Fundamentals of Speech Communication 4

Choose 1 of the three topics and check the 2 other documents which are related to the assignment. 

Rationale: The purpose of this assignment is to encourage students to prepare persuasive speeches with ethos, pathos, and logos. Each student should communicate with his/her audience to accomplish a specific goal and to ensure the audience accepts his/her point of view. Whether formal or personal, this type of speech intends to bring about a change in others. Sales pitches, legal proceedings and debates are all forms of persuasive speech. The aim is to change existing beliefs or call the audience to take action (buy goods, join a group, etc.).

Tasks/ Instructions

· Choose one of the topics below.

· Write a persuasive speech outline, with complete sentences (450 -700 words).

· Follow the sample outline on your Moodle page.

· Use at least two sources and prepare a reference page in APA style.

Choose one of these topics for your outline:

1. Pollution is negatively affecting humanity.

2. Hybrid cars are good for the environment.

3. Eating organic is good for your health.

Student Name:

ID:

Title of the speech

General goal of the Speech

Specific goal of the speech

1. Attention: attention getter, listener relevance, speaker credibility, thesis statement (Answer in complete sentences.)

Attention getter:

Listener relevance:

Speaker credibility:

Thesis statement:

2. Need: the need for change. Now that you have your audience’s attention, you will clearly show them what the problem is and the extent of it. Use examples, statistics, etc. Remember to cite your sources and to link them all by using transitions. (Answer in complete sentences.)

Main point 1

Main point 2

Main point 3

3.
Solution: offer your solution, demonstrate how it meets the problem, use examples, and support with facts. (Answer in complete sentences.)

Solution:

Explanation (how it meets the problem):

4.
Visualization: help the audience see the future, explain the outcome of their action or inaction. (Answer in complete sentences.)

1. If you apply my solution:

2. If you don’t apply my solution:

5.
Action: present your call to action. The call to action can be embedded in any combination of the following: a summary, a quotation, a challenge or appeal, an example. (Answer in complete sentences.)

Summary:

Call to action:

1.

2.

3.

Memorable Close:

GRADING RUBRIC | ASSIGNMENT 4 | PERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE| 15%

Criteria

Unsatisfactory

Poor

Average

Good

Very Good

Structure: Follows the assignment requirements and template.

0-2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

Attention: Attention grabber is present, audience relevance is established, speaker credibility is explaine. Appeals are made to the audience’s positive and negative emotions.

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-17

18-20

Need: Need for change is established, facts and support are appropriate. In-text citations are provided. Appeals are made to the audience’s positive and negative emotions.

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-17

18-20

Solution: Solution is offered and explained, demonstrates how it meets the problem.

0-2

3-5

6-7

8-12

13-15

Visualization: The future outcome is explained, the audience “experiences” the solution.

0-2

3-5

6-7

8-12

13-15

Action: A call to action is presented. Effective, doable, and practical steps are offered to the audience.

0-2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

Use of Language: has effective transitions and signposts, communicates meaning clearly, is proofread. APA is used correctly.

0-2

3-4

5-6

7-8

9-10

TOTAL POINTS __________%

NOTES

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Persuasive Speech Outline: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence (MMS)

Fear of Public Speaking by Susan Dudale

General goal: To persuade

Specific goal: I want to encourage people in the audience to take a course to overcome their fear of public speaking.

Step one

–

Attention

Do you know the real costs of public speaking fear? The price is high. Research reveals that a person with public speaking fear is 10%

less

likely to graduate

from

college

,

is likely to receive 10% less in wages and is

15

% less likely to take on management or leadership positions. Who pays? Us. You. Me. Anybody who allows fear to govern their decision making. We pay by sacrificing our potential selves, putting our dreams away, and settling for less. Why?

Credibility statement

That’s a question I asked myself a long time ago. As a teacher with many years of experience I saw far too many students who would do anything they could to avoid public speaking. To answer it I researched. Then I used those answers to devise public speaking programs that were effective and fun.

Transition – the link from step 1 to step 2

Can you imagine the positive impact feeling OK about speaking up would have? On individuals? On families? On our community?

Step two

–

Need

A. According to Hamilton (2018),

75

% of people suffer from some degree of glossophobia – fear of speaking in public.

1. At the extreme upper end of this very large group are the people who would literally run a mile rather than speak. For example, they will not apply for promotions if the new position means giving presentations. They will not give a speech at a special family occasion – a wedding, birthday or funeral. Public speaking makes them ill, literally. There may be quite a few of you here, so you’ll know exactly what I mean.

2. At the other end of the scale are the people who have one or two butterflies fluttering around – enough to make them register they’re a little nervous about speaking but it’s nothing to worry about. There’s likely not so many of you here. If you have come along, it’s probably to support someone who needs it! Thank you.

B. Begins in youth.

1. “The fear of public speaking is more common in younger patients as compared to older ones and may be more prevalent in females as compared to males,” says Jeffrey R. Strawn, associate professor of psychiatry and pediatrics and director of the Anxiety Disorders Research Program in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience at the University of Cincinnati.

2. More than 75% of people experience their first symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder which often includes fear of public speaking during their childhood or early teenage years

– American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Understanding Mental Disorders

Transition – the link between step 2 and step 3

However there is a way to break this pattern of anxiety. It can be stopped, and everyone who wants to can learn to speak in public confidently.

Step three – Satisfaction

A. Come along to an introductory course

1. It’s free, led by experienced teachers and especially designed for people with a history of being nervous about speaking in public.

