that
money. You had to be walking, be
moving, be thinking. You had to get
to a guy, find a guy, meet a guy.

There were many days we’d end up
back at zero, but I always felt like
I’d been very productive.
Hustling is to work what
surfing the Internet is to reading. If
you add up how much you read in a
year on the Internet—tweets,
Facebook posts, lists—you’ve read
the equivalent of a shit ton of
books, but in fact you’ve read no
books in a year. When I look back
on it, that’s what hustling was. It’s
maximal effort put into minimal
gain. It’s a hamster wheel. If I’d put
all that energy into studying I’d
have earned an MBA. Instead I was
majoring in hustling, something no

university would give me a degree
for.
When I first went into Alex, I
was drawn by the electricity and the
excitement of it, but more
important, I was accepted there,
more so than I’d been in high
school or anywhere else. When I
first showed up, a couple of people
raised an eyebrow. “Who’s this
colored kid?” But the hood doesn’t
judge. If you want to be there, you
can be there. Because I didn’t live in
the hood I was technically an
outsider in the hood, but for the
first time in my life I didn’t feel like
one.

The hood is also a low-stress,
comfortable life. All your mental
energy goes into getting by, so you
don’t have to ask yourself any of the
big questions. Who am I? Who am I
supposed to be? Am I doing
enough? In the hood you can be a
forty-year-old man living in your
mom’s house asking people for
money and it’s not looked down on.
You never feel like a failure in the
hood, because someone’s always
worse off than you, and you don’t
feel like you need to do more,
because the biggest success isn’t
that much higher than you, either.
It allows you to exist in a state of

suspended animation.
The hood has a wonderful
sense of community to it as well.
Everyone knows everyone, from the
crackhead all the way through to
the policeman. People take care of
one another. The way it works in
the hood is that if any mom asks
you to do something, you have to
say yes. “Can I send you?” is the
phrase. It’s like everyone’s your
mom, and you’re everyone’s kid.
“Can I send you?”
“Yeah, whaddya need?”
“I need you to go buy milk and
bread.”
“Yeah, cool.”

Then she gives you some
money and you go buy milk and
bread. As long as you aren’t busy
and it doesn’t cost you anything,
you don’t say no.
The biggest thing in the hood is
that you have to share. You can’t get
rich on your own. You have money?
Why aren’t you helping people? The
old lady on the block needs help,
everyone pitches in. You’re buying
beer, you buy beer for everyone.
You spread it around. Everyone
must know that your success
benefits the community in one way
or another, or you become a target.
The township polices itself as

well. If someone’s caught stealing,
the township deals with them. If
someone’s caught breaking into a
house, the township deals with
them. If you’re caught raping a
woman, pray to God the police find
you before the township does. If a
woman is being hit, people don’t get
involved. There are too many
questions with a beating. What’s
the fight about? Who’s responsible?
Who started it? But rape is rape.
Theft is theft. You’ve desecrated the
community.
The hood was strangely
comforting, but comfort can be
dangerous. Comfort provides a floor

but also a ceiling. In our crew, our
friend G was like the rest of us,
unemployed, hanging out. Then he
got a job at a nice clothing store.
Every morning he went to work,
and the guys would tease him about
going to work. We’d see him headed
out all dressed up, and everyone
would be laughing at him. “Oh, G,
look at you in your fancy clothes!”
“Oh, G, going to go see the white
man today, huh?” “Oh, G, don’t
forget to bring some books back
from the library!”
One morning, after a month of
G working at the place, we were
hanging out on the wall, and G

came out in his slippers and his
socks. He wasn’t dressed for work.
“Yo, G, what’s going on?
What’s up with the job?”
“Oh, I don’t work there
anymore.”
“Why?”
“They accused me of stealing
something and I got fired.”
And I’ll never forget thinking to
myself that it felt like he did it on
purpose. He sabotaged himself so
that he’d get accepted back into the
group again.
The hood has a gravitational
pull. It never leaves you behind, but

it also never lets you leave. Because
by making the choice to leave,
you’re insulting the place that
raised you and made you and never
turned you away. And that place
fights you back.
As soon as things start going
well for you in the hood, it’s time to
go. Because the hood will drag you
back in. It will find a way. There will
be a guy who steals a thing and puts
it in your car and the cops find it—
something. You can’t stay. You
think you can. You’ll start doing
better and you’ll bring your hood
friends out to a nice club, and the
next thing you know somebody

starts a fight and one of your
friends pulls a gun and somebody’s
getting shot and you’re left standing
around going, “What just
happened?”
The hood happened.
—
One night I was DJ’ing a party, not
in Alex but right outside Alex in
Lombardy East, a nicer, middle-
class black neighborhood. The
police were called about the noise.
They came busting in wearing riot
gear and pointing machine guns.
That’s how our police roll. We don’t
have small and then big. What

Americans call SWAT is just our
regular police. They came looking
for the source of the music, and the
music was coming from me. This
one cop came over to where I was
with my computer and pulled this
massive assault rifle on me.
“You gotta shut this down right
now.”
“Okay, okay,” I said. “I’m
shutting it down.”
But I was running Windows 95.
Windows 95 took forever to shut
down. I was closing windows,
shutting down programs. I had one
of those fat Seagate drives that
damaged easily, and I didn’t want to

cut the power and possibly damage
the drive. This cop clearly didn’t
give a fuck about any of that.
“Shut it down! Shut it down!”
“I am! I’m shutting it down! I
have to close the programs!”
The crowd was getting angry,
and the cop was getting nervous. He
turned his gun away from me and
shot the computer. Only he clearly
didn’t know anything about
computers because he shot the
monitor. The monitor exploded but
the music kept playing. Now there
was chaos—music blaring and
everyone running and panicking
because of the gunshot. I yanked

the power cord out of the tower to
shut the thing down. Then the cops
started firing tear gas into the
crowd.
The tear gas had nothing to do
with me or the music. Tear gas is
just what the police use to shut
down parties in black
neighborhoods, like the club
turning on the lights to tell
everyone to go home.
I lost the hard drive. Even
though the cop shot the monitor
the explosion somehow fried the
thing. The computer would still
boot up, but it couldn’t read the
drive. My music library was gone.

Even if I’d had the money for a new
hard drive, it had taken me years to
amass the music collection. There
was no way to replace it. The DJ’ing
business was over. The CD-selling
business was done. All of a sudden
our crew lost its main revenue
stream. All we had left was the
hustle, and we hustled even harder,
taking the bit of cash we had on
hand and trying to double it, buying
this to flip it for that. We started
eating into our savings, and in less
than a month we were running on
dust.
Then, one evening after work,
our friend from the airport, the

black Mr. Burns, came by.
“Hey, look what I found,” he
said.
“What’ve you got?”
“A camera.”
I’ll never forget that camera. It
was a digital camera. We bought it
from him, and I took it and turned
it on. It was full of pictures of a nice
white family on vacation, and I felt
like shit. The other things we’d
bought had never mattered to me.
Nikes, electric toothbrushes,
electric razors. Who cares? Yeah,
some guy might get fired because of
the pallet of Corn Flakes that went
missing from the supermarket, but

that’s degrees removed. You don’t
think about it. But this camera had
a face. I went through those
pictures, knowing how much my
family pictures meant to me, and I
thought, I haven’t stolen a camera.
I’ve stolen someone’s memories.
I’ve stolen part of someone’s life.
It’s such a strange thing, but in
two years of hustling I never once
thought of it as a crime. I honestly
didn’t think it was bad. It’s just stuff
people found. White people have
insurance. Whatever rationalization
was handy. In society, we do
horrible things to one another
because we don’t see the person it

affects. We don’t see their face. We
don’t see them as people. Which
was the whole reason the hood was
built in the first place, to keep the
victims of apartheid out of sight and
out of mind. Because if white
people ever saw black people as
human, they would see that slavery
is unconscionable. We live in a
world where we don’t see the
ramifications of what we do to
others, because we don’t live with
them. It would be a whole lot
harder for an investment banker to
rip off people with subprime
mortgages if he actually had to live
with the people he was ripping off.

If we could see one another’s pain
and empathize with one another, it
would never be worth it to us to
commit the crimes in the first place.
As much as we needed the
money, I never sold the camera. I
felt too guilty, like it would be bad
karma, which I know sounds stupid
and it didn’t get the family their
camera back, but I just couldn’t do
it. That camera made me confront
the fact that there were people on
the other end of this thing I was
doing, and what I was doing was
wrong.
—

One night our crew got invited to
dance in Soweto against another
crew. Hitler was going to compete
with their best dancer, Hector, who
was one of the best dancers in
South Africa at the time. This
invitation was a huge deal. We were
going over there repping our hood.
Alex and Soweto have always had a
huge rivalry. Soweto was seen as
the snobbish township and
Alexandra was seen as the gritty
and dirty township. Hector was
from Diepkloof, which was the nice,
well-off part of Soweto. Diepkloof
was where the first million-rand
houses were built after democracy.

“Hey, we’re not a township
anymore. We’re building nice
things now.” That was the attitude.
That’s who we were up against.
Hitler practiced a whole week.
We took a minibus over to
Diepkloof the night of the dance,
me and Bongani, Mzi and Bheki and
G, and Hitler. Hector won the
competition. Then G was caught
kissing one of their girls, and it
turned into a fight and everything
broke down. On our way back to
Alex, around one in the morning, as
we were pulling out of Diepkloof to
get on the freeway, some cops
pulled our minibus over. They made

everyone get out and they searched
it. We were standing outside, lined
up alongside the car, when one of
the cops came back.
“We’ve found a gun,” he said.
“Whose gun is it?”
We all shrugged.
“We don’t know,” we said.
“Nope, somebody knows. It’s
somebody’s gun.”
“Officer, we really don’t know,”
Bongani said.
He slapped Bongani hard
across the face.
“You’re bullshitting me!”
Then he went down the line,

slapping each of us across the face,
berating us about the gun. We
couldn’t do anything but stand
there and take it.
“You guys are trash,” the cop
said. “Where are you from?”
“Alex.”
“Ohhhhh, okay, I see. Dogs
from Alex. You come here and you
rob people and you rape women and
you hijack cars. Bunch of fucking
hoodlums.”
“No, we’re dancers. We don’t
know—”
“I don’t care. You’re all going to
jail until we figure out whose gun
this is.”

At a certain point we realized
what was going on. This cop was
shaking us down for a bribe. “Spot
fine” is the euphemism everyone
uses. You go through this elaborate
dance with the cop where you say
the thing without saying the thing.
“Can’t we do something?” you
ask the officer.
“What do you want me to do?”
“We’re really sorry, Officer.
What can we do?”
“You tell me.”
Then you’re supposed to make
up a story whereby you indicate to
the cop how much money you have
on you. Which we couldn’t do

because we didn’t have any money.
So he took us to jail. It was a public
bus. It could have been anyone’s
gun, but the guys from Alex were
the only ones who got arrested.
Everyone else in the car was free to
go. The cops took us to the police
station and threw us in a cell and
pulled us out one by one for
questioning. When they pulled me
aside I had to give my home
address: Highlands North. The cop
gave me the most confused look.
“You’re not from Alex,” he said.
“What are you doing with these
crooks?” I didn’t know what to say.
He glared at me hard. “Listen here,

rich boy. You think it’s fun running
around with these guys? This isn’t
play-play anymore. Just tell me the
truth about your friends and the
gun, and I’ll let you go.”
I told him no, and he threw me
back in the cell. We spent the night,
and the next day I called a friend,
who said he could borrow the
money from his dad to get us out.
Later that day the dad came down
and paid the money. The cops kept
calling it “bail,” but it was a bribe.
We were never formally arrested or
processed. There was no paperwork.
We got out and everything was
fine, but it rattled us. Every day we

were out in the streets, hustling,
trying to act as if we were in some
way down with the gangs, but the
truth was we were always more
cheese than hood. We had created
this idea of ourselves as a defense
mechanism to survive in the world
we were living in. Bongani and the
other East Bank guys, because of
where they were from, what they
looked like—they just had very little
hope. You’ve got two options in that
situation. You take the retail job,
flip burgers at McDonald’s, if you’re
one of the lucky few who even gets
that much. The other option is to
toughen up, put up this facade. You

can’t leave the hood, so you survive
by the rules of the hood.
I chose to live in that world,
but I wasn’t from that world. If
anything, I was an imposter. Day to
day I was in it as much as everyone
else, but the difference was that in
the back of my mind I knew I had
other options. I could leave. They
couldn’t.

O nce, wh en I was ten years old,
visiting my dad in Yeoville, I
needed batteries for one of my toys.
My mom h ad refu sed to bu y me
new batteries becau se, of cou rse,
sh e th ou gh t it was a waste of
money, so I snu ck ou t to th e sh ops
and sh oplifted a pack. A secu rity
gu ard bu sted me on th e way ou t,
pu lled me into h is office, and called
my mom.
“We’ve cau gh t you r son
sh oplifting batteries,” h e said.
“You need to come and fetch h im.”
“No,” sh e said. “Take h im to
jail. I f h e’s going to disobey h e

needs to learn th e consequ ences.”
Th en sh e h u ng u p. Th e gu ard
looked at me, confu sed. Eventu ally
h e let me go on th e assu mption th at
I was some wayward orph an,
becau se wh at moth er wou ld send
h er ten-year-old ch ild to jail?

THE W ORLD
DOESN’T LOVE YOU
My mom never gave me an inch.
Anytime I got in trouble it was
tough love, lectures, punishment,
and hidings. Every time. For every
infraction. You get that with a lot of
black parents. They’re trying to

discipline you before the system
does. “I need to do this to you
before the police do it to you.”
Because that’s all black parents are
thinking from the day you’re old
enough to walk out into the street,
where the law is waiting.
In Alex, getting arrested was a
fact of life. It was so common that
out on the corner we had a sign for
it, a shorthand, clapping your wrists
together like you were being put in
handcuffs. Everyone knew what
that meant.
“Where’s Bongani?”
Wrist clap.
“Oh, shit. When?”

