general microbiology

  

QUESTION 1

1. Compare aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. How are the processes similar? How are they different? How do these processes determine which environment the organism can live in?

    
   [Key terms to use in answer: electron transport chain, cytochrome, ATP, glucose, glycolysis, obligate aerobe,      facultative anaerobe, microaerophile, obligate anaerobe, oxidase,      catalase, peroxidase, CO 2, organic acids and alcohols, alternative substrates (other than glucose).

QUESTION 2

1. Using your knowledge of DNA recombination      events to complete the following:

   Propose two ways in       which antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacterium
   Describe how bacterial       cells acquire the ability to produce toxins

(Use the following terminology in your answer: recombination, DNA, horizontal gene transfer, conjugation, transformation, transduction, pilus, F factor, transposable elements, transposons, pathogenicity islands).

QUESTION 3

1. Discuss how a pathogen causes an infection.      Include definitions for the primary pathogen, opportunistic pathogen,      infection, disease (caused by a living organism), and various stages of pathogenesis. You can choose a specific organism to describe (like      Orthomyxovirus and Influenza) or discuss a generalized infection.

QUESTION 4

1. 

  Describe each type of infection in the following list and include the mode of  transmission in each scenario.  Use terms such as primary, secondary, healthcare-associated, STI, mixed, latent, toxemia, chronic, zoonotic, asymptomatic,  local, and systemic to describe the types of infections (more than one term  may apply, some may not apply to these conditions)

1) The development of  Pneumocystis is pneumonia in an AIDS patient
2) Salmonellosis
3) Hantavirus  pulmonary syndrome infection acquired while vacationing in a log cabin