2. Once a week for 4 weeks you’ll have 2 hours of practical public speaking training and practice.

3. You’ll learn tips and tricks to manage your anxiety, to give varying types of presentations, to effectively structure a speech, and to confidently deliver a speech.

Transition – the link between step 3 and step 4

Can you imagine the positive impact that would have on people’s lives? Maybe yours?

Step four -Visualization

A. Imagine what society would be like if everyone took full advantage of the educational opportunities that best fitted their interests and abilities. How would that feel?

1. There would be much less personal dissatisfaction and social unrest caused by people working in positions that do not pay very well or extend their skills and wellbeing. That would be much healthier: physically, emotionally and mentally, for everybody. You could ask for a raise! Apply for that job you always wanted! Give a presentation! Toast your bride!

B. What disadvantages could there possibly be?

1. Perhaps it could uncomfortable for those who have got used to assuming the right to talk for others without consultation. Is that really a bad thing?

2. Perhaps it could lead to robust conversations where there are differing opinions over issues? Again, is that a bad thing? It could be an opportunity to polish debating skills.

Transition

–

the link from step 4 to step 5

Let’s do more than imagine speaking in public freely and competently. Let’s take the steps

towards making it happen.

Step five

–

Action

A.

(

Summary

)

Apparently 3/4 of us

–

75

%, are nervous about public speaking

–

often the result of a bad

experience when we’re young. That has a direct impact on our adult lives. If we allow it to

continue it is likely we will be paid l

ess, fall out of college without graduating and settle for

less
–

challenging jobs. In short

–

live a lesser life. However, it doesn’t have to be like that. We

could choose to change. We could become our bigger and best selves.

B

. (Memorable Close)

Who knows what magic may happen once you speak up! There are

15

places

available. Make one of them yours.

References

Black

, R

. (2018, June 4)

Glossophobia (Fear of Public Speaking): Are You

Glossophobic?

Retrieved from

https://www.psycom.net/glossophobia

–

fear

–

of

–

public

–

speaking

Franklin

,

S. (2005) Social Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved

from

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/psychmed2/3_2005/Schneier

–

SocialAnxietyDisorderBW

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The persuasive speech outline below uses the classic 5 step pattern called Monroe’s Motivated Sequence.

This method of organizing material forms the basis of many of the successful political, public awareness or advertising campaigns you see and hear around you on a daily basis. Why? Because it faithfully follows the psychology of persuasion. In a nutshell, it works. Exceedingly well.

Overview of Monroe’s 5 step motivation sequence

In developing your persuasive speech outline you will follow these 5 steps:

1. Attention

Grab the audience’s attention

2. Need

Establish there is a problem (need) demanding their attention

3. Satisfaction

Outline a solution to the problem

4. Visualization

Show the audience how they will benefit from your solution

5. Action

Provide the impetus and means to act

The five steps in more detail

Getting attention

–

step 1

This step is your introductory “listen up” call. To make it effective, it needs to grab the audience. It could be any of the following:

· a startling statement,

· a rhetorical question,

· a quotation, a funny story,

· a dramatic story,

· a photograph or other visual aid.

Put yourself in the position of your audience when deciding how to hook and hold their attention. Why should they listen to you? How does what you have to say benefit them? Is it relevant to them? How?

Step one – attention, establishing credibility, listener relevance, thesis statement

As well as getting their attention you also need to establish your credibility or right to talk on the subject. Your audience needs to know that they can believe what you’re telling them. If they feel they can trust your expertise and experience they will be much more likely to follow your lead.

Transition – the link from step 1 to step 2

Establish the need

–

step 2

This step develops the need for change. Now that you have your audience’s attention, you will clearly show them what the problem is and the extent of it.

To be effective, use:

· examples to illustrate how it impacts on them – their happiness, future, health, family…

· statistics – facts, figures, graphs, diagrams. Remember to cite your sources. You need recognized sources to give your speech the credibility you want.

· expert witness testimony – the more authoritative, the better

Your goal at the conclusion of this step is to have your audience eager to hear your solution. They agree with you that there is a problem and want the answer.

Transition – the link between step 2 and step 3

Satisfy the need

–

step 3

Now you outline your answer or solution and show the audience how it will work. To do this well:

· outline your solution succinctly

· demonstrate how it meets the problem

· use examples to show how effective it is

· support with facts, figures, graphs, diagrams, statistics, testimony…

· if there is known opposition to your solution, acknowledge and counteract showing how your plan overturns it

The ideal outcome of this step is the audience nodding and saying to themselves: “Yes. This is possible, practical and sensible.” Your answer satisfies them. It gives them “satisfaction”.

Transition – the link between step 3 and step 4

See the future – step 4

In this step, the audience “experiences” the solution. They see (feel, hear, taste…) what will happen if they do as you are suggesting contrasted against what will happen if they don’t do as you are suggesting.

This step relies on your use of vivid imagery to portray the outcome of their action, or inaction. They see and feel the pleasure, or pain, in their imagination. To bring it home to your audience the pictures you provide, the stories you tell, need to be relevant and believable. What you want folk thinking as you conclude this step is: “I can see that this would be good for me.”

Transition – the link from step 4 to step 5

Take action

–

step 5

In this last step you present your call to action. The call to action can be embedded in any combination of the following:

· a summary

· a quotation

· a challenge or appeal

· an example

To be effective, the action step must be readily doable and executed as soon as possible. Make it as easy as you can for your audience. If you want them to sign up for something, have the forms available. In other words do the leg work for them! Action steps that are delayed even for 48 hours are less likely to be acted on. We’re human – life goes on. Other things intervene and the initial urgency is lost.

Step five – Action: Summary, Call to Immediate Action, Memorable Close/Clincher

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