Cyn-7 assgn

4/12

This week, you will focus on the causes of the problem and the effects that resulted from these causes. You may have discussed causes of the problem in your literature review. However, clearly understanding and presenting the causes is essential to understanding the problem, prior to coming up with a solution to the problem. 

For this week, you will examine the causes of your Capstone problem and the effects that result from those causes.

This week, you identified several causes and effects of your Capstone problem. For this Assignment, you are to explain 3 primary causes and 3 effects from those causes. You will need a thorough discussion of each cause (fully describe the source) and the effects (fully describe who is impacted and how). Following the description of the 3 causes and effects, this narrative should conclude with a final paragraph that briefly summarizes those causes and your reaction to the relationship between these causes and the development of the problem.To prepare:

·  Review the Learning Resources related to causes and effects and how this might support your Assignment.

·  Review the “Causes and Effects of Your Capstone Problem Organizational Matrix” found in the Learning Resources and use this template to help you organize your thoughts and ideas for this Assignment.

·  Review your research from your literature review related to your specific problem and consider 3 causes and 3 effects that were described about your problem.

Assignment (2–3 pages, not including title page and reference page) 

·  Write a clearly defined narrative that incorporates the 3 causes and 3 effects and explain how these causes and effects relate to your problem.

·  Explain your reaction to the findings about the causes and effects of the problem.

·  Explain whether you believe these causes could have been prevented and how.

·  Explain which cause or effect you think was most important in leading to the problem and why.

Running Head:

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

Jamiah Riddick

Walden University

FPSY – 6393; MS Psychology Capstone

Dr. Jackson

March 28th, 2021

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

Literature Review Matrix Template

References (complete APA format):
Peer-reviewed?

Yes or No
What are the main ideas or themes from

this article?
How do these main themes relate to

your Capstone problem?

1. Balbuzanov. Ivan (2019). Lies and
consequences: The effect of lie
detection on communication
outcomes. International Journal of
Game Theory. ttps://eds-a-ebscohost-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/detail

Yes The article focuses on communication
strategy along with informed senders
and a receiver informed along with
aligned partial preferences. This
strategy focuses on the ability to detect
lies by the sender.

The results from this study identify
stochastic reviews for receivers
revealing lie-detection equilibrium.

©Walden University 2019

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

/detail?vid=1&sid=38bf5f39-4fca-
48e0-ae0d-722a45f7871c%40sdc-v-
sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRz
LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d
%3d#AN=139273631&db=bth

2. Vrij, A., Leal, S., & Fisher, R. P. (2018).
Verbal deception and the model statement as
a lie detection tool. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9,
492.

Yes The article introduces techniques in lie
detection by describing why the strategy
works while reviewing empirical
evidence that the technique works and
outlining its application.

The article introduces a technique
following the model statement that
developed methods in lie detection.

3.
Monaro, M., Galante, C., Spolaor, R., Li, Q.
Q., Gamberini, L., Conti, M., & Sartori, G.
(2018). Covert lie detection using keyboard
dynamics. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-10.

Yes The authors in the article focus on
identifying subjects without external
verifications such as fingerprints or
DNA in an unsolved manner.

The article’s issue of individual lies as
it aims to verify fake information
identified following dynamics
specific to keystroke response.
Keystroke is used to distinguish liars
from individuals talking the truth.

4. Vrij, A. (2018). Verbal lie detection tools
from an applied perspective. In Detecting
concealed information and deception (pp.
297-327). Academic Press.

No The article introduces techniques in
detecting lies verbally. These include
RM, SCAN, SVA, CCA VA, and SUE.

The validity of these techniques can
solve the issue of verbal lies.

5. Vrij, A., Fisher, R. P., & Blank, H. (2017).
A cognitive approach to lie detection: A
meta‐analysis. Legal and Criminological
Psychology, 22(1), 1-21.

Yes The authors provide an analysis meta-
analysis involving a new cognitive
approach to the detection of non-verbal
lies. The approach comprises of three
strategies; encourage the interviewees to

The cognitive approach to the
detection of lies comprised of results
accurate in the detection of truth as
compared to the traditional
approaches.

©Walden University 2019

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

become open, asking questions
unexpectedly, and imposing a cognitive
load.

6. Sai, L., Wu, H., Hu, X., & Fu, G. (2018).
Telling the truth to deceive: examining
executive control and reward-related
processes underlying interpersonal deception.
Brain and cognition, 125, 149-156.

No The article examines reward-related and
executive control processes that
underlie deception interpersonally.
After experiments, deception feedbacks
resulted in greater positivity in reward
compared to honest feedback.

The article determines whether
truthful opinions or false statements
modulate their reward or executive
control processes.

7. Fu, H., Qiu, W., Ma, H., & Ma, Q. (2017).
Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying
deceptive hazard evaluation: an event-related
potentials investigation. PloS one, 12(8),
e0182892.

Yes Deceptive acts are common among
humans during interactions socially.
The authors applied the event-related
practices in understanding how neutral
correlates with participant’s deception.

