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Assignment 95

https://www.oica.net/category/emissions/add-on-technology/

https://www.automotive-iq.com/powertrain/articles/gasoline-particle-emissions-and-particulate-filter-technology

https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/what-is-a-petrol-particulate-filter-and-how-does-it-work

https://www.onlyrevo.com/blog/gpf-gasoline-particulate-filter-what-is-it-and-what-does-it-do/

https://www.actachemicamalaysia.com/archives/1acmy2017/1acmy2017-08-12

https://theicct.org/publications/estimated-cost-gasoline-particulate-filters

10/28/2020

Risk Assessment

• Responsibilities of engineers

• Hierarchy of Control

• Individual Reflection

Do engineers cause accidents?

Engineering Deficiencies which might partly contribute to
or cause accidents

Adverse
Environment

Poor
Management

Malfunction
and Failure

Operator
Error

Poor
Maintenance

Other
Lack of

Knowledge
Design

Deficiency

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Hazards versus Risks
• A hazard is a situation in the workplace that

has the potential to harm the health and

safety of people or to damage plant and

equipment. The situation could involve a

task, material or equipment that is used.

• A risk is the likelihood, that a hazard will

actually cause harm or damage. E.g. sharks

are a hazard, but if you don’t enter the water

there is no risk of a shark attack.

General Risk Assessment Framework

1. Identify Risk

2. Assess Risk

3. Determine Control Measures

4. Monitor Risk and Control Measures

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1. Identify Risk

Strategies to identify risks include:

• Brainstorming

• Comparison with previous similar projects

• Using cause-effect analysis

• Utilizing a Work-Breakdown-Structure

(WBS)

2. Assess
Risk

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3. Determine Control Measures

• A hierarchy of preferred options: “hierarchy

of control” (on following slide)

• It is based on a safe place approach, rather

than a safe person approach

Hierarchy of Control
1. Elimination

The most desirable option
 If you eliminate a hazard you completely eliminate the associated risk.

2. Substitution
 You can substitute something else (a substance or a process) that has less

potential to cause injury.

3. Isolation/engineering
 You can make a structural change to the work environment or work process

to interrupt the path between the worker and the risk.

4. Administrative
 You may be able to reduce risk by upgrading training, changing rosters or

other administrative actions.

5. Personal protective equipment
The least desirable option

 When you can’t reduce the risk of injury in any other way, use personal
protective equipment (gloves, goggles, etc.) as a last resort.

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4. Monitor Risk and Control Measure

• Does the control measure introduce a new

risk?

• Is the control measure effective?

Individual Reflection during class time

Reflect individually and write in your workbook:

• In which situation in the past did you assess

risks? (What?, So what?, What now?)

ContainerHouse Design

Meshari AlAbbasi 1820930

Mohammad Naghwi 1515646

Nadin Behbehani 1719299

Yousef AlHajri 1618364

Name of Supervisor: Dr. Farhad Sabri

Mechanical Engineering Department

Australian College of Kuwait

August 6, 2020

Summary

Container houses have been rising in popularity over the last few years as sustainable and budget-friendly households. As any household, both plumbing and an HVAC system must be implemented to have comfort while living in this innovative project. Legislated standards and laws must be followed in regards to both the plumbing and HVAC to correctly build the project with minimal fault. For this project, the design team was given a task to develop a portable and sustainable home solution. The prototype must include 2D schematics of the building, including both plumbing and HVAC, the calculations behind both the plumbing and HVAC sizes, and a 3D Drawing to represent the final product.

The team approached the project using several different project management tools that they learned throughout their years. Starting with the Gantt Chart and Work Breakdown Structure to smaller but crucial tools like the responsibility matrix. These tools are building blocks to any engineering design and were utilized to manage our time and responsibilities during the project. As in any engineer project, challenges and changes are expected to happen. However, with good planning and revision, the team will be more effective in implementing the project risk free.