“Friday night.”
“Damn.”
My mom hated the hood. She
didn’t like my friends there. If I
brought them back to the house,
she didn’t even want them coming
inside. “I don’t like those boys,”
she’d say. She didn’t hate them
personally; she hated what they
represented. “You and those boys
get into so much shit,” she’d say.
“You must be careful who you
surround yourself with because
where you are can determine who
you are.”
She said the thing she hated
most about the hood was that it

didn’t pressure me to become
better. She wanted me to hang out
with my cousin at his university.
“What’s the difference if I’m at
university or I’m in the hood?” I’d
say. “It’s not like I’m going to
university.”
“Yes, but the pressure of the
university is going to get you. I
know you. You won’t sit by and
watch these guys become better
than you. If you’re in an
environment that is positive and
progressive, you too will become
that. I keep telling you to change
your life, and you don’t. One day
you’re going to get arrested, and

when you do, don’t call me. I’ll tell
the police to lock you up just to
teach you a lesson.”
Because there were some black
parents who’d actually do that, not
pay their kid’s bail, not hire their
kid a lawyer—the ultimate tough
love. But it doesn’t always work,
because you’re giving the kid tough
love when maybe he just needs
love. You’re trying to teach him a
lesson, and now that lesson is the
rest of his life.
—
One morning I saw an ad in the
paper. Some shop was having a

clearance sale on mobile phones,
and they were selling them at such
a ridiculous price I knew Bongani
and I could flip them in the hood
for a profit. This shop was out in
the suburbs, too far to walk and too
out-of-the-way to take a minibus.
Fortunately my stepfather’s
workshop and a bunch of old cars
were in our backyard.
I’d been stealing Abel’s junkers
to get around since I was fourteen. I
would say I was test driving them to
make sure they’d been repaired
correctly. Abel didn’t think that was
funny. I’d been caught many times,
caught and subjected to my

mother’s wrath. But that had never
stopped me from doing anything.
Most of these junkers weren’t
street legal. They didn’t have proper
registrations or proper number
plates. Luckily, Abel also had a
stack of old number plates in the
back of the garage. I quickly learned
I could just put one on an old car
and hit the road. I was nineteen,
maybe twenty, not thinking about
any of the ramifications of this. I
stopped by Abel’s garage when no
one was around, picked up one of
the cars, the red Mazda I’d taken to
the matric dance, slapped some old
plates on it, and set off in search of

discounted cell phones.
I got pulled over in Hillbrow.
Cops in South Africa don’t give you
a reason when they pull you over.
Cops pull you over because they’re
cops and they have the power to
pull you over; it’s as simple as that.
I used to watch American movies
where cops would pull people over
and say, “You didn’t signal” or “Your
taillight’s out.” I’d always wonder,
Why do American cops bother
lying? One thing I appreciate about
South Africa is that we have not yet
refined the system to the point
where we feel the need to lie.
“Do you know why I pulled you

over?”
“Because you’re a policeman
and I’m a black person?”
“That’s correct. License and
registration, please.”
When the cop pulled me over,
it was one of those situations where
I wanted to say, “Hey, I know you
guys are racially profiling me!” But
I couldn’t argue the case because I
was, at that moment, actually
breaking the law. The cop walked
up to my window, asked me the
standard cop questions. Where are
you going? Is this your car? Whose
car is this? I couldn’t answer. I
completely froze.

Being young, funnily enough, I
was more worried about getting in
trouble with my parents than with
the law. I’d had run-ins with the
cops in Alexandra, in Soweto, but it
was always more about the
circumstance: a party getting shut
down, a raid on a minibus. The law
was all around me, but it had never
come down on me, Trevor,
specifically. And when you haven’t
had much experience with the law,
the law appears rational—cops are
dicks for the most part, but you also
recognize that they’re doing a job.
Your parents, on the other
hand, are not rational at all. They

have served as judge, jury, and
executioner for your entire
childhood, and it feels like they give
you a life sentence for every
misdemeanor. In that moment,
when I should have been scared of
the cop, all I was thinking was Shit
shit shit; I’m in so much trouble
when I get home.
The cop called in the number-
plate registration and discovered
that it didn’t match the car. Now he
was really on my case. “This car is
not in your name! What’s going on
with these plates?! Step out of the
vehicle!” It was only then that I
realized: Ohhhhh, shit. Now I’m in

real trouble. I stepped out of the
car, and he put the cuffs on me and
told me I was being arrested on
suspicion of driving a stolen
vehicle. He took me in, and the car
was impounded.
The Hillbrow police station
looks exactly like every other police
station in South Africa. They were
all built by the same contractor at
the height of apartheid—separate
nodes in the central nervous system
of a police state. If you were
blindfolded and taken from one to
the other, you probably wouldn’t
even know that you’d changed
locations. They’re sterile,

institutional, with fluorescent lights
and cheap floor tile, like a hospital.
My cop walked me in and sat me
down at the front booking desk. I
was charged and fingerprinted.
In the meantime, they’d been
checking out the car, which wasn’t
going well for me, either. Whenever
I borrowed cars from Abel’s
workshop, I tried to take the
junkers rather than a real client’s
car; I thought I’d get in less trouble
that way. That was a mistake. The
Mazda, being one of Abel’s junkers,
didn’t have a clear title of
ownership. If it had had an owner,
the cops would have called the

owner, the owner would have
explained that the car had been
dropped off for repairs, and the
whole thing would have been sorted
out. Since the car didn’t have an
owner, I couldn’t prove I hadn’t
stolen it.
Carjackings were common in
South Africa at the time, too. So
common you weren’t even
surprised when they happened.
You’d have a friend coming over for
a dinner party and you’d get a call.
“Sorry. Got carjacked. Gonna
be late.”
“Ah, that sucks. Hey, guys!
Dave got carjacked.”

“Sorry, Dave!”
And the party would continue.
And that’s if the person survived
the carjacking. Often they didn’t.
People were getting shot for their
cars all the time. Not only could I
not prove I hadn’t stolen the car, I
couldn’t prove I hadn’t murdered
someone for it, either. The cops
were grilling me. “You kill anyone
to get that car, boy? Eh? You a
killer?”
I was in deep, deep trouble. I
had only one lifeline: my parents.
One call would have fixed
everything. “This is my stepfather.
He’s a mechanic. I borrowed his car

when I shouldn’t have.” Done. At
worst I’d get a slap on the wrist for
driving a car that wasn’t registered.
But what would I be getting at
home?
I sat there in the police station
—arrested for suspicion of grand
theft auto, a plausible suspect for
carjacking or murder—and debated
whether I should call my parents or
go to jail. With my stepfather I was
thinking, He might actually kill me.
In my mind that was an entirely
realistic scenario. With my mother I
was thinking, She’s going to make
this worse. She’s not the character
witness I want right now. She won’t

help me. Because she’d told me she
wouldn’t. “If you ever get arrested,
don’t call me.” I needed someone
sympathetic to my plight, and I
didn’t believe she was that person.
So I didn’t call my parents. I
decided I didn’t need them. I was a
man. I could go it alone. I used my
call to phone my cousin and told
him not to tell anyone what had
happened while I figured out what
to do—now I just had to figure out
what to do.
I’d been picked up late in the
afternoon, so by the time I was
processed it was close to lights-out.
I was spending the night in jail, like

it or not. It was at that point that a
cop pulled me aside and told me
what I was in for.
The way the system works in
South Africa is that you’re arrested
and held in a cell at the police
station until your bail hearing. At
the hearing, the judge looks at your
case, hears arguments from the
opposing sides, and then he either
dismisses the charges or sets bail
and a trial date. If you can make
bail, you pay and go home. But
there are all sorts of ways your bail
hearing can go wrong: You get some
court-appointed lawyer who hasn’t
read your case and doesn’t know

what’s going on. Your family can’t
pay your bail. It could even be that
the court’s backed up. “Sorry, we’re
too busy. No more hearings today.”
It doesn’t matter the reason. Once
you leave jail, you can’t go back to
jail. If your situation isn’t resolved
that day, you go to prison to await
trial. In prison you’re housed with
the people awaiting trial, not with
the general population, but even the
awaiting-trial section is incredibly
dangerous because you have people
picked up for traffic violations all
the way up to proper hardened
criminals. You’re stuck there
together, and you can be there for

days, weeks, maybe months. It’s the
same way in America. If you’re
poor, if you don’t know how the
system works, you can slip through
the cracks, and the next thing you
know you’re in this weird purgatory
where you’re not in prison but
you’re not not in prison. You
haven’t been convicted of any
crime, but you’re still locked up and
can’t get out.
This cop pulled me aside and
said, “Listen, you don’t want to go
to your bail hearing. They’ll give
you a state attorney who won’t
know what’s going on. He’ll have no
time for you. He’ll ask the judge for

a postponement, and then maybe
you’ll go free or maybe you won’t.
Trust me, you don’t want to do that.
You have the right to stay here for
as long as you like. You want to
meet with a lawyer and set yourself
up before you go anywhere near a
court or a judge.” He wasn’t giving
me this advice out of the goodness
of his heart. He had a deal with a
defense attorney, sending him
clients in exchange for a kickback.
He handed me the attorney’s
business card, I called him, and he
agreed to take my case. He told me
to stay put while he handled
everything.

Now I needed money, because
lawyers, as nice as they are, don’t do
anything for free. I called a friend
and asked him if he could ask his
dad to borrow some money. He said
he’d handle it. He talked to his dad,
and the lawyer got his retainer the
next day.
With the lawyer taken care of, I
felt like I had things under control.
I was feeling pretty slick. I’d
handled the situation, and, most
important, Mom and Abel were
none the wiser.
When the time came for lights-
out a cop came and took my stuff.
My belt, my wallet, my shoelaces.

“Why do you need my
shoelaces?”
“So you don’t hang yourself.”
“Right.”
Even when he said that, the
gravity of my situation still wasn’t
sinking in. Walking to the station’s
holding cell, looking around at the
other six guys in there, I was
thinking, This is no big deal.
Everything’s gonna be cool. I’m
gonna get out of this. I thought that
right up until the moment the cell
door clanged shut behind me and
the guard yelled, “Lights out!”
That’s when I thought, Oh, shit.
This is real.

—
The guards had given me a mat and
a scratchy blanket. I rolled them out
on the concrete floor and tried to
get comfortable. Every bad prison
movie I’d ever seen was racing
through my head. I was thinking,
I’m gonna get raped. I’m gonna get
raped. I’m gonna get raped. But of
course I didn’t get raped, because
this wasn’t prison. It was jail, and
there’s a big difference, as I would
soon come to understand.
I woke up the next morning
with that fleeting sensation where
you think something has all been a

dream. Then I looked around and
remembered that it wasn’t.
Breakfast came, and I settled in to
wait.
A day in jail is mostly silence
punctuated by passing guards
shouting profanities at you, doing
roll call. Inside the holding cell
nobody says anything. Nobody
walks into a jail cell and says, “Hi,
guys! I’m Brian!” Because everyone
is afraid, and no one wants to
appear vulnerable. Nobody wants to
be the bitch. Nobody wants to be
the guy getting killed. I didn’t want
anyone to know that I was just a kid
in for a traffic charge, so I reached

back in my mind for all the
stereotypes of what I imagined
people act like in prison, and then I
tried to act like that.
In South Africa, everyone
knows that colored gangsters are
the most ruthless, the most savage.
It’s a stereotype that’s fed to you
your whole life. The most notorious
colored gangs are the Numbers
Gangs: the 26s, the 27s, the 28s.
They control the prisons. They’re
known for being brutally violent—
maiming, torturing, raping, cutting
off people’s heads—not for the sake
of making money but just to prove
how ruthless and savage they are,

like Mexican drug cartels. In fact a
lot of these gangs base their thing
on those Mexican gangs. They have
the same look: the Converse All
Stars with the Dickies pants and the
open shirt buttoned only at the top.
By the time I was a teenager,
anytime I was profiled by cops or
security guards, it usually wasn’t
because I was black but because I
looked colored. I went to a club
once with my cousin and his friend.
The bouncer searched Mlungisi,
waved him in. He searched our
friend, waved him in. Then he
searched me and got up in my face.
“Where’s your knife?”

“I don’t have a knife.”
“I know you have a knife
somewhere. Where is it?”
He searched and searched and
finally gave up and let me in,
looking me over like I was trouble.
“No shit from you! Okay?”
I figured that if I was in jail
people were going to assume I was
the kind of colored person who
ends up in jail, a violent criminal.
So I played it up. I put on this
character; I played the stereotype.
Anytime the cops asked me
questions I started speaking in
broken Afrikaans with a thick
colored accent. Imagine a white guy

in America, just dark enough to
pass for Latino, walking around jail
doing bad Mexican-gangster
dialogue from the movies. “Shit’s
about to get loco, ese.” That’s
basically what I was doing—the
South African version of that. This
was my brilliant plan to survive
incarceration. But it worked. The
guys in the cell with me, they were
there for drunk driving, for
domestic abuse, for petty theft.
They had no idea what real colored
gangsters were like. Everyone left
me alone.
We were all playing a game,
only nobody knew we were playing

it. When I walked in that first night,
everyone was giving me this look:
“I’m dangerous. Don’t fuck with
me.” So I went, “Shit, these people
are hardened criminals. I shouldn’t
be here, because I am not a
criminal.” Then the next day
everything turned over quickly. One
by one, guys left to go to their
hearings, I stayed to wait for my
lawyer, and new people started to
pitch up. Now I was the veteran,
doing my colored-gangster routine,
giving the new guys the same look:
“I’m dangerous. Don’t fuck with
me.” And they looked at me and
went, “Shit, he’s a hardened

criminal. I shouldn’t be here,
because I am not like him.” And
round and round we went.
At a certain point it occurred to
me that every single person in that
cell might be faking it. We were all
decent guys from nice
neighborhoods and good families,
picked up for unpaid parking tickets
and other infractions. We could
have been having a great time
sharing meals, playing cards, and
talking about women and soccer.
But that didn’t happen, because
everyone had adopted this
dangerous pose and nobody talked
because everyone was afraid of who

the other guys were pretending to
be. Now those guys were going to
get out and go home to their
families and say, “Oh, honey, that
was rough. Those were some real
criminals in there. There was this
one colored guy. Man, he was a
killer.”
Once I had the game sorted
out, I was good again. I relaxed. I
was back to thinking, I got this.
This is no big deal. The food was
actually decent. For breakfast they
brought you these peanut butter
sandwiches on thick slices of bread.
Lunch was chicken and rice. The tea
was too hot, and it was more water

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

than tea, but it was drinkable. There
were older, hard-time prisoners
close to parole, and their detail was
to come and clean the cells and
circulate books and magazines for
you to read. It was quite relaxing.
There was one point when I
remember eating a meal and saying
to myself, This isn’t so bad. I hang
around with a bunch of dudes.
There’s no chores. No bills to pay.
No one constantly nagging me and
telling me what to do. Peanut
butter sandwiches? Shit, I eat
peanut butter sandwiches all the
time. This is pretty sweet. I could
do this. I was so afraid of the ass-

whooping waiting for me at home
that I genuinely considered going to
prison. For a brief moment I
thought I had a plan. “I’ll go away
for a couple of years, come back,
and say I was kidnapped, and mom
will never know and she’ll just be
happy to see me.”
—
On the third day, the cops brought
in the largest man I’d ever seen.
This guy was huge. Giant muscles.
Dark skin. Hardened face. He
looked like he could kill all of us.
Me and the other prisoners who’d
been acting tough with one another

—the second he walked in our
tough-guy routines were over.
Everyone was terrified. We all
stared at him. “Oh, fuck…”
For whatever reason this guy
was half naked when the cops
picked him up. He was wearing
clothes the police had scrounged up
for him at the station, this torn-up
wifebeater that was way too small,
pants so short on him they looked
like capris. He looked like a black
version of the Incredible Hulk.
This guy went and sat alone in
the corner. Nobody said a word.
Everyone watched and waited,
nervously, to see what he would do.