The article showed that honesty
interactions between
deceptive/truthful with accuracy on
safety.

8. Anderson, D., Stephenson, M., Togelius,
J., Salge, C., Levine, J., & Renz, J. (2018,
April). Deceptive games. In International
Conference on the Applications of
Evolutionary Computation (pp. 376-391).
Springer, Cham.

Yes The article outlines deception existing
in games where the structure of reward
involves game aspects that are designed
in leading agents from optimal policies.
The games covered a certain deception
type that is classified according to
artificial frameworks on intelligence.

This suggests the understanding of
deception along with capabilities of
the algorithm in games that
characterize deception.

9. De Gaspari, F., Jajodia, S., Mancini, L. V.,
& Pagnotta, G. (2019). Towards intelligent
cyber deception systems. In Autonomous
Cyber Deception (pp. 21-33). Springer,

No This article deals sophistication increase
in cyber-attacks nature that decreases
expert effectiveness in human
intervention from the response time.

This relates to the coursework as it
presents prototypes concerning a
framework designed to simplify the
development of tools to prevent

©Walden University 2019

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

Cham. deception.
10. Markowitz, D. M. (2020). The deception
faucet: A metaphor to conceptualize
deception and its detection. New Ideas in
Psychology, 59, 100816.

No The authors seek to understand the
reasons for minimal cues for the
deception that is reliable and the
challenges associated with it. The article
highlights the theories existing by
suggesting the production discourse in
deceptive production.

The article highlights the basic
components of deception as goals,
deceptive expectations, and truth-lie
base rates.

11. Levitan, S. I. (2019). Deception in spoken
dialogue: Classification and individual
differences (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia
University).

Yes Detection of automatic deception is a
significant problem that touches
implications that are far-reaching
involving social services, politics, and
intelligence agencies.

Challenges associated with designing
methods for solving challenges
associated with deception revolve
around acquiring the truth incentives.

12. Vidanagama, D. U., Silva, T. P., &
Karunananda, A. S. (2020). Deceptive
consumer review detection: a
survey. Artificial Intelligence Review, 53(2),
1323-1352.

Yes Various consumers often rely on true
reviews that offer credible opinions in
mining consumers in response to a
specific product. This attracts fraudsters
who might generate reviews that are
deceptive in manipulating consumer’s
decisions in harmful and persistent
issues.

The article provides an analysis in-
depth of current research that detects
reviews that are deceptive while
identifying bottlenecks and strengths
in the improvement of deception
methodologies.

13. Nahari, G., Ashkenazi, T., Fisher, R. P.,
Granhag, P. A., Hershkowitz, I., Masip, J., …
& Vrij, A. (2019). ‘Language of lies’: Urgent
issues and prospects in verbal lie detection
research. Legal and Criminological
Psychology, 24(1), 1-23.

Yes The article proposes various solutions to
promote verbal lies detection by using
workshops that promote urgent
solutions to problems concerning
deception.

The article offers various solutions to
methods that can be applied to
enhance the detection of lies in
various fields, such as forensic
psychology.

14.

©Walden University 2019

Critical Review and Organization of Scholarly Resources

15.

©Walden University 2019

2

Literature Review

Students Name

Institution Affiliation

Date

The literature review is regarded as an integral part of research scientifically, where systematic reviews are considered as significant evidence synthesis standards. However, various reviews in literature might fail from the standards and later provide either incorrect or biased conclusions. This paper discusses various challenges associated with literature review while providing solutions to mitigate the problems.

Many approaches in literature review have poor or no relevance where the engagement by stakeholders produces reviews that blocks the decision-makers from practical use. This problem can be mitigated by identifying stakeholders contacting and mapping them for inclusion and feedback to minimize extensive budgets (Walden University, 2017). Another challenge is the lack of reliability or transparency in review methods, meaning that they are not replicated, which is a major tenet in scientific approaches. However, this can be solved by being explicit while using standards and guidance of high quality to review conduct while reporting. Methods also face biases in a selection where studies included are miss-representatives of evidence base while lacking comprehensiveness. This means that an inappropriate method of research could result to reviews having wrong evidence concerning questions at hand. However, this could be mitigated by carefully designing search strategies with specialists in info conducting strategies in trial search. This could apply multiple languages, databases, sources of the grey literature while publishing methods of search within a priori protocol in peer-review.

However, to avoid facing the above challenges, one can adopt a process of literature review to ensure it is no biased. First, planning is significant where you focus on the scope, type, and focus of review intended for writing (Haddaway, 2020). Later, read while you research current literature in your area of discussion by selecting sources that you consider as most relevant in the project. Analyze your sources, draft and revise the styles grammatical and structural issues in your project.

References

Neal Haddaway (2020). 8 Common Problems with Literature Reviews and how to Fix Them. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2020/10/19/8-common-problems-with-literature-reviews-and-how-to-fix-them/

Walden University Writing Center (2017). Literature Review Essentials: Identifying Themes. Capstone Writing. https://waldenwritingcenter.blogspot.com/2017/03/literature-review-essentials-identify.html