Container House Project ii Date

Table of Content

Container House Design i
Summary ii
Table of Content iii

Introduction

1
Market Research 1

Design Requirements

Scope of Prototype

Planning

Responsibility Matrix

Work Breakdown Structure

Gantt Chart

5
Decision Matrix 6

Final Design

11
Insulation Selection 12

HVAC System

13
Introduction 13

Standards and Codes

Calculations

14
Sustainability 24
Plumbing System 26
Domestic Network 26
Hot Water 27
Drainage Network 27
Sustainability 29
Risk Assessment 30
Introduction 30
Analysis of Risks 33
Conclusion 33
Appendix A: Code of Ethics 34
Appendix B: Tables and Charts 35
Appendix C: 3D Drawings 41
Appendix 4: Meeting Minutes 44
References 51

ME 340 i Fall 2016

Container House Project iii Date

Introduction

Market Research

As the cost of living in urban areas continue to increase alongside the increase of sustainability in the region, the introduction of more economical and sustainable buildings escalate in the area. Our team was approached to design a habitable home out of shipping containers. The containers are ideal for sustainable construction because of its easy transportation and functionality with carrying construction materials within the container itself. Because the containers are not insulated and do not offer any heat protection against the hot Kuwait summers, an HVAC system is also needed. During this project, we have to obey both the plumbing and HVAC standard codes. Because our market are probably clients looking for more sustainable living, we also need to consider conservation of energy and include some sustainable materials in our project. Shipping homes are not only cheap but also fast to build. Shipping homes also permits clients to share their design ideas with interior and exterior designers to make their home more unique. Building a container house is a trend expected to grow in the future years, presenting an opportunity for engineers and architectures to construct solutions for clients worldwide [1].

Figure 1 – Container House , Companies around the world have adapted in creating container houses for their clients

Design Requirements

This project is focused on the development of an architectural and mechanical layout of a container house. The containers have a standard sizes and heights. Our team was instructed to create both a 2D computer aided drawing with AutoCAD and a 3D representation of the project using SketchUp for the clients, to make this project livable, both an HVAC system and a plumbing system are needed in our mechanical layout. Our team of both civil and mechanical engineers was approached by the stakeholders to implement this project with definite and exact specifications which are illustrated in Table 1.

Table 1 – Table of Required Functionalities and Specifications.

Decision Matrix

Before creating the team decision matrix table, each member briefly presented and discussed their individual idea, highlighting the main features of their own respective design and innovative ideas. A thorough explanation of each idea and its advantages and disadvantages will be described shortly before moving on to the decision matrix table grading and the dissection of the criteria of each category in the decision matrix. The final team decision and some alternations will follow afterwards the dissection.

Individual Ideas

Table 3- Yousef’s Idea Breakdown

Yousef’s Idea

Breakdown

Description

Yousef’s idea is about designing a container house with one floor layout.
Using four containers, with storage room and a garden opening.

Advantages

Simple design and cost effective, and easy to build.
A storage room is included to the design, and the HVAC system is easy to maintain.

Disadvantages

This is a small layout with tiny space, modifications are limited.
Structural issues since the roof is not really that strong. We might need another roof covering.

Table 4 – Meshari’s Idea Breakdown

Meshari’s Idea Breakdown

Description

Meshari’s idea focus on a lot of sunshine from the windows and shades. Meshari’s idea is also a 2-floor system. The HVAC system is above the building.

Advantages

Two floor system is good for solar retention. The design is also more sophisticated and might attract stakeholders

Disadvantages

The design is too complex and would be hard to implement and find calculations. The HVAC System might be hard to reach being on the second floor with no indoor staircase.

Table 5- Nadine’s Idea Breakdown

Nadine’s Idea Breakdown

Description

Nadine’s Idea focuses on minimal area for the clients. With less area, the clients would feel more comfortable without less bills and less area to maintain.

Advantages

With its simple design, Nadine’s idea would save on both cost and construction time for the clients. Its minimal perimeter area means minimal heat loss.

Disadvantages

Disadvantages would include no external shade and having a simple design.

Table 6 – Mohammad’s Idea Breakdown

Mohammad’s Idea Breakdown

Description

The design focuses on a huge building for maximizing comfort of the clients living in the building. With more area, the clients would think it is a home more than just a container.

Advantages

Mohammad’s design is a simple house that is also fast to build. This will attract clients who want to live in a sustainable house as soon as possible.

Disadvantages

The exterior design is a rectangle which might not appeal to clients and it might be costly with the usage of 4 large containers.