Then one of the cops came back and
called the Hulk over; they needed
information from him. The cop
started asking him a bunch of
questions, but the guy kept shaking
his head and saying he didn’t
understand. The cop was speaking
Zulu. The Hulk was speaking
Tsonga. Black person to black
person, and neither could
understand the other—the Tower of
Babel. Few people in South Africa
speak Tsonga, but since my
stepfather was Tsonga I had picked
it up along the way. I overheard the
cop and the other guy going back
and forth with nothing getting

across, so I stepped in and
translated for them and sorted
everything out.
Nelson Mandela once said, “If
you talk to a man in a language he
understands, that goes to his head.
If you talk to him in his language,
that goes to his heart.” He was so
right. When you make the effort to
speak someone else’s language,
even if it’s just basic phrases here
and there, you are saying to them,
“I understand that you have a
culture and identity that exists
beyond me. I see you as a human
being.”
That is exactly what happened

with the Hulk. The second I spoke
to him, this face that had seemed so
threatening and mean lit up with
gratitude. “Ah, na khensa, na
khensa, na khensa. Hi wena mani?
Mufana wa mukhaladi u xitiela
kwini xiTsonga? U huma kwini?”
“Oh, thank you, thank you, thank
you. Who are you? How does a
colored guy know Tsonga? Where
are you from?”
Once we started talking I
realized he wasn’t the Hulk at all.
He was the sweetest man, a gentle
giant, the biggest teddy bear in the
world. He was simple, not educated.
I’d assumed he was in for murder,

for squashing a family to death with
his bare hands, but it wasn’t
anything like that. He’d been
arrested for shoplifting PlayStation
games. He was out of work and
needed money to send to his family
back home, and when he saw how
much these games sold for he
thought he could steal a few and
sell them to white kids and make a
lot of money. As soon as he told me
that, I knew he wasn’t some
hardened criminal. I know the
world of pirated things—stolen
videogames have no value because
it’s cheaper and less risky to copy
them, like Bolo’s parents did.

I tried to help him out a bit. I
told him my trick of putting off
your bail hearing to get your
defense together, so he stayed in
the cell, too, biding his time, and we
hit it off and hung out for a few
days, having a good time, getting to
know each other. No one else in the
cell knew what to make of us, the
ruthless colored gangster and his
menacing, Hulk-like friend. He told
me his story, a South African story
that was all too familiar to me: The
man grows up under apartheid,
working on a farm, part of what’s
essentially a slave labor force. It’s a
living hell but it’s at least

something. He’s paid a pittance but
at least he’s paid. He’s told where to
be and what to do every waking
minute of his day. Then apartheid
ends and he doesn’t even have that
anymore. He finds his way to
Johannesburg, looking for work,
trying to feed his children back
home. But he’s lost. He has no
education. He has no skills. He
doesn’t know what to do, doesn’t
know where to be. The world has
been taught to be scared of him, but
the reality is that he is scared of the
world because he has none of the
tools necessary to cope with it. So
what does he do? He takes shit. He

becomes a petty thief. He’s in and
out of jail. He gets lucky and finds
some construction work, but then
he gets laid off from that, and a few
days later he’s in a shop and he sees
some PlayStation games and he
grabs them, but he doesn’t even
know enough to know that he’s
stolen something of no value.
I felt terrible for him. The more
time I spent in jail, the more I
realized that the law isn’t rational at
all. It’s a lottery. What color is your
skin? How much money do you
have? Who’s your lawyer? Who’s
the judge? Shoplifting PlayStation
games was less of an offense than

driving with bad number plates. He
had committed a crime, but he was
no more a criminal than I was. The
difference was that he didn’t have
any friends or family to help him
out. He couldn’t afford anything but
a state attorney. He was going to go
stand in the dock, unable to speak
or understand English, and
everyone in the courtroom was
going to assume the worst of him.
He was going to go to prison for a
while and then be set free with the
same nothing he had going in. If I
had to guess, he was around thirty-
five, forty years old, staring down
another thirty-five, forty years of

the same.
—
The day of my hearing came. I said
goodbye to my new friend and
wished him the best. Then I was
handcuffed and put in the back of a
police van and driven to the
courthouse to meet my fate. In
South African courts, to minimize
your exposure and your
opportunities for escape, the
holding cell where you await your
hearing is a massive pen below the
courtroom; you walk up a set of
stairs into the dock rather than
being escorted through the

corridors. What happens in the
holding cell is you’re mixed in with
the people who’ve been in prison
awaiting trial for weeks and
months. It’s a weird mix, everything
from white-collar criminals to guys
picked up on traffic stops to real,
hardcore criminals covered with
prison tattoos. It’s like the cantina
scene from Star Wars, where the
band’s playing music and Han
Solo’s in the corner and all of the
bad guys and bounty hunters from
all over the universe are hanging
out—a wretched hive of scum and
villainy, only there’s no music and
there’s no Han Solo.

I was with these people for
only a brief window of time, but in
that moment I saw the difference
between prison and jail. I saw the
difference between criminals and
people who’ve committed crimes. I
saw the hardness in people’s faces. I
thought back on how naive I’d been
just hours before, thinking jail
wasn’t so bad and I could handle it.
I was now truly afraid of what
might happen to me.
When I walked into that
holding pen, I was a smooth-
skinned, fresh-faced young man. At
the time, I had a giant Afro, and the
only way to control it was to have it

tied back in this ponytail thing that
looked really girly. I looked like
Maxwell. The guards closed the
door behind me, and this creepy old
dude yelled out in Zulu from the
back, “Ha, ha, ha! Hhe madoda!
Angikaze ngibone indoda enhle
kangaka! Sizoba nobusuku
obuhle!” “Yo, yo, yo! Damn, guys.
I’ve never seen a man this beautiful
before. It’s gonna be a good night
tonight!”
Fuuuuuuuuuck.
Right next to me as I walked in
was a young man having a complete
meltdown, talking to himself,
bawling his eyes out. He looked up

and locked eyes with me, and I
guess he thought I looked like a
kindred soul he could talk to. He
came straight at me and started
crying about how he’d been arrested
and thrown in jail and the gangs
had stolen his clothes and his shoes
and raped him and beat him every
day. He wasn’t some ruffian. He
was well-spoken, educated. He’d
been waiting for a year for his case
to be heard; he wanted to kill
himself. That guy put the fear of
God in me.
I looked around the holding
cell. There were easily a hundred
guys in there, all of them spread out

and huddled into their clearly and
unmistakably defined racial groups:
a whole bunch of black people in
one corner, the colored people in a
different corner, a couple of Indians
off to themselves, and a handful of
white guys off to one side. The guys
who’d been with me in the police
van, the second we walked in, they
instinctively, automatically, walked
off to join the groups they belonged
to. I froze.
I didn’t know where to go.
I looked over at the colored
corner. I was staring at the most
notorious, most violent prison gang
in South Africa. I looked like them,

but I wasn’t them. I couldn’t go
over there doing my fake gangster
shit and have them discover I was a
fraud. No, no, no. That game was
over, my friend. The last thing I
needed was colored gangsters up
against me.
But then what if I went to the
black corner? I know that I’m black
and I identify as black, but I’m not a
black person on the face of it, so
would the black guys understand
why I was walking over? And what
kind of shit would I start by going
there? Because going to the black
corner as a perceived colored
person might piss off the colored

gangs even more than going to the
colored corner as a fake colored
person. Because that’s what had
happened to me my entire life.
Colored people would see me
hanging out with blacks, and they’d
confront me, want to fight me. I
saw myself starting a race war in
the holding cell.
“Hey! Why are you hanging out
with the blacks?”
“Because I am black.”
“No, you’re not. You’re
colored.”
“Ah, yes. I know it looks that
way, friend, but let me explain. It’s
a funny story, actually. My father is

white and my mother is black and
race is a social construct, so…”
That wasn’t going to work. Not
here.
All of this was happening in my
head in an instant, on the fly. I was
doing crazy calculations, looking at
people, scanning the room,
assessing the variables. If I go here,
then this. If I go there, then that.
My whole life was flashing before
me—the playground at school, the
spaza shops in Soweto, the streets
of Eden Park—every time and every
place I ever had to be a chameleon,
navigate between groups, explain
who I was. It was like the high

school cafeteria, only it was the
high school cafeteria from hell
because if I picked the wrong table I
might get beaten or stabbed or
raped. I’d never been more scared
in my life. But I still had to pick.
Because racism exists, and you have
to pick a side. You can say that you
don’t pick sides, but eventually life
will force you to pick a side.
That day I picked white. They
just didn’t look like they could hurt
me. It was a handful of average,
middle-aged white dudes. I walked
over to them. We hung out for a
while, chatted a bit. They were
mostly in for white-collar crimes,

money schemes, fraud and
racketeering. They’d be useless if
anyone came over looking to start
trouble; they’d get their asses
kicked as well. But they weren’t
going to do anything to me. I was
safe.
Luckily the time went by fairly
quickly. I was in there for only an
hour before I was called up to court,
where a judge would either let me
go or send me to prison to await
trial. As I was leaving, one of the
white guys reached over to me.
“Make sure you don’t come back
down here,” he said. “Cry in front of
the judge; do whatever you have to

do. If you go up and get sent back
down here, your life will never be
the same.”
Up in the courtroom, I found
my lawyer waiting. My cousin
Mlungisi was there, too, in the
gallery, ready to post my bail if
things went my way.
The bailiff read out my case
number, and the judge looked up at
me.
“How are you?” he said.
I broke down. I’d been putting
on this tough-guy facade for nearly
a week, and I just couldn’t do it
anymore.
“I-I’m not fine, Your Honor.

I’m not fine.”
He looked confused. “What?!”
I said, “I’m not fine, sir. I’m
really suffering.”
“Why are you telling me this?”
“Because you asked how I was.”
“Who asked you?”
“You did. You just asked me.”
“I didn’t say, ‘How are you?’ I
said, ‘Who are you?’ Why would I
waste time asking ‘How are you?’!
This is jail. I know everyone is
suffering down there. If I asked
everyone ‘How are you?’ we’d be
here all day. I said, ‘Who are you?’
State your name for the record.”

“Trevor Noah.”
“Okay. Now we can carry on.”
The whole courtroom started
laughing, so then I started laughing,
too. But now I was even more
petrified because I didn’t want the
judge to think I wasn’t taking him
seriously because I was laughing.
It turned out that I needn’t
have been worried. Everything that
happened next took only a few
minutes. My lawyer had talked to
the prosecutor and everything had
been arranged beforehand. He
presented my case. I had no priors.
I wasn’t dangerous. There were no
objections from the opposing side.

The judge assigned my trial date
and set my bail, and I was free to
go.
I walked out of court and the
light of day hit my face and I said,
“Sweet Jesus, I am never going back
there again.” It had been only a
week, in a cell that wasn’t terribly
uncomfortable with food that
wasn’t half bad, but a week in jail is
a long, long time. A week without
shoelaces is a long, long time. A
week with no clocks, with no sun,
can feel like an eternity. The
thought of anything worse, the
thought of doing real time in a real
prison, I couldn’t even imagine.

—
I drove with Mlungisi to his place,
took a shower, and slept there. The
next day he dropped me back at my
mom’s house. I strolled up the
driveway acting real casual. My plan
was to say I’d been crashing with
Mlungisi for a few days. I walked
into the house like nothing had
happened. “Hey, Mom! What’s up?”
Mom didn’t say anything, didn’t ask
me any questions. I was like, Okay.
Cool. We’re good.
I stayed for most of the day.
Later in the afternoon we were
sitting at the kitchen table, talking.

I was telling all these stories, going
on about everything Mlungisi and I
had been up to that week, and I
caught my mom giving me this
look, slowly shaking her head. It
was a different look than I had ever
seen her give before. It wasn’t “One
day, I’m going to catch you.” It
wasn’t anger or disapproval. It was
disappointment. She was hurt.
“What?” I said. “What is it?”
She said, “Boy, who do you
think paid your bail? Hmm? Who
do you think paid your lawyer? Do
you think I’m an idiot? Did you
think no one would tell me?”
The truth came spilling out. Of

course she’d known: the car. It had
been missing the whole time. I’d
been so wrapped up in dealing with
jail and covering my tracks I’d
forgotten that the proof of my crime
was right there in the yard, the red
Mazda missing from the driveway.
And of course when I called my
friend and he’d asked his dad for
the money for the lawyer, the dad
had pressed him on what the
money was for and, being a parent
himself, had called my mother
immediately. She’d given my friend
the money to pay the lawyer. She’d
given my cousin the money to pay
my bail. I’d spent the whole week in

jail thinking I was so slick. But
she’d known everything the whole
time.
“I know you see me as some
crazy old bitch nagging at you,” she
said, “but you forget the reason I
ride you so hard and give you so
much shit is because I love you.
Everything I have ever done I’ve
done from a place of love. If I don’t
punish you, the world will punish
you even worse. The world doesn’t
love you. If the police get you, the
police don’t love you. When I beat
you, I’m trying to save you. When
they beat you, they’re trying to kill
you.”

M y favorite th ing to eat as a kid,
and still my favorite dessert of all
time, was cu stard and jelly, wh at
Americans wou ld call Jell-O. One
Satu rday my mom was planning for
a big family celebration and sh e
made a h u ge bowl of cu stard and
jelly and pu t it in th e fridge. I t h ad
every flavor: red, green, and
yellow. I cou ldn’t resist it. Th at
wh ole day, every time I walked past
th e fridge I ’d pop my h ead in with a
spoon and sneak a bite. Th is was a
giant bowl, meant to last for a week
for th e wh ole family. I finish ed it in
one day by myself.

Th at nigh t I went to bed and I
got absolu tely bu tch ered by
mosqu itoes. Mosqu itoes love to
feast on me, and wh en I was a kid it
was bad. Th ey wou ld destroy me at
nigh t. I wou ld wake u p covered
with bites and feel ill to my stomach
and itch y all over. Wh ich was
exactly wh at h appened th is
particu lar Su nday morning.
Covered with mosqu ito bites, my
stomach bloated with cu stard and
jelly, I cou ld barely get ou t of bed. I
felt like I was going to vomit. Th en
my mom walked in.
“Get dressed,” sh e said. “We’re
going to ch u rch .”
“I don’t feel well.”
“Th at’s wh y we’re going to
ch u rch . Th at’s wh ere Jesu s is going
to h eal you .”