Decision Matrix Table

With the aim of selecting the most optimal idea, there are several factors our group took in deliberation. Based on these factors, we constructed a table to demonstrate our outcomes. Table 7 is scored from 1-5 with 5 denoting the ideal maximum score. Respectively, each category is weighted towards its significance and averaged out subsequently.

Table 7 – Decision Matrix Table

Criteria

Weight

Yousef

Meshari

Nadine

Mohammad

Functionality

30%

Aesthetics

20%

Construction Speed

15%

Cost

10%

Safety

10%

Sustainability

10%

Shading

Total

100%

4.45

4.3

4.4

4.2

Dissection of Table

To better understand Table 7, a brief breakdown of each criteria heading and their weight percentage will be clarified comprehensibly.

1. Functionality (30%): The aim of this project is to have an operating and livable house. If a house is not functional, all other categories would be insignificant because we would not achieve the outcome. Each idea has to have the essential HVAC and plumbing systems and include a kitchen, bathroom, living area, and a bedroom.

1. Aesthetics (20%): This category represents the complexity of the exterior design of the container. Engineers should create designs that draw attention of clients. A complex design also reflects our retention of content in previous courses provided by the Australian College of Kuwait like AutoCAD drawing, 3D drawing, and many more while also demonstrates our critical thinking and problem solving. Meshari and Yousef’s ideas showed potential with geometric shapes and uneven borders while Nadine and Mohammad wear rectangular shaped houses.

1. Construction Speed (15%): Time is vital in any project. Clients that are looking for a small sustainable house want to live there as soon as possible. To do so, the construction speed of the house should be fast without sacrificing the quality of the construction. This category was critiqued by how many containers were used and the simplicity of the design. The more complex designs like Meshari and Yousef would take longer to construct than their counterparts.

1. Cost (10%): An engineer should always try to build a product with minimal cost, especially for a house. In this decision matrix, the cost is inversely proportional to score. To estimate the cost, we compared the amount of containers each idea used to the maximum, four containers. Meshari and Nadine’s ideas used less containers which would save costs for the clients.

1. Safety (10%): Safety is vital in any construction project. An engineer must avoid or eradicate any risk possible to ensure the safety of the people, the environment, the project, and the construction process. Most ideas got a high grade on the safety factor except for Meshari’s idea, where the clients would have to use external ladders to climb to the roof which is a hazard.

1. Sustainability (10%): Sustainability is the process of designing a project that does not compromise with the environment. Sustainability is important in any project due to its enabling of us to critically think of a design that would still be functional without compromising the quality of life for future generations. Clients who want to invest in a container house would want to invest in a sustainable project. The scores for this category all matched at 4 each due to the similarity of ideas shared by the four engineers for sustainability and the flexibility of installation of those material.

1. Shading (5%): Shading is criteria that some clients might want to consider. Having shade means the client could enjoy the outside more and can utilize shade to park their cars instead of having to build a car parking shade structure. Shading also means cooler household and less need of air conditioning. Both Meshari and Yousef utilized this with their distinctive geometric drawings.

Team Decision and Alternations

After each member of the team finished describing the advantages and disadvantages of their idea, the team utilized the decision matrix table to finalize and pick a final idea. At first, we acknowledged that Yousef’s design is the most creative due to its high score of 4.45 on the table.

After the phase gate, the point where the project designs were reviewed by the stakeholders, the team decided on some modifications before continuing with the project. During our team’s 13th meeting, the team reviewed all decision outcomes and decided to adapt and shift to Nadine’s design. This executive decision was analyzed carefully by our team to not waste time. Yousef’s design was too complex and needed more time to analyze and calculate all the information, which with the time constraints given, it seemed improbable. Nadine’s design, which scored 0.05 points less than Yousef’s, felt more promising with minimal design inaccuracies and simpler design. Engineers should always think critically and not just stay with one idea based on solely the score. Because this decision was made during the design stage, there was negligible impact and no interruption in schedule.

As a team, we decided to create a change request with the usage of a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. PDSA Cycle is a procedure that tests the change in an idea and see if it will be more feasible to change the idea. The cycle includes evaluating the change, checking for its impact, and reflecting on the changes. The steps of a PDSA cycle can be summarized in four steps:

1. Plan: Our plan was primarily to replace the old design with the new one. This was done to save time on design modifications and focus on the primary tasks like calculations.