“Eh , I ’m not su re th at’s h ow it
works.”
My mom and I h ad different
ideas abou t h ow Jesu s worked. Sh e
believed th at you pray to Jesu s and
th en Jesu s pitch es u p and does th e
th ing th at you need. My views on
Jesu s were more reality-based.
“Wh y don’t I take medicine,” I
said, “and th en pray to Jesu s to
th ank h im for giving u s th e doctors
wh o invented medicine, becau se
medicine is wh at makes you feel
better, not Jesu s.”
“You don’t need medicine if you
h ave Jesu s. Jesu s will h eal you .
Pray to Jesu s.”
“Bu t is medicine not a blessing
from Jesu s? And if Jesu s gives u s
medicine and we do not take th e

medicine, are we not denying th e
grace th at h e h as given u s?”
Like all of ou r debates abou t
Jesu s, th is conversation went
nowh ere.
“Trevor,” sh e said, “if you don’t
go to ch u rch you ’re going to get
worse. You ’re lu cky you got sick on
Su nday, becau se now we’re going
to ch u rch and you can pray to
Jesu s and Jesu s is going to h eal
you .”
“Th at sou nds nice, bu t wh y
don’t I ju st stay h ome?”
“No. Get dressed. We’re going to
ch u rch .”

MY MOTHER’S LIFE
Once I had my hair cornrowed for
the matric dance, I started getting
attention from girls for the first
time. I actually went on dates. At
times I thought that it was because
I looked better. At other times I
thought it was because girls liked
the fact that I was going through as

much pain as they did to look good.
Either way, once I found success, I
wasn’t going to mess with the
formula. I kept going back to the
salon every week, spending hours at
a time getting my hair straightened
and cornrowed. My mom would just
roll her eyes. “I could never date a
man who spends more time on his
hair than I do,” she’d say.
Monday through Saturday my
mom worked in her office and
puttered around her garden dressed
like a homeless person. Then
Sunday morning for church she’d
do her hair and put on a nice dress
and some high heels and she looked

like a million bucks. Once she was
all done up, she couldn’t resist
teasing me, throwing little verbal
jabs the way we’d always do with
each other.
“Now who’s the best-looking
person in the family, eh? I hope you
enjoyed your week of being the
pretty one, ’cause the queen is back,
baby. You spent four hours at the
salon to look like that. I just took a
shower.”
She was just having fun with
me; no son wants to talk about how
hot his mom is. Because, truth be
told, she was beautiful. Beautiful on
the outside, beautiful on the inside.

She had a self-confidence about her
that I never possessed. Even when
she was working in the garden,
dressed in overalls and covered in
mud, you could see how attractive
she was.
—
I can only assume that my mother
broke more than a few hearts in her
day, but from the time I was born,
there were only two men in her life,
my father and my stepfather. Right
around the corner from my father’s
house in Yeoville, there was a
garage called Mighty Mechanics.
Our Volkswagen was always

breaking down, and my mom would
take it there to get it repaired. We
met this really cool guy there, Abel,
one of the auto mechanics. I’d see
him when we went to fetch the car.
The car broke down a lot, so we
were there a lot. Eventually it felt
like we were there even when there
was nothing wrong with the vehicle.
I was six, maybe seven. I didn’t
understand everything that was
happening. I just knew that
suddenly this guy was around. He
was tall, lanky and lean but strong.
He had these long arms and big
hands. He could lift car engines and
gearboxes. He was handsome, but

he wasn’t good-looking. My mom
liked that about him; she used to
say there’s a type of ugly that
women find attractive. She called
him Abie. He called her Mbuyi,
short for Nombuyiselo.
I liked him, too. Abie was
charming and hilarious and had an
easy, gracious smile. He loved
helping people, too, especially
anyone in distress. If someone’s car
broke down on the freeway, he
pulled over to see what he could do.
If someone yelled “Stop, thief!” he
was the guy who gave chase. The
old lady next door needed help
moving boxes? He’s that guy. He

liked to be liked by the world, which
made his abuse even harder to deal
with. Because if you think someone
is a monster and the whole world
says he’s a saint, you begin to think
that you’re the bad person. It must
be my fault this is happening is the
only conclusion you can draw,
because why are you the only one
receiving his wrath?
Abel was always cool with me.
He wasn’t trying to be my dad, and
my dad was still in my life, so I
wasn’t looking for anyone to replace
him. That’s mom’s cool friend is
how I thought of him. He started
coming out to stay with us in Eden

Park. Some nights he’d want us to
crash with him at his converted
garage flat in Orange Grove, which
we did. Then I burned down the
white people’s house, and that was
the end of that. From then on we
lived together in Eden Park.
One night my mom and I were
at a prayer meeting and she took
me aside.
“Hey,” she said. “I want to tell
you something. Abel and I are going
to get married.”
Instinctively, without even
thinking, I said, “I don’t think that’s
a good idea.”
I wasn’t upset or anything. I

just had a sense about the guy, an
intuition. I’d felt it even before the
mulberry tree. That night hadn’t
changed my feelings toward Abel; it
had only shown me, in flesh and
blood, what he was capable of.
“I understand that it’s hard,”
she said. “I understand that you
don’t want a new dad.”
“No,” I said. “It’s not that. I like
Abel. I like him a lot. But you
shouldn’t marry him.” I didn’t know
the word “sinister” then, but if I had
I probably would have used it.
“There’s just something not right
about him. I don’t trust him. I don’t
think he’s a good person.”

I’d always been fine with my
mom dating this guy, but I’d never
considered the possibility of him
becoming a permanent addition to
our family. I enjoyed being with
Abel the same way I enjoyed
playing with a tiger cub the first
time I went to a tiger sanctuary: I
liked it, I had fun with it, but I
never thought about bringing it
home.
If there was any doubt about
Abel, the truth was right there in
front of us all along, in his name.
He was Abel, the good brother, the
good son, a name straight out of the
Bible. And he lived up to it as well.

He was the firstborn, dutiful, took
care of his mother, took care of his
siblings. He was the pride of his
family.
But Abel was his English name.
His Tsonga name was Ngisaveni. It
means “Be afraid.”
—
Mom and Abel got married. There
was no ceremony, no exchange of
rings. They went and signed the
papers and that was it. A year or so
later, my baby brother, Andrew, was
born. I only vaguely remember my
mom being gone for a few days, and
when she got back there was now

this thing in the house that cried
and shat and got fed, but when
you’re nine years older than your
sibling, their arrival doesn’t change
much for you. I wasn’t changing
diapers; I was out playing arcade
games at the shop, running around
the neighborhood.
The main thing that marked
Andrew’s birth for me was our first
trip to meet Abel’s family during
the Christmas holidays. They lived
in Tzaneen, a town in Gazankulu,
what had been the Tsonga
homeland under apartheid. Tzaneen
has a tropical climate, hot and
humid. The white farms nearby

grow some of the most amazing
fruit—mangoes, lychees, the most
beautiful bananas you’ve ever seen
in your life. That’s where all the
fruit we export to Europe comes
from. But on the black land twenty
minutes down the road, the soil has
been decimated by years of
overfarming and overgrazing. Abel’s
mother and his sisters were all
traditional, stay-at-home moms,
and Abel and his younger brother,
who was a policeman, supported
the family. They were all very kind
and generous and accepted us as
part of the family right away.
Tsonga culture, I learned, is

extremely patriarchal. We’re talking
about a world where women must
bow when they greet a man. Men
and women have limited social
interactions. The men kill the
animals, and the women cook the
food. Men are not even allowed in
the kitchen. As a nine-year-old boy,
I thought this was fantastic. I
wasn’t allowed to do anything. At
home my mom was forever making
me do chores—wash the dishes,
sweep the house—but when she
tried to do that in Tzaneen, the
women wouldn’t allow it.
“Trevor, make your bed,” my
mom would say.

“No, no, no, no,” Abel’s mother
would protest. “Trevor must go
outside and play.”
I was made to run off and have
fun while my girl step-cousins had
to clean the house and help the
women cook. I was in heaven.
My mother loathed every
moment of being there. For Abel, a
firstborn son who was bringing
home his own firstborn son, this
trip was a huge deal. In the
homelands, the firstborn son
almost becomes the father/husband
by default because the dad is off
working in the city. The firstborn
son is the man of the house. He

raises his siblings. His mom treats
him with a certain level of respect
as the dad’s surrogate. Since this
was Abel’s big homecoming with
Andrew, he expected my mother to
play her traditional role, too. But
she refused.
The women in Tzaneen had a
multitude of jobs during the day.
They prepared breakfast, prepared
tea, prepared lunch, did the washing
and the cleaning. The men had been
working all year in the city to
support the family, so this was their
vacation, more or less. They were at
leisure, waited on by the women.
They might slaughter a goat or

something, do whatever manly
tasks needed to be done, but then
they would go to an area that was
only for men and hang out and
drink while the women cooked and
cleaned. But my mom had been
working in the city all year, too, and
Patricia Noah didn’t stay in
anyone’s kitchen. She was a free-
roaming spirit. She insisted on
walking to the village, going where
the men hung out, talking to the
men as equals.
The whole tradition of women
bowing to the men, my mom found
that absurd. But she didn’t refuse to
do it. She overdid it. She made a

mockery of it. The other women
would bow before men with this
polite little curtsy. My mom would
go down and cower, groveling in the
dirt like she was worshipping a
deity, and she’d stay down there for
a long time, like a really long time,
long enough to make everyone very
uncomfortable. That was my mom.
Don’t fight the system. Mock the
system. To Abel, it looked like his
wife didn’t respect him. Every other
man had some docile girl from the
village, and here he’d come with
this modern woman, a Xhosa
woman no less, a culture whose
women were thought of as

particularly loudmouthed and
promiscuous. The two of them
fought and bickered the whole time,
and after that first trip my mother
refused to go back.
Up to that point I’d lived my
whole life in a world run by women,
but after my mom and Abel were
married, and especially after
Andrew was born, I watched him try
to assert himself and impose his
ideas of what he thought his family
should be. One thing that became
clear early on was that those ideas
did not include me. I was a
reminder that my mom had lived a
life before him. I didn’t even share

his color. His family was him, my
mom, and the new baby. My family
was my mom and me. I actually
appreciated that about him.
Sometimes he was my buddy,
sometimes not, but he never
pretended our relationship was
anything other than what it was.
We’d joke around and laugh
together. We’d watch TV together.
He’d slip me pocket money now and
again after my mother said I’d had
enough. But he never gave me a
birthday present or a Christmas
present. He never gave me the
affection of a father. I was never his
son.

Abel’s presence in the house
brought with it new rules. One of
the first things he did was kick Fufi
and Panther out of the house.
“No dogs in the house.”
“But we’ve always had the dogs
in the house.”
“Not anymore. In an African
home, dogs sleep outside. People
sleep inside.”
Putting the dogs in the yard
was Abel’s way of saying, “We’re
going to do things around here the
way they’re supposed to be done.”
When they were just dating, my
mother was still the free spirit,
doing what she wanted, going

where she wanted. Slowly, those
things got reined in. I could feel
that he was trying to rein in our
independence. He even got upset
about church. “You cannot be at
church the whole day,” he’d say.
“My wife is gone all day, and what
will people say? ‘Why is his wife not
around? Where is she? Who goes to
church for the whole day?’ No, no,
no. This brings disrespect to me.”
He tried to stop her from
spending so much time at church,
and one of the most effective tools
he used was to stop fixing my
mother’s car. It would break down,
and he’d purposefully let it sit. My

mom couldn’t afford another car,
and she couldn’t get the car fixed
somewhere else. You’re married to
a mechanic and you’re going to get
your car fixed by another
mechanic? That’s worse than
cheating. So Abel became our only
transport, and he would refuse to
take us places. Ever defiant, my
mother would take minibuses to get
to church.
Losing the car also meant
losing access to my dad. We had to
ask Abel for rides into town, and he
didn’t like what they were for. It
was an insult to his manhood.
“We need to go to Yeoville.”

“Why are you going to
Yeoville?”
“To see Trevor’s dad.”
“What? No, no. How can I take
my wife and her child and drop you
off there? You’re insulting me.
What do I tell my friends? What do
I tell my family? My wife is at
another man’s house? The man
who made that child with her? No,
no, no.”
I saw my father less and less.
Not long after, he moved down to
Cape Town.
Abel wanted a traditional
marriage with a traditional wife. For
a long time I wondered why he ever

married a woman like my mom in
the first place, as she was the
opposite of that in every way. If he
wanted a woman to bow to him,
there were plenty of girls back in
Tzaneen being raised solely for that
purpose. The way my mother
always explained it, the traditional
man wants a woman to be
subservient, but he never falls in
love with subservient women. He’s
attracted to independent women.
“He’s like an exotic bird collector,”
she said. “He only wants a woman
who is free because his dream is to
put her in a cage.”
—

When we first met Abel, he smoked
a lot of weed. He drank, too, but it
was mostly weed. Looking back, I
almost miss his pothead days
because the weed mellowed him
out. He’d smoke, chill, watch TV,
and fall asleep. I think
subconsciously it was something he
knew he needed to do to take the
edge off his anger. He stopped
smoking after he and my mom got
married. She made him stop for
religious reasons—the body is a
temple and so on. But what none of
us saw coming was that when he
stopped smoking weed he just
replaced it with alcohol. He started

drinking more and more. He never
came home from work sober. An
average day was a six-pack of beer
after work. Weeknights he’d have a
buzz on. Some Fridays and
Saturdays he just didn’t come
home.
When Abel drank, his eyes
would go red, bloodshot. That was
the clue I learned to read. I always
thought of Abel as a cobra: calm,
perfectly still, then explosive. There
was no ranting and raving, no
clenched fists. He’d be very quiet,
and then out of nowhere the
violence would come. The eyes were
my only clue to stay away. His eyes

were everything. They were the eyes
of the Devil.
Late one night we woke up to a
house filled with smoke. Abel
hadn’t come home by the time we’d
gone to bed, and I’d fallen asleep in
my mother’s room with her and
Andrew, who was still a baby. I
jerked awake to her shaking me and
screaming. “Trevor! Trevor!” There
was smoke everywhere. We thought
the house was burning down.
My mom ran down the hallway
to the kitchen, where she
discovered the kitchen on fire. Abel
had driven home drunk, blind
drunk, drunker than we’d ever seen

him before. He’d been hungry, tried
to heat up some food on the stove,
and passed out on the couch while
it was cooking. The pot had burned
itself out and burned up the kitchen
wall behind the stove, and smoke
was billowing everywhere. She
turned off the stove and opened the
doors and the windows to try to air
the place out. Then she went over to
the couch and woke him up and
started berating him for nearly
burning the house down. He was
too drunk to care.
She came back into the
bedroom, picked up the phone, and
called my grandmother. She started

going on and on about Abel and his
drinking. “This man, he’s going to
kill us one day. He almost burnt the
house down…”
Abel walked into the bedroom,
very calm, very quiet. His eyes were
blood red, his eyelids heavy. He put
his finger on the cradle and hung up
the call. My mom lost it.
“How dare you! Don’t you hang
up my phone call! What do you
think you’re doing?!”
“You don’t tell people what’s
happening in this house,” he said.
“Oh, please! You’re worried
about what the world is thinking?
Worry about this world! Worry

about what your family is
thinking!”
Abel towered over my mother.
He didn’t raise his voice, didn’t get
angry.
“Mbuyi,” he said softly, “you
don’t respect me.”
“Respect?! You almost burned
down our house. Respect? Oh,
please! Earn your respect! You want
me to respect you as a man, then
act like a man! Drinking your
money in the streets, and where are
your child’s diapers?! Respect?!
Earn your respect—”
“Mbuyi—”
“You’re not a man; you’re a

child—”
“Mbuyi—”
“I can’t have a child for a
husband—”
“Mbuyi—”
“I’ve got my own children to
raise—”
“Mbuyi, shut up—”
“A man who comes home
drunk—”
“Mbuyi, shut up—”
“And burns down the house
with his children—”
“Mbuyi, shut up—”
“And you call yourself a father
—”

Then out of nowhere, like a
clap of thunder when there were no
clouds, crack!, he smacked her
across the face. She ricocheted off
the wall and collapsed like a ton of
bricks. I’d never seen anything like
it. She went down and stayed down
for a good thirty seconds. Andrew
started screaming. I don’t
remember going to pick him up, but
I clearly remember holding him at
some point. My mom pulled herself
up and struggled back to her feet
and launched right back into him.
She’d clearly been knocked for a
loop, but she was trying to act more
with-it than she was. I could see the

disbelief in her face. This had never
happened to her before in her life.
She got right back in his face and
started shouting at him.
“Did you just hit me?”
The whole time, in my head, I
kept thinking the same thing Abel
was saying. Shut up, Mom. Shut up.
You’re going to make it worse.
Because I knew, as the receiver of
many beatings, the one thing that
doesn’t help is talking back. But she
wouldn’t stay quiet.
“Did you just hit me?”
“Mbuyi, I told you—”
“No man has ever! Don’t think
you can control me when you can’t

even control—”
Crack! He hit her again. She
stumbled back but this time didn’t
fall. She scrambled, grabbed me,
and grabbed Andrew.
“Let’s go. We’re leaving.”
We ran out of the house and up
the road. It was the dead of night,
cold outside. I was wearing nothing
but a T-shirt and sweatpants. We
walked to the Eden Park police
station, over a kilometer away. My
mom marched us in, and there were
two cops on duty at the front desk.
“I’m here to lay a charge,” she
said.
“What are you here to lay a

charge about?”
“I’m here to lay a charge
against the man who hit me.”
To this day I’ll never forget the
patronizing, condescending way
they spoke to her.
“Calm down, lady. Calm down.
Who hit you?”
“My husband.”
“Your husband? What did you
do? Did you make him angry?”
“Did I…what? No. He hit me.
I’m here to lay a charge against—”
“No, no. Ma’am. Why do you
wanna make a case, eh? You sure
you want to do this? Go home and

talk to your husband. You do know
once you lay charges you can’t take
them back? He’ll have a criminal
record. His life will never be the
same. Do you really want your
husband going to jail?”
My mom kept insisting that
they take a statement and open a
case, and they actually refused—
they refused to write up a charge
sheet.
“This is a family thing,” they
said. “You don’t want to involve the
police. Maybe you want to think it
over and come back in the
morning.”
Mom started yelling at them,

demanding to see the station
commander, and right then Abel
walked into the station. He’d driven
down. He’d sobered up a bit, but he
was still drunk, driving into a police
station. That didn’t matter. He
walked over to the cops, and the
station turned into a boys’ club.
Like they were a bunch of old pals.
“Hey, guys,” he said. “You know
how it is. You know how women
can be. I just got a little angry,
that’s all.”
“It’s okay, man. We know. It
happens. Don’t worry.”
I had never seen anything like
it. I was nine years old, and I still

thought of the police as the good
guys. You get in trouble, you call
the police, and those flashing red-
and-blue lights are going to come
and save you. But I remember
standing there watching my mom,
flabbergasted, horrified that these
cops wouldn’t help her. That’s when
I realized the police were not who I
thought they were. They were men
first, and police second.
We left the station. My mother
took me and Andrew, and we went
out to stay with my grandmother in
Soweto for a while. A few weeks
later, Abel drove over and
apologized. Abel was always sincere

and heartfelt with his apologies: He
didn’t mean it. He knows he was
wrong. He’ll never do it again. My
grandmother convinced my mom
that she should give Abel a second
chance. Her argument was
basically, “All men do it.” My
grandfather, Temperance, had hit
her. Leaving Abel was no guarantee
it wouldn’t happen again, and at
least Abel was willing to apologize.
So my mom decided to give him
another chance. We drove back to
Eden Park together, and for years,
nothing—for years Abel didn’t lay a
finger on her. Or me. Everything
went back to the way it was.

—
Abel was an amazing mechanic,
probably one of the best around at
the time. He’d been to technical
college, graduated first in his class.
He’d had job offers from BMW and
Mercedes. His business thrived on
referrals. People would bring their
cars from all over the city for him to
fix because he could work miracles
on them. My mom truly believed in
him. She thought she could raise
him up, help him make good on his
potential, not merely as a mechanic
but as the owner of his own
workshop.

As headstrong and independent
as my mom is, she remains the
woman who gives back. She gives
and gives and gives; that is her
nature. She refused to be
subservient to Abel at home, but
she did want him to succeed as a
man. If she could make their
marriage a true marriage of equals,
she was willing to pour herself into
it completely, the same way she
poured herself into her children. At
some point, Abel’s boss decided to
sell Mighty Mechanics and retire.
My mom had some money saved,
and she helped Abel buy it. They
moved the workshop from Yeoville

to the industrial area of Wynberg,
just west of Alex, and Mighty
Mechanics became the new family
business.
When you first go into
business there are so many things
nobody tells you. That’s especially
true when you’re two young black
people, a secretary and a mechanic,
coming out of a time when blacks
had never been allowed to own
businesses at all. One of the things
nobody tells you is that when you
buy a business you buy its debt.
After my mom and Abel opened up
the books on Mighty Mechanics and
came to a full realization of what

they’d bought, they saw how much
trouble the company was already in.
The garage gradually took over
our lives. I’d get out of school and
walk the five kilometers from
Maryvale to the workshop. I’d sit
for hours and try to do my
homework with the machines and
repairs going on around me.
Inevitably Abel would get behind
schedule on a car, and since he was
our ride, we’d have to wait for him
to finish before we could go home.
It started out as “We’re running
late. Go nap in a car, and we’ll tell
you when we’re leaving.” I’d crawl
in the backseat of some sedan,

they’d wake me up at midnight, and
we’d drive all the way back out to
Eden Park and crash. Then pretty
soon it was “We’re running late. Go
sleep in a car, and we’ll wake you
for school in the morning.” We
started sleeping at the garage. At
first it was one or two nights a
week, then three or four. Then my
mom sold the house and put that
money into the business as well.
She went all in. She gave up
everything for him.
From that point on we lived in
the garage. It was a warehouse,
basically, and not the fancy,
romantic sort of warehouse hipsters

might one day turn into lofts. No,
no. It was a cold, empty space. Gray
concrete floors stained with oil and
grease, old junk cars and car parts
everywhere. Near the front, next to
the roller door that opened onto the
street, there was a tiny office built
out of drywall for doing paperwork
and such. In the back was a
kitchenette, just a sink, a portable
hot plate, and some cabinets. To
bathe, there was only an open wash
basin, like a janitor’s sink, with a
showerhead rigged up above.
Abel and my mom slept with
Andrew in the office on a thin
mattress they’d roll out on the

floor. I slept in the cars. I got really
good at sleeping in cars. I know all
the best cars to sleep in. The worst
were the cheap ones, Volkswagens,
low-end Japanese sedans. The seats
barely reclined, no headrests, cheap
fake-leather upholstery. I’d spend
half the night trying not to slide off
the seat. I’d wake up with sore
knees because I couldn’t stretch out
and extend my legs. German cars
were wonderful, especially
Mercedes. Big, plush leather seats,
like couches. They were cold when
you first climbed in, but they were
well insulated and warmed up
nicely. All I needed was my school

blazer to curl up under, and I could
get really cozy inside a Mercedes.
But the best, hands-down, were
American cars. I used to pray for a
customer to come in with a big
Buick with bench seats. If I saw one
of those, I’d be like, Yes! It was rare
for American cars to come in, but
when they did, boy, was I in heaven.
Since Mighty Mechanics was
now a family business, and I was
family, I also had to work. There
was no more time for play. There
wasn’t even time for homework. I’d
walk home, the school uniform
would come off, the overalls would
go on, and I’d get under the hood of

some sedan. I got to a point where I
could do a basic service on a car by
myself, and often I did. Abel would
say, “That Honda. Minor service.”
And I’d get under the hood. Day in
and day out. Points, plugs,
condensers, oil filters, air filters.
Install new seats, change tires, swap
headlights, fix taillights. Go to the
parts shop, buy the parts, back to
the workshop. Eleven years old, and
that was my life. I was falling
behind in school. I wasn’t getting
anything done. My teachers used to
come down on me.
“Why aren’t you doing your
homework?”

“I can’t do my homework. I
have work, at home.”
We worked and worked and
worked, but no matter how many
hours we put in, the business kept
losing money. We lost everything.
We couldn’t even afford real food.
There was one month I’ll never
forget, the worst month of my life.
We were so broke that for weeks we
ate nothing but bowls of marogo, a
kind of wild spinach, cooked with
caterpillars. Mopane worms, they’re
called. Mopane worms are literally
the cheapest thing that only the
poorest of poor people eat. I grew
up poor, but there’s poor and then

there’s “Wait, I’m eating worms.”
Mopane worms are the sort of thing
where even people in Soweto would
be like, “Eh…no.” They’re these
spiny, brightly colored caterpillars
the size of your finger. They’re
nothing like escargot, where
someone took a snail and gave it a
fancy name. They’re fucking worms.
They have black spines that prick
the roof of your mouth as you’re
eating them. When you bite into a
mopane worm, it’s not uncommon
for its yellow-green excrement to
squirt into your mouth.
For a while I sort of enjoyed
the caterpillars. It was like a food

adventure, but then over the course
of weeks, eating them every day,
day after day, I couldn’t take it
anymore. I’ll never forget the day I
bit a mopane worm in half and that
yellow-green ooze came out and I
thought, “I’m eating caterpillar
shit.” Instantly I wanted to throw
up. I snapped and ran to my mom
crying. “I don’t want to eat
caterpillars anymore!” That night
she scraped some money together
and bought us chicken. As poor as
we’d been in the past, we’d never
been without food.
That was the period of my life I
hated the most—work all night,

sleep in some car, wake up, wash up
in a janitor’s sink, brush my teeth
in a little metal basin, brush my
hair in the rearview mirror of a
Toyota, then try to get dressed
without getting oil and grease all
over my school clothes so the kids
at school won’t know I live in a
garage. Oh, I hated it so much. I
hated cars. I hated sleeping in cars.
I hated working on cars. I hated
getting my hands dirty. I hated
eating worms. I hated it all.
I didn’t hate my mom, or even
Abel, funnily enough. Because I saw
how hard everyone was working. At
first I didn’t know about the

mistakes being made on the
business level that were making it
hard, so it just felt like a hard
situation. But eventually I started to
see why the business was
hemorrhaging money. I used to go
around and buy auto parts for Abel,
and I learned that he was buying his
parts on credit. The vendors were
charging him a crazy markup. The
debt was crippling the company,
and instead of paying off the debt
he was drinking what little cash he
made. Brilliant mechanic, horrible
businessman.
At a certain point, in order to
try to save the garage, my mother

quit her job at ICI and stepped in to
help him run the workshop. She
brought her office skills to the
garage full-time and started keeping
the books, making the schedule,
balancing the accounts. And it was
going well, until Abel started to feel
like she was running his business.
People started commenting on it as
well. Clients were getting their cars
on time, vendors were getting paid
on time, and they would say, “Hey,
Abie, this workshop is going so
much better now that your wife has
taken over.” That didn’t help.
We lived in the workshop for
close to a year, and then my mom

had had enough. She was willing to
help him, but not if he was going to
drink all the profits. She had always
been independent, self-sufficient,
but she’d lost that part of herself at
the mercy of someone else’s failed
dream. At a certain point she said,
“I can’t do this anymore. I’m out of
this. I’m done.” She went out and
got a job as a secretary with a real-
estate developer, and somehow,
between that and borrowing against
whatever equity was left in Abel’s
workshop, she was able to get us
the house in Highlands North. We
moved, the workshop was seized by
Abel’s creditors, and that was the

end of that.
—
Growing up I suffered no shortage
of my mother’s old school, Old
Testament discipline. She spared no
rod and spoiled no child. With
Andrew, she was different. He got
spankings at first, but they tapered
off and eventually went away.
When I asked her why I got
beatings and Andrew didn’t, she
made a joke about it like she does
with everything. “I beat you like
that because you could take it,” she
said. “I can’t hit your little brother
the same way because he’s a skinny

little stick. He’ll break. But you,
God gave you that ass for
whipping.” Even though she was
kidding, I could tell that the reason
she didn’t beat Andrew was because
she’d had a genuine change of heart
on the matter. It was a lesson she’d
learned, oddly enough, from me.
I grew up in a world of
violence, but I myself was never
violent at all. Yes, I played pranks
and set fires and broke windows,
but I never attacked people. I never
hit anyone. I was never angry. I just
didn’t see myself that way. My
mother had exposed me to a
different world than the one she

grew up in. She bought me the
books she never got to read. She
took me to the schools that she
never got to go to. I immersed
myself in those worlds and I came
back looking at the world a different
way. I saw that not all families are
violent. I saw the futility of
violence, the cycle that just repeats
itself, the damage that’s inflicted on
people that they in turn inflict on
others.
I saw, more than anything, that
relationships are not sustained by
violence but by love. Love is a
creative act. When you love
someone you create a new world for

them. My mother did that for me,
and with the progress I made and
the things I learned, I came back
and created a new world and a new
understanding for her. After that,
she never raised her hand to her
children again. Unfortunately, by
the time she stopped, Abel had
started.
In all the times I received
beatings from my mom, I was never
scared of her. I didn’t like it,
certainly. When she said, “I hit you
out of love,” I didn’t necessarily
agree with her thinking. But I
understood that it was discipline
and it was being done for a purpose.

The first time Abel hit me I felt
something I had never felt before. I
felt terror.
I was in grade six, my last year
at Maryvale. We’d moved to
Highlands North, and I’d gotten in
trouble at school for forging my
mom’s signature on some
document; there was some activity I
didn’t want to participate in, so I’d
signed the release in her name to
get out of it. The school called my
mom, and she asked me about it
when I got home that afternoon. I
was certain she was going to punish
me, but this turned out to be one of
those times when she didn’t care.

She said I should have just asked
her; she would have signed the
form anyway. Then Abel, who’d
been sitting in the kitchen with us,
watching the whole thing, said,
“Hey, can I talk to you for a
second?” Then he took me into this
tiny room, a walk-in pantry off the
kitchen, and he closed the door
behind us.
He was standing between me
and the door, but I didn’t think
anything of it. It didn’t occur to me
to be scared. Abel had never tried to
discipline me before. He’d never
even given me a lecture. It was
always “Mbuyi, your son did this,”

and then my mother would handle
it. And this was the middle of the
afternoon. He was completely
sober, which made what happened
next all the more terrifying.
“Why did you forge your
mother’s signature?” he said.
I started making up some
excuse. “Oh, I, uh, forgot to bring
the form home—”
“Don’t lie to me. Why did you
forge your mom’s signature?”
I started stammering out more
bullshit, oblivious to what was
coming, and then out of nowhere it
came.
The first blow hit me in the

ribs. My mind flashed: It’s a trap!
I’d never been in a fight before, had
never learned how to fight, but I
had this instinct that told me to get
in close. I had seen what those long
arms could do. I’d seen him take
down my mom, but more
important, I’d seen him take down
grown men. Abel never hit people
with a punch; I never saw him
punch another person with a closed
fist. But he had this ability to hit a
grown man across his face with an
open hand and they’d crumple. He
was that strong. I looked at his
arms and I knew, Don’t be on the
other end of those things. I ducked

in close and he kept hitting and
hitting, but I was in too tight for
him to land any solid blows. Then
he caught on and he stopped hitting
and started trying to grapple and
wrestle me. He did this thing where
he grabbed the skin on my arms
and pinched it between his thumb
and forefinger and twisted hard.
Jesus, that hurt.
It was the most terrifying
moment of my life. I had never
been that scared before, ever.
Because there was no purpose to it
—that’s what made it so terrifying.
It wasn’t discipline. Nothing about
it was coming from a place of love.

It didn’t feel like something that
would end with me learning a
lesson about forging my mom’s
signature. It felt like something that
would end when he wanted it to
end, when his rage was spent. It felt
like there was something inside
him that wanted to destroy me.
Abel was much bigger and
stronger than me, but being in a
confined space was to my advantage
because he didn’t have the room to
maneuver. As he grappled and
punched I somehow managed to
twist and wriggle my way around
him and slip out the door. I was
quick, but Abel was quick as well.

He chased me. I ran out of the
house and jumped over the gate,
and I ran and I ran and I ran. The
last time I turned around he was
rounding the gate, coming out of
the yard after me. Until I turned
twenty-five years old, I had a
recurring nightmare of the look on
his face as he came around that
corner.
The moment I saw him I put
my head down and ran. I ran like
the Devil was chasing me. Abel was
bigger and faster, but this was my
neighborhood. You couldn’t catch
me in my neighborhood. I knew
every alley and every street, every

wall to climb over, every fence to
slip through. I was ducking through
traffic, cutting through yards. I have
no idea when he gave up because I
never looked back. I ran and ran
and ran, as far as my legs would
carry me. I was in Bramley, three
neighborhoods away, before I
stopped. I found a hiding place in
some bushes and crawled inside
and huddled there for what felt like
hours.
You don’t have to teach me a
lesson twice. From that day until
the day I left home, I lived like a
mouse in that house. If Abel was in
a room, I was out of the room. If he

was in one corner, I was in the
other corner. If he walked into a
room, I would get up and act like I
was going to the kitchen, then when
I reentered the room, I would make
sure I was close to the exit. He
could be in the happiest, friendliest
mood. Didn’t matter. Never again
did I let him come between me and
a door. Maybe a couple of times
after that I was sloppy and he’d land
a punch or a kick before I could get
away, but I never trusted him again,
not for a moment.
It was different for Andrew.
Andrew was Abel’s son, flesh of his
flesh, blood of his blood. Despite

being nine years younger than me,
Andrew was really the eldest son in
that house, Abel’s firstborn, and
that accorded him a respect that I
and even my mother never enjoyed.
And Andrew had nothing but love
for that man, despite his
shortcomings. Because of that love,
I think, out of all of us, Andrew was
the only one who wasn’t afraid. He
was the lion tamer, only he’d been
raised by the lion—he couldn’t love
the beast any less despite knowing
what it was capable of. For me, the
first glint of anger or madness from
Abel and I was gone. Andrew would
stay and try to talk Abel down. He’d

even get between Abel and Mom. I
remember one night when Abel
threw a bottle of Jack Daniel’s at
Andrew’s head. It just missed him
and exploded on the wall. Which is
to say that Andrew stayed long
enough to get the bottle thrown at
him. I wouldn’t have stuck around
long enough for Abel to get a bead
on me.
—
When Mighty Mechanics went
under, Abel had to get his cars out.
Someone was taking over the
property; there were liens against
his assets. It was a mess. That’s

when he started running his
workshop out of our yard. It’s also
when my mother divorced him.
In African culture there’s legal
marriage and traditional marriage.
Just because you divorce someone
legally doesn’t mean they are no
longer your spouse. Once Abel’s
debts and his terrible business
decisions started impacting my
mother’s credit and her ability to
support her sons, she wanted out. “I
don’t have debts,” she said. “I don’t
have bad credit. I’m not doing these
things with you.” We were still a
family and they were still
traditionally married, but she

divorced him in order to separate
their financial affairs. She also took
her name back.
Because Abel had started
running an unlicensed business in a
residential area, one of the
neighbors filed a petition to get rid
of us. My mom applied for a license
to be able to operate a business on
the property. The workshop stayed,
but Abel kept running it into the
ground, drinking his money. At the
same time, my mother started
moving up at the real-estate
company she worked for, taking on
more responsibilities and earning a
better salary. His workshop became

like a side hobby almost. He was
supposed to pay for Andrew’s
school fees and groceries, but he
started falling behind even on that,
and soon my mom was paying for
everything. She paid the electricity.
She paid the mortgage. He literally
contributed nothing.
That was the turning point.
When my mother started making
more money and getting her
independence back—that’s when we
saw the dragon emerge. The
drinking got worse. He grew more
and more violent. It wasn’t long
after coming for me in the pantry
that Abel hit my mom for the

second time. I can’t recall the
details of it, because now it’s
muddled with all the other times
that came after it. I do remember
that the police were called. They
came out to the house this time, but
again it was like a boys’ club. “Hey,
guys. These women, you know how
they are.” No report was made. No
charges were filed.
Whenever he’d hit her or come
after me, my mom would find me
crying afterward and take me aside.
She’d give me the same talk every
time.
“Pray for Abel,” she’d say.
“Because he doesn’t hate us. He

hates himself.”
To a kid this makes no sense.
“Well, if he hates himself,” I’d say,
“why doesn’t he kick himself?”
Abel was one of those drinkers
where once he was gone you’d look
into his eyes and you didn’t even
see the same person. I remember
one night he came home fuckdrunk,
stumbling through the house. He
stumbled into my room, muttering
to himself, and I woke up to see
him whip out his dick and start
pissing on the floor. He thought he
was in the bathroom. That’s how
drunk he would get—he wouldn’t
know which room in the house he

was in. There were so many nights
he would stumble into my room
thinking it was his and kick me out
of bed and pass out. I’d yell at him,
but it was like talking to a zombie.
I’d go sleep on the couch.
He’d get wasted with his crew
in the backyard every evening after
work, and many nights he’d end up
fighting with one of them. Someone
would say something Abel didn’t
like, and he’d beat the shit out of
him. The guy wouldn’t show up for
work Tuesday or Wednesday, but
then by Thursday he’d be back
because he needed the job. Every
few weeks it was the same story,

like clockwork.
Abel kicked the dogs, too. Fufi,
mostly. Panther was smart enough
to stay away, but dumb, lovable Fufi
was forever trying to be Abel’s
friend. She’d cross his path or be in
his way when he’d had a few, and
he’d give her the boot. After that
she’d go and hide somewhere for a
while. Fufi getting kicked was
always the warning sign that shit
was about to go down. The dogs and
the workers in the yard often got
the first taste of his anger, and that
would let the rest of us know to lie
low. I’d usually go find Fufi
wherever she was hiding and be

with her.
The strange thing was that
when Fufi got kicked she never
yelped or cried. When the vet
diagnosed her as deaf, he also found
out she had some condition where
she didn’t have a fully developed
sense of touch. She didn’t feel pain.
Which was why she would always
start over with Abel like it was a
new day. He’d kick her, she’d hide,
then she’d be right back the next
morning, wagging her tail. “Hey.
I’m here. I’ll give you another
chance.”
And he always got the second
chance. The Abel who was likable

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

and charming never went away. He
had a drinking problem, but he was
a nice guy. We had a family.
Growing up in a home of abuse, you
struggle with the notion that you
can love a person you hate, or hate
a person you love. It’s a strange
feeling. You want to live in a world
where someone is good or bad,
where you either hate them or love
them, but that’s not how people are.
There was an undercurrent of
terror that ran through the house,
but the actual beatings themselves
were not that frequent. I think if
they had been, the situation would
have ended sooner. Ironically, the

good times in between were what
allowed it to drag out and escalate
as far as it did. He hit my mom
once, then the next time was three
years later, and it was just a little bit
worse. Then it was two years later,
and it was just a little bit worse.
Then it was a year later, and it was
just a little bit worse. It was
sporadic enough to where you’d
think it wouldn’t happen again, but
it was frequent enough that you
never forgot it was possible. There
was a rhythm to it. I remember one
time, after one terrible incident,
nobody spoke to him for over a
month. No words, no eye contact,

no conversations, nothing. We
moved through the house as
strangers, at different times.
Complete silent treatment. Then
one morning you’re in the kitchen
and there’s a nod. “Hey.” “Hey.”
Then a week later it’s “Did you see
the thing on the news?” “Yeah.”
Then the next week there’s a joke
and a laugh. Slowly, slowly, life goes
back to how it was. Six months, a
year later, you do it all again.
—
One afternoon I came home from
Sandringham and my mom was
very upset and worked up.

“This man is unbelievable,” she
said.
“What happened?”
“He bought a gun.”
“What? A gun? What do you
mean, ‘He bought a gun’?”
A gun was such a ridiculous
thing in my world. In my mind, only
cops and criminals had guns. Abel
had gone out and bought a 9mm
Parabellum Smith & Wesson. Sleek
and black, menacing. It didn’t look
cool like guns in movies. It looked
like it killed things.
“Why did he buy a gun?” I
asked.

“I don’t know.”
She said she’d confronted him
about it, and he’d gone off on some
nonsense about the world needing
to learn to respect him.
“He thinks he’s the policeman
of the world,” she said. “And that’s
the problem with the world. We
have people who cannot police
themselves, so they want to police
everyone else around them.”
Not long after that, I moved
out. The atmosphere had become
toxic for me. I’d reached the point
where I was as big as Abel. Big
enough to punch back. A father
does not fear retribution from his

son, but I was not his son. He knew
that. The analogy my mom used
was that there were now two male
lions in the house. “Every time he
looks at you he sees your father,”
she’d say. “You’re a constant
reminder of another man. He hates
you, and you need to leave. You
need to leave before you become
like him.”
It was also just time for me to
go. Regardless of Abel, our plan had
always been for me to move out
after school. My mother never
wanted me to be like my uncle, one
of those men, unemployed and still
living at home with his mother. She

helped me get my flat, and I moved
out. The flat was only ten minutes
away from the house, so I was
always around to drop in to help
with errands or have dinner once in
a while. But, most important,
whatever was going on with Abel, I
didn’t have to be involved.
At some point my mom moved
to a separate bedroom in the house,
and from then on they were
married in name only, not even
cohabitating but coexisting. That
state of affairs lasted a year, maybe
two. Andrew had turned nine, and
in my world I was counting down
until he turned eighteen, thinking

that would finally free my mom
from this abusive man. Then one
afternoon my mom called and
asked me to come by the house. A
few hours later, I popped by.
“Trevor,” she said. “I’m
pregnant.”
“Sorry, what?”
“I’m pregnant.”
“What?!”
Good Lord, I was furious. I was
so angry. She herself seemed
resolute, as determined as ever, but
with an undertone of sadness I had
never seen before, like the news
had devastated her at first but she’d
since reconciled herself to the

reality of it.
“How could you let this
happen?”
“Abel and I, we made up. I
moved back into the bedroom. It
was just one night, and then…I
became pregnant. I don’t know
how.”
She didn’t know. She was forty-
four years old. She’d had her tubes
tied after Andrew. Even her doctor
had said, “This shouldn’t be
possible. We don’t know how this
happened.”
I was boiling with rage. All we
had to do was wait for Andrew to
grow up, and it was going to be

over, and now it was like she’d re-
upped on the contract.
“So you’re going to have this
child with this man? You’re going to
stay with this man another eighteen
years? Are you crazy?”
“God spoke to me, Trevor. He
told me, ‘Patricia, I don’t do
anything by mistake. There is
nothing I give you that you cannot
handle.’ I’m pregnant for a reason. I
know what kind of kids I can make.
I know what kind of sons I can
raise. I can raise this child. I will
raise this child.”
Nine months later Isaac was
born. She called him Isaac because

in the Bible Sarah gets pregnant
when she’s like a hundred years old
and she’s not supposed to be having
children and that’s what she names
her son.
Isaac’s birth pushed me even
further away. I visited less and less.
Then I popped by one afternoon
and the house was in chaos, police
cars out front, the aftermath of
another fight.
He’d hit her with a bicycle. Abel
had been berating one of his
workers in the yard, and my mom
had tried to get between them. Abel
was furious that she’d contradicted
him in front of an employee, so he

picked up Andrew’s bike and he
beat her with it. Again she called
the police, and the cops who
showed up this time actually knew
Abel. He’d fixed their cars. They
were pals. No charges were filed.
Nothing happened.
That time I confronted him. I
was big enough now.
“You can’t keep doing this,” I
said. “This is not right.”
He was apologetic. He always
was. He didn’t puff out his chest
and get defensive or anything like
that.
“I know,” he said. “I’m sorry. I
don’t like doing these things, but

you know how your mom is. She
can talk a lot and she doesn’t listen.
I feel like your mom doesn’t respect
me sometimes. She came and
disrespected me in front of my
workers. I can’t have these other
men looking at me like I don’t know
how to control my wife.”
After the bicycle, my mom
hired contractors she knew through
the real-estate business to build her
a separate house in the backyard,
like a little servants’ quarters, and
she moved in there with Isaac.
“This is the most insane thing
I’ve ever seen,” I told her.
“This is all I can do,” she said.

“The police won’t help me. The
government won’t protect me. Only
my God can protect me. But what I
can do is use against him the one
thing that he cherishes, and that is
his pride. By me living outside in a
shack, everyone is going to ask him,
‘Why does your wife live in a shack
outside your house?’ He’s going to
have to answer that question, and
no matter what he says, everyone
will know that something is wrong
with him. He loves to live for the
world. Let the world see him for
who he is. He’s a saint in the
streets. He’s a devil in this house.
Let him be seen for who he is.”

When my mom had decided to
keep Isaac, I was so close to writing
her off. I couldn’t stand the pain
anymore. But seeing her hit with a
bicycle, living like a prisoner in her
own backyard, that was the final
straw for me. I was a broken
person. I was done.
“This thing?” I told her. “This
dysfunctional thing? I won’t be a
part of it. I can’t live this life with
you. I refuse. You’ve made your
decision. Good luck with your life.
I’m going to live mine.”
She understood. She didn’t feel
betrayed or abandoned at all.
“Honey, I know what you’re

going through,” she said. “At one
point, I had to disown my family to
go off and live my own life, too. I
understand why you need to do the
same.”
So I did. I walked out. I didn’t
call. I didn’t visit. Isaac came and I
went, and for the life of me I could
not understand why she wouldn’t
do the same: leave. Just leave. Just
fucking leave.
I didn’t understand what she
was going through. I didn’t
understand domestic violence. I
didn’t understand how adult
relationships worked; I’d never
even had a girlfriend. I didn’t

understand how she could have sex
with a man she hated and feared. I
didn’t know how easily sex and
hatred and fear can intertwine.
I was angry with my mom. I
hated him, but I blamed her. I saw
Abel as a choice she’d made, a
choice she was continuing to make.
My whole life, telling me stories
about growing up in the homelands,
being abandoned by her parents,
she had always said, “You cannot
blame anyone else for what you do.
You cannot blame your past for who
you are. You are responsible for
you. You make your own choices.”
She never let me see us as

victims. We were victims, me and
my mom, Andrew and Isaac.
Victims of apartheid. Victims of
abuse. But I was never allowed to
think that way, and I didn’t see her
life that way. Cutting my father out
of our lives to pacify Abel, that was
her choice. Supporting Abel’s
workshop was her choice. Isaac was
her choice. She had the money, not
him. She wasn’t dependent. So in
my mind, she was the one making
the decision.
It is so easy, from the outside,
to put the blame on the woman and
say, “You just need to leave.” It’s
not like my home was the only

home where there was domestic
abuse. It’s what I grew up around. I
saw it in the streets of Soweto, on
TV, in movies. Where does a
woman go in a society where that is
the norm? When the police won’t
help her? When her own family
won’t help her? Where does a
woman go when she leaves one
man who hits her and is just as
likely to wind up with another man
who hits her, maybe even worse
than the first? Where does a
woman go when she’s single with
three kids and she lives in a society
that makes her a pariah for being a
manless woman? Where she’s seen

as a whore for doing that? Where
does she go? What does she do?
But I didn’t comprehend any of
that at the time. I was a boy with a
boy’s understanding of things. I
distinctly remember the last time
we argued about it, too. It was
sometime after the bicycle, or when
she was moving into her shack in
the backyard. I was going off,
begging her for the thousandth
time.
“Why? Why don’t you just
leave?”
She shook her head. “Oh, baby.
No, no, no. I can’t leave.”
“Why not?”

“Because if I leave he’ll kill us.”
She wasn’t being dramatic. She
didn’t raise her voice. She said it
totally calm and matter-of-fact, and
I never asked her that question
again.
—
Eventually she did leave. What
prompted her to leave, what the
final breaking point was, I have no
idea. I was gone. I was off becoming
a comedian, touring the country,
playing shows in England, hosting
radio shows, hosting television
shows. I’d moved in with my cousin
Mlungisi and made my own life

separate from hers. I couldn’t invest
myself anymore, because it would
have broken me into too many
pieces. But one day she bought
another house in Highlands North,
met someone new, and moved on
with her life. Andrew and Isaac still
saw their dad, who, by that point,
was just existing in the world, still
going through the same cycle of
drinking and fighting, still living in
a house paid for by his ex-wife.
Years passed. Life carried on.
Then one morning I was in bed
around ten a.m. and my phone rang.
It was on a Sunday. I know it was
on a Sunday because everyone else

in the family had gone to church
and I, quite happily, had not. The
days of endlessly schlepping back
and forth to church were no longer
my problem, and I was lazily
sleeping in. The irony of my life is
that whenever church is involved is
when shit goes wrong, like getting
kidnapped by violent minibus
drivers. I’d always teased my mom
about that, too. “This church thing
of yours, all this Jesus, what good
has come of it?”
I looked over at my phone. It
was flashing my mom’s number,
but when I answered, it was Andrew
on the other end. He sounded

perfectly calm.
“Hey, Trevor, it’s Andrew.”
“Hey.”
“How are you?”
“Good. What’s up?”
“Are you busy?”
“I’m sort of sleeping. Why?”
“Mom’s been shot.”
Okay, so there were two
strange things about the call. First,
why would he ask me if I was busy?
Let’s start there. When your mom’s
been shot, the first line out of your
mouth should be “Mom’s been
shot.” Not “How are you?” Not “Are
you busy?” That confused me. The

second weird thing was when he
said, “Mom’s been shot,” I didn’t
ask, “Who shot her?” I didn’t have
to. He said, “Mom’s been shot,” and
my mind automatically filled in the
rest: “Abel shot mom.”
“Where are you now?” I said.
“We’re at Linksfield Hospital.”
“Okay, I’m on my way.”
I jumped out of bed, ran down
the corridor, and banged on
Mlungisi’s door. “Dude, my mom’s
been shot! She’s in the hospital.”
He jumped out of bed, too, and we
got in the car and raced to the
hospital, which luckily was only
fifteen minutes away.

At that point, I was upset but
not terrified. Andrew had been so
calm on the phone, no crying, no
panic in his voice, so I was thinking,
She must be okay. It must not be
that bad. I called him back from the
car to find out more.
“Andrew, what happened?”
“We were on our way home
from church,” he said, again totally
calm. “And Dad was waiting for us
at the house, and he got out of his
car and started shooting.”
“But where? Where did he
shoot her?”
“He shot her in her leg.”
“Oh, okay,” I said, relieved.

“And then he shot her in the
head.”
When he said that, my body
just let go. I remember the exact
traffic light I was at. For a moment
there was a complete vacuum of
sound, and then I cried tears like I
had never cried before. I collapsed
in heaving sobs and moans. I cried
as if every other thing I’d cried for
in my life had been a waste of
crying. I cried so hard that if my
present crying self could go back in
time and see my other crying selves,
it would slap them and say, “That
shit’s not worth crying for.” My cry
was not a cry of sadness. It was not

catharsis. It wasn’t me feeling sorry
for myself. It was an expression of
raw pain that came from an
inability of my body to express that
pain in any other way, shape, or
form. She was my mom. She was
my teammate. It had always been
me and her together, me and her
against the world. When Andrew
said, “shot her in the head,” I broke
in two.
The light changed. I couldn’t
even see the road, but I drove
through the tears, thinking, Just get
there, just get there, just get there.
We pulled up to the hospital, and I
jumped out of the car. There was an

outdoor sitting area by the entrance
to the emergency room. Andrew
was standing there waiting for me,
alone, his clothes smeared with
blood. He still looked perfectly
calm, completely stoic. Then the
moment he looked up and saw me
he broke down and started bawling.
It was like he’d been holding it
together the whole morning and
then everything broke loose at once
and he lost it. I ran to him and
hugged him and he cried and cried.
His cry was different from mine,
though. My cry was one of pain and
anger. His cry was one of
helplessness.

I turned and ran into the
emergency room. My mom was
there in triage on a gurney. The
doctors were stabilizing her. Her
whole body was soaked in blood.
There was a hole in her face, a
gaping wound above her lip, part of
her nose gone.
She was as calm and serene as
I’d ever seen her. She could still
open one eye, and she turned and
looked up at me and saw the look of
horror on my face.
“It’s okay, baby,” she
whispered, barely able to speak with
the blood in her throat.
“It’s not okay.”

“No, no, I’m okay, I’m okay.
Where’s Andrew? Where’s your
brother?”
“He’s outside.”
“Go to Andrew.”
“But Mom—”
“Shh. It’s okay, baby. I’m fine.”
“You’re not fine, you’re—”
“Shhhhhh. I’m fine, I’m fine,
I’m fine. Go to your brother. Your
brother needs you.”
The doctors kept working, and
there was nothing I could do to help
her. I went back outside to be with
Andrew. We sat down together, and
he told me the story.

They were coming home from
church, a big group, my mom and
Andrew and Isaac, her new husband
and his children and a whole bunch
of his extended family, aunts and
uncles, nieces and nephews. They
had just pulled into the driveway
when Abel pulled up and got out of
his car. He had his gun. He looked
right at my mother.
“You’ve stolen my life,” he said.
“You’ve taken everything away from
me. Now I’m going to kill all of
you.”
Andrew stepped in front of his
father. He stepped right in front of
the gun.

“Don’t do this, Dad, please.
You’re drunk. Just put the gun
away.”
Abel looked down at his son.
“No,” he said. “I’m killing
everybody, and if you don’t walk
away I will shoot you first.”
Andrew stepped aside.
“His eyes were not lying,” he
told me. “He had the eyes of the
Devil. In that moment I could tell
my father was gone.”
For all the pain I felt that day,
in hindsight, I have to imagine that
Andrew’s pain was far greater than
mine. My mom had been shot by a
man I despised. If anything, I felt

vindicated; I’d been right about
Abel all along. I could direct my
anger and hatred toward him with
no shame or guilt whatsoever. But
Andrew’s mother had been shot by
Andrew’s father, a father he loved.
How does he reconcile his love with
that situation? How does he carry
on loving both sides? Both sides of
himself?
Isaac was only four years old.
He didn’t fully comprehend what
was happening, and as Andrew
stepped aside, Isaac started crying.
“Daddy, what are you doing?
Daddy, what are you doing?”
“Isaac, go to your brother,”

Abel said.
Isaac ran over to Andrew, and
Andrew held him. Then Abel raised
his gun and he started shooting. My
mother jumped in front of the gun
to protect everyone, and that’s
when she took the first bullet, not
in her leg but in her butt cheek. She
collapsed, and as she fell to the
ground she screamed.
“Run!”
Abel kept shooting and
everyone ran. They scattered. My
mom was struggling to get back to
her feet when Abel walked up and
stood over her. He pointed the gun
at her head point-blank, execution-

style. Then he pulled the trigger.
Nothing. The gun misfired. Click!
He pulled the trigger again, same
thing. Then again and again. Click!
Click! Click! Click! Four times he
pulled the trigger, and four times
the gun misfired. Bullets were
popping out of the ejection port,
falling out of the gun, falling down
on my mom and clattering to the
ground.
Abel stopped to see what was
wrong with the gun. My mother
jumped up in a panic. She shoved
him aside, ran for the car, jumped
into the driver’s seat.
Andrew ran behind and jumped

into the passenger seat next to her.
Just as she turned the ignition,
Andrew heard one last gunshot, and
the windshield went red. Abel had
fired from behind the car. The
bullet went into the back of her
head and exited through the front
of her face, and blood sprayed
everywhere. Her body slumped over
the steering wheel. Andrew,
reacting without thinking, pulled
my mom to the passenger side,
flipped over her, jumped into the
driver’s seat, slammed the car into
gear, and raced to the hospital in
Linksfield.
I asked Andrew what happened

to Abel. He didn’t know. I was filled
with rage, but there was nothing I
could do. I felt completely
impotent, but I still felt I had to do
something. So I took out my phone
and I called him—I called the man
who’d just shot my mom, and he
actually picked up.
“Trevor.”
“You killed my mom.”
“Yes, I did.”
“You killed my mom!”
“Yes. And if I could find you, I
would kill you as well.”
Then he hung up. It was the
most chilling moment. It was

terrifying. Whatever nerve I’d
worked up to call him I
immediately lost. To this day I don’t
know what I was thinking. I don’t
know what I expected to happen. I
was just enraged.
I kept asking Andrew
questions, trying to get more
details. Then, as we were talking, a
nurse came outside looking for me.
“Are you the family?” she
asked.
“Yes.”
“Sir, there’s a problem. Your
mother was speaking a bit at first.
She’s stopped now, but from what
we’ve gathered she doesn’t have

health insurance.”
“What? No, no. That can’t be
true. I know my mom has health
insurance.”
She didn’t. As it turned out, a
few months prior, she’d decided,
“This health insurance is a scam. I
never get sick. I’m going to cancel
it.” So now she had no health
insurance.
“We can’t treat your mother
here,” the nurse said. “If she doesn’t
have insurance we have to send her
to a state hospital.”
“State hospital?! What—no!
You can’t. My mom’s been shot in
the head. You’re going to put her

back on a gurney? Send her out in
an ambulance? She’ll die. You need
to treat her right now.”
“Sir, we can’t. We need a form
of payment.”
“I’m your form of payment. I’ll
pay.”
“Yes, people say that, but
without a guarantee—”
I pulled out my credit card.
“Here,” I said. “Take this. I’ll
pay. I’ll pay for everything.”
“Sir, hospital can be very
expensive.”
“I don’t care.”
“Sir, I don’t think you

understand. Hospital can be really
expensive.”
“Lady, I have money. I’ll pay
anything. Just help us.”
“Sir, you don’t understand. We
have to do so many tests. One test
alone could cost two, three
thousand rand.”
“Three thousan—what? Lady,
this is my mother’s life we’re
talking about. I’ll pay.”
“Sir, you don’t understand.
Your mother has been shot. In her
brain. She’ll be in ICU. One night in
ICU could cost you fifteen, twenty
thousand rand.”
“Lady, are you not listening to

me? This is my mother’s life. This is
her life. Take the money. Take all of
it. I don’t care.”
“Sir! You don’t understand. I’ve
seen this happen. Your mother
could be in the ICU for weeks. This
could cost you five hundred
thousand, six hundred thousand.
Maybe even millions. You’ll be in
debt for the rest of your life.”
I’m not going to lie to you: I
paused. I paused hard. In that
moment, what I heard the nurse
saying was, “All of your money will
be gone,” and then I started to
think, Well…what is she, fifty?
That’s pretty good, right? She’s

lived a good life.
I genuinely did not know what
to do. I stared at the nurse as the
shock of what she’d said sunk in.
My mind raced through a dozen
different scenarios. What if I spend
that money and then she dies
anyway? Do I get a refund? I
actually imagined my mother, as
frugal as she was, waking up from a
coma and saying, “You spent how
much? You idiot. You should have
saved that money to look after your
brothers.” And what about my
brothers? They would be my
responsibility now. I would have to
raise the family, which I couldn’t do

if I was millions in debt, and it was
always my mother’s solemn vow
that raising my brothers was the
one thing I would never have to do.
Even as my career took off, she’d
refused any help I offered. “I don’t
want you paying for your mother
the same way I had to pay for
mine,” she’d say. “I don’t want you
raising your brothers the same way
Abel had to raise his.”
My mother’s greatest fear was
that I would end up paying the
black tax, that I would get trapped
by the cycle of poverty and violence
that came before me. She had
always promised me that I would be

the one to break that cycle. I would
be the one to move forward and not
back. And as I looked at that nurse
outside the emergency room, I was
petrified that the moment I handed
her my credit card, the cycle would
just continue and I’d get sucked
right back in.
People say all the time that
they’d do anything for the people
they love. But would you really?
Would you do anything? Would you
give everything? I don’t know that a
child knows that kind of selfless
love. A mother, yes. A mother will
clutch her children and jump from a
moving car to keep them from

harm. She will do it without
thinking. But I don’t think the child
knows how to do that, not
instinctively. It’s something the
child has to learn.
I pressed my credit card into
the nurse’s hand.
“Do whatever you have to do.
Just please help my mom.”
We spent the rest of the day in
limbo, waiting, not knowing, pacing
around the hospital, family
members stopping by. Several
hours later, the doctor finally came
out of the emergency room to give
us an update.
“What’s happening?” I asked.

“Your mother is stable,” he
said. “She’s out of surgery.”
“Is she going to be okay?”
He thought for a moment
about what he was going to say.
“I don’t like to use this word,”
he said, “because I’m a man of
science and I don’t believe in it. But
what happened to your mother
today was a miracle. I never say
that, because I hate it when people
say it, but I don’t have any other
way to explain this.”
The bullet that hit my mother
in the butt, he said, was a through-
and-through. It went in, came out,
and didn’t do any real damage. The

other bullet went through the back
of her head, entering below the
skull at the top of her neck. It
missed the spinal cord by a hair,
missed the medulla oblongata, and
traveled through her head just
underneath the brain, missing every
major vein, artery, and nerve. With
the trajectory the bullet was on, it
was headed straight for her left eye
socket and would have blown out
her eye, but at the last second it
slowed down, hit her cheekbone
instead, shattered her cheekbone,
ricocheted off, and came out
through her left nostril. On the
gurney in the emergency room, the

blood had made the wound look
much worse than it was. The bullet
took off only a tiny flap of skin on
the side of her nostril, and it came
out clean, with no bullet fragments
left inside. She didn’t even need
surgery. They stopped the bleeding,
stitched her up in back, stitched her
up in front, and let her heal.
“There was nothing we can do,
because there’s nothing we need to
do,” the doctor said.
My mother was out of the
hospital in four days. She was back
at work in seven.
—

The doctors kept her sedated the
rest of that day and night to rest.
They told all of us to go home.
“She’s stable,” they said. “There’s
nothing you can do here. Go home
and sleep.” So we did.
I went back first thing the next
morning to be with my mother in
her room and wait for her to wake
up. When I walked in she was still
asleep. The back of her head was
bandaged. She had stitches in her
face and gauze covering her nose
and her left eye. She looked frail
and weak, tired, one of the few
times in my life I’d ever seen her
look that way.

I sat close by her bed, holding
her hand, waiting and watching her
breathe, a flood of thoughts going
through my mind. I was still afraid I
was going to lose her. I was angry at
myself for not being there, angry at
the police for all the times they
didn’t arrest Abel. I told myself I
should have killed him years ago,
which was ridiculous to think
because I’m not capable of killing
anyone, but I thought it anyway. I
was angry at the world, angry at
God. Because all my mom does is
pray. If there’s a fan club for Jesus,
my mom is definitely in the top
100, and this is what she gets?

After an hour or so of waiting,
she opened her unbandaged eye.
The second she did, I lost it. I
started bawling. She asked for some
water and I gave her a cup, and she
leaned forward a bit to sip through
the straw. I kept bawling and
bawling and bawling. I couldn’t
control myself.
“Shh,” she said. “Don’t cry,
baby. Shhhhh. Don’t cry.”
“How can I not cry, Mom? You
almost died.”
“No, I wasn’t going to die. I
wasn’t going to die. It’s okay. I
wasn’t going to die.”
“But I thought you were dead.”

I kept bawling and bawling. “I
thought I’d lost you.”
“No, baby. Baby, don’t cry.
Trevor. Trevor, listen. Listen to me.
Listen.”
“What?” I said, tears streaming
down my face.
“My child, you must look on
the bright side.”
“What? What are you talking
about, ‘the bright side’? Mom, you
were shot in the face. There is no
bright side.”
“Of course there is. Now you’re
officially the best-looking person in
the family.”

She broke out in a huge smile
and started laughing. Through my
tears, I started laughing, too. I was
bawling my eyes out and laughing
hysterically at the same time. We
sat there and she squeezed my hand
and we cracked each other up the
way we always did, mother and son,
laughing together through the pain
in an intensive-care recovery room
on a bright and sunny and beautiful
day.

W h en my moth er was sh ot, so
mu ch h appened so qu ickly. We
were only able to piece th e wh ole
story togeth er after th e fact, as we
collected all th e different accou nts
from everyone wh o was th ere.
Waiting arou nd at th e h ospital th at
day, we h ad so many u nanswered
qu estions, like, Wh at h appened to
I saac? Wh ere was I saac? We only
fou nd ou t after we fou nd h im and
h e told u s.
Wh en Andrew sped off with my
mom, leaving th e fou r-year-old
alone on th e front lawn, Abel
walked over to h is you ngest, picked

h im u p, pu t th e boy in h is car, and
drove away. As th ey drove, I saac
tu rned to h is dad.
“Dad, wh y did you kill Mom?”
h e asked, at th at point assu ming,
as we all did, th at my mom was
dead.
“Becau se I ’m very u nh appy,”
Abel replied. “Becau se I ’m very
sad.”
“Yeah , bu t you sh ou ldn’t kill
Mom. Wh ere are we going now?”
“I ’m going to drop you off at
you r u ncle’s h ou se.”
“And wh ere are you going?”
“I ’m going to kill myself.”
“Bu t don’t kill you rself, Dad.”
“No, I ’m going to kill myself.”
Th e u ncle Abel was talking
abou t was not a real u ncle bu t a

friend. He dropped I saac off with
th is friend and th en h e drove off.
He spent th at day and went to
everyone, relatives and friends,
and said h is goodbyes. He even told
people wh at h e h ad done. “Th is is
wh at I ’ve done. I ’ve killed h er, and
I ’m now on th e way to kill myself.
Goodbye.” He spent th e wh ole day
on th is strange farewell tou r, u ntil
finally one of h is cou sins called h im
ou t.
“You need to man u p,” th e
cou sin said. “Th is is th e coward’s
way. You need to tu rn you rself in.
I f you were man enou gh to do th is,
you h ave to be man enou gh to face
th e consequ ences.”
Abel broke down and h anded
h is gu n over to th e cou sin, th e
cou sin drove h im to th e police

station, and Abel tu rned h imself
in.
He spent a cou ple of weeks in
jail, waiting for a bail h earing. We
filed a motion opposing bail
becau se h e’d sh own th at h e was a
th reat. Since Andrew and I saac
were still minors, social workers
started getting involved. We felt
like th e case was open-and-sh u t,
bu t th en one day, after a month or
so, we got a call th at h e’d made bail.
Th e great irony was th at h e got bail
becau se h e told th e ju dge th at if h e
was in jail, h e cou ldn’t earn money
to su pport h is kids. Bu t h e wasn’t
su pporting h is kids—my mom was
su pporting th e kids.
So Abel was ou t. Th e case
slowly grou nd its way th rou gh th e
legal system, and everyth ing went

against u s. Becau se of my moth er’s
miracu lou s recovery, th e ch arge
was only attempted mu rder. And
becau se no domestic violence
ch arges h ad ever been filed in all
th e times my moth er h ad called th e
police to report h im, Abel h ad no
criminal record. He got a good
lawyer, wh o continu ed to lean on
th e cou rt abou t th e fact th at h e h ad
ch ildren at h ome wh o needed h im.
Th e case never went to trial. Abel
pled gu ilty to attempted mu rder.
He was given th ree years’
probation. He didn’t serve a single
day in prison. He kept joint cu stody
of h is sons. He’s walking arou nd
Joh annesbu rg today, completely
free. Th e last I h eard h e still lives
somewh ere arou nd High lands
North , not too far from my mom.

—
Th e final piece of th e story came
from my mom, wh o cou ld only tell
u s h er side after sh e woke u p. Sh e
remembered Abel pu lling u p and
pointing th e gu n at Andrew. Sh e
remembered falling to th e grou nd
after getting sh ot in th e ass. Th en
Abel came and stood over h er and
pointed h is gu n at h er h ead. Sh e
looked u p and looked at h im
straigh t down th e barrel of th e
gu n. Th en sh e started to pray, and
th at’s wh en th e gu n misfired. Th en
it misfired again. Th en it misfired
again, and again. Sh e ju mped u p,
sh oved h im away, and ran for th e
car. Andrew leapt in beside h er and
sh e tu rned th e ignition and th en
h er memory went blank.

To th is day, nobody can explain
wh at h appened. Even th e police
didn’t u nderstand. Becau se it
wasn’t like th e gu n didn’t work. I t
fired, and th en it didn’t fire, and
th en it fired again for th e final
sh ot. Anyone wh o knows anyth ing
abou t firearms will tell you th at a
9mm h andgu n cannot misfire in
th e way th at gu n did. Bu t at th e
crime scene th e police h ad drawn
little ch alk circles all over th e
driveway, all with spent sh ell
casings from th e sh ots Abel fired,
and th en th ese fou r bu llets, intact,
from wh en h e was standing over
my mom—nobody knows wh y.
My mom’s total h ospital bill
came to 50,000 rand. I paid it th e
day we left. For fou r days we’d been
in th e h ospital, family members

visiting, talking and h anging ou t,
lau gh ing and crying. As we packed
u p h er th ings to leave, I was going
on abou t h ow insane th e wh ole
week h ad been.
“You ’re lu cky to be alive,” I told
h er. “I still can’t believe you didn’t
h ave any h ealth insu rance.”
“Oh bu t I do h ave insu rance,”
sh e said.
“You do?”
“Yes. Jesu s.”
“Jesu s?”
“Jesu s.”
“Jesu s is you r h ealth
insu rance?”
“I f God is with me, wh o can be
against me?”
“Okay, Mom.”

“Trevor, I prayed. I told you I
prayed. I don’t pray for noth ing.”
“You know,” I said, “for once I
cannot argu e with you . Th e gu n,
th e bu llets—I can’t explain any of
it. So I ’ll give you th at mu ch .” Th en
I cou ldn’t resist teasing h er with
one last little jab. “Bu t wh ere was
you r Jesu s to pay you r h ospital bill,
h mm? I know for a fact th at He
didn’t pay th at.”
Sh e smiled and said, “You ’re
righ t. He didn’t. Bu t He blessed me
with th e son wh o did.”

For my mother. My first fan. Thank
you for making me a man.

For nurturing my career these past
years and steering me down the
road that led to this book, I owe
many thanks to Norm Aladjem,
Derek Van Pelt, Sanaz Yamin,
Rachel Rusch, Matt Blake, Jeff
Endlich, and Jill Fritzo.
For making this book deal
happen and keeping it on track
during a very tight and hectic time,
I would like to thank Peter
McGuigan and his team at Foundry
Literary + Media, including Kirsten
Neuhaus, Sara DeNobrega, and

Claire Harris. Also, many thanks to
Tanner Colby for helping me put
my story on the page.
For seeing the potential in this
book and making it a reality, I
would like to thank everyone at
Random House and Spiegel & Grau,
including my editor Chris Jackson,
publishers Julie Grau and Cindy
Spiegel, Tom Perry, Greg Mollica,
Susan Turner, Andrea DeWerd,
Leigh Marchant, Barbara Fillon,
Dhara Parikh, Rebecca Berlant,
Kelly Chian, Nicole Counts, and
Gina Centrello.
For bringing this book home to
South Africa and making sure it is

http://amzn.to/2g5kILZ

published with the utmost care, I
would like to thank everyone at Pan
Macmillan South Africa, including
Sean Fraser, Sandile Khumalo,
Andrea Nattrass, Rhulani
Netshivhera, Sandile Nkosi,
Nkateko Traore, Katlego Tapala,
Wesley Thompson, and Mia van
Heerden.
For reading this manuscript in
its early stages and sharing
thoughts and ideas to make it the
finished product you hold in your
hands, I owe my deepest gratitude
to Khaya Dlanga, David Kibuuka,
Anele Mdoda, Ryan Harduth, Sizwe
Dhlomo, and Xolisa Dyeshana.

And, finally, for bringing me
into this world and making me the
man I am today, I owe the greatest
debt, a debt I can never repay, to my
mother.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
TREVOR NOAH is a comedian from South
Africa.
trevornoah.com
Facebook.com/ OfficialTrevorNoah
Twitter: @Trevornoah
Instagram: @trevornoah

http://trevornoah.com

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Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Immorality Act, 1927
Part I
Chapter 1: Run
Chapter 2: Born a Crime
Chapter 3: Trevor, Pray
Chapter 4: Chameleon
Chapter 5: The Second Girl
Chapter 6: Loopholes
Chapter 7: Fufi
Chapter 8: Robert
Part II
Chapter 9: The Mulberry Tree
Chapter 10: A Young Man’s Long, Awkward, Occasionally Tragic, and Frequently Humiliating Education in Affairs of the Heart, Part I: Valentine’s Day
Chapter 11: Outsider
Chapter 12: A Young Man’s Long, Awkward, Occasionally Tragic, and Frequently Humiliating Education in Affairs of the Heart, Part II: The Crush
Chapter 13: Colorblind
Chapter 14: A Young Man’s Long, Awkward, Occasionally Tragic, and Frequently Humiliating Education in Affairs of the Heart, Part III: The Dance
Part III
Chapter 15: Go Hitler!
Chapter 16: The Cheese Boys
Chapter 17: The World Doesn’t Love You
Chapter 18: My Mother’s Life
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Author

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