2. Do: We observed that with the given time constraint and several other time schedule issues, we had to change to Nadine’s idea. Changing to Nadine’s idea would minimize 3D drawing errors due to the 2D design being her idea too.

3. Study: We learned that we need to adapt to any possible risk that could happen during our project. This include a change in design. Tackling this risk was vital for the success of the project.

4. Act: We concluded from this PDSA cycle that each member would benefit tremendously from the change of design and it will reduce stress and increase productivity between each member.

Final Design

We were asked to build a household using shipping container, which was a new concept at first, but after studying the idea we found that the project benefits us in unaccepted ways. The challenge of the project was to use maximum four containers with the dimension of 40 feet for each containers and make use of the space in whichever desired design. This structure is a simple/basic structure that houses a couple. Most clients who would consider these types of houses (container houses) would keep in mind the consumption of electricity use and how to minimize the access use of electricity, so we designed it in a way to best fit their needs. In order to minimize that as much as possible, two picture windows were installed mainly in both the bedroom and the living room as you can see in 2D with Figure 4 and more clearly in the 3D in Figure 5.

Figure 4 – 2D Schematic of the container house

Having these large stationary windows welcomes the maximum amount of light from the outside, which eliminates the need of using lights within the household during the day. Now one might argue that with such large windows, heat is also accessible, especially living in a country with a high temperature climate and we tackled this issue by simply shading the glass. This insures blocking out 70% of the heat. By installing highly reflective blinds on the inside, which also add another 45%, insuring maximum heat gain reduction.

The window in the room also benefits the wardrobe room by welcoming some light into it given the design. On the other hand, the kitchen and the bathroom had small windows compared since they don’t need as much sunlight. The dimensions/sizes in this project followed the US standards, as shown in figure 4, since there are no similar projects here in Kuwait; the safest option was to follow those standards which are considered worldwide.

The program used for the 2D plan was AutoCAD and for 3D SketchUp was utilized. With 3D SketchUp, the building is clearly visualized for future clients to see how their house would look like. Figure 5 shows the front view of the house model where the window is wide enough for them to enjoy the view. Other views of this project could be located in Appendix C.

Figure 5 – 3D Model of the House

Insulation Selection

The insulation selected in our project is Polyurethane foamed in its place. The reason behind picking Polyurethane is its high R value and availability. Polyurethane could be found locally and installed by the Kuwait Polyurethane Industry Co [2]. Polyurethane would be added in a sandwich panel that has the corrugated steel from the container’s body and a finishing interior wood layout. The lapped wood bevel would be used not only for its decorative interior but also for more resistance added to the insulation. The insulation is very crucial in our design due to its importance in reducing the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system costs and providing the highest thermal comfort for the clients living in the container house.

HVAC System
Introduction

During the hot summer months of Kuwait, air-conditioning load attributes to 70% of the electricity load [3]. Hence, it is vital for the engineers to ensure that the correct air-conditioning size and duct size are selected to conserve energy. To find the sizes of the AC unit and the duct, the cooling demand and energy requirements must be estimated and calculated first. There are different methods of calculating air-conditioning cooling load. These methods consider the area of the house, the values of both indoor and outdoor temperature, solar radiation and other factors. It is imperative for the designers to select the sizes accurately to minimize power usage and conserve energy while keeping the home owners comfortable indoors throughout Kuwait’s harsh summer weather. Oversizing an AC unit would not only lead to higher initial cost, but also a higher energy consumption. On the other hand, under sizing would result in discomfort for the clients during those high temperature days [3]. It is our responsibility to design an HVAC system that follows and complies all the regulations of the Energy Conservation Code of Practice released by Ministry of Electricity and Water.

Standards and Codes

To correctly design a professional HVAC system, it is mandatory to follow both local and international codes. Our team utilized both Ministry of Electricity and Water’s Code of Practice and ASHRAE international codes for our heating, ventilation and air-conditioning services. These organizations contain all the necessary details to select the appropriate HVAC design for our proposed design.

Most HVAC companies design their systems to meet the requirements of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE is composed of engineers, architects, and contractors worldwide to advance and regulate the construction of HVAC systems in buildings [4]. ASHRAE have published several codes and standards that help engineers with designing the best systems for thermal comfort in buildings. It is essential for us the engineers to be familiarized with their codes and standards because of their reliability and comprehensiveness.

Our Team utilized Kuwait’s local codes and standards to further validate our calculations. Kuwait’s Ministry of Electricity and Water’s Code of Practice was utilized because our container house would be located in Kuwait, under their jurisdiction. Their code of practice limits engineers in the following:

1) The maximum power density for internal lighting for buildings

2) The maximum power rating for A/C equipment and systems.

3) Minimum power factor for certain equipment and appliances.

4) The maximum overall U-values for all building components.

5) The maximum allowable window-to-wall ratio for different types of window glazing.

Given next is the necessary calculations needed to find the sizes of both the air-conditioning and ducts. The equations listed in the calculations follow the standards of ASHRAE and are used by companies internationally and locally.

Calculations

For an in-depth calculation of a building’s cooling load and air conditioning system, ASHRAE recommends using the Transfer Function Method [5]. This method is very complex, requiring the aid of premium computer programs and advanced spreadsheets. Nevertheless, for this project, the Cooling Load Temperature Differential method will be used to simplify the calculation process

To find the AC sizing of a building, one must utilize the architectural plans and standards to find the cooling load factor and heat loss. One factor to consider during our calculation is the temperature difference between the outdoor temperature and our desired indoor temperature. It is not economical for us, the HVAC engineers, to pick the peak high temperature for our calculations due to high temperature peaks for a low frequency and occurrence. To get the most accurate results, our team to refer to the Ministry of Electricity and Water of Kuwait for the values of both the dry bulb summer outdoor and indoor conditions in Kuwait [3]. Our intended location, Wafra, is an interior zone, a zone with a dry bulb temperature of 117.3 °F outdoors and a 75.0 °F indoors during the summer conditions. In our calculations, the temperature difference is needed to find the heat loss. The temperature difference will be denoted as ∆T throughout this report and will have a value of 42.3, resulting from the deduction of 75.0 °F from 117.3 °F.

Another factor to consider is the type of material used in the construction of the walls, windows and the roof. Different materials have different thermal resistances (R) and thermal conductivity values (U-values). These values will be tabulated in the report using certified international standards and codes. AC sizing also depends on the surface area of the walls and windows of the container house which is essential for the calculations to find the size needed. These values were gathered from the architectural design in AutoCAD and converted to imperial units to complete our calculations.

Other factors like the number of occupants, the activity in the house, lighting, and appliances collectively add up to impact the sizing. These numbers will be estimated due to its high dependence on the personal preferences of the clientele. Because heat is energy, losses is another factor we have to consider in our calculations too and we have to have a slight tolerance to compensate for the air leaks and infiltration that might occur. After gathering all the heat loss values from the roof, wall, and windows we will add a 30% tolerance to compensate for the extra heat loss stated above and the energy loss from leakage [6].

Wall Heat Loss

For the walls of the selected design, the equation for cooling load can be simplified in equation 1 as

(1)

Where

· Q = Heat gain in Btu/h

· U = Thermal Transmittance in Btu/hr. ft². °F

· A = Total area minus the windows and door

· ∆T = Temperature difference in °F

Referring to the architectural plans, we have to subtract the area of the windows and door from the area of walls to find the area needed for our calculation. The value we calculated was 1088 for the wall which we then subtracted the windows and door from to get 853.33 feet squared.

For the U-value, we must find the thermal resistance of each material in the walls, Table 8 consists of the component assembly of the wall and its insulation. Referring to the standards, R-values of the construction materials was found [2]. Adding all the R-values would give us the total resistance which we then have to get the reciprocal to get the thermal transmittance. Table 8 summarized all the construction materials in the wall and their resistance and transmittance values following the standards [1].

Table 8 – Wall’s Thermal Resistance

Construction Material

R-Value ((hr*ft2 * F)/Btu)

U-value ( 1/R-Value)

Container Steel (Corrugated)

0.33

Air Gap (1”)

0.91

Wood Bevel Lapped (3/4”)

0.80

Insulation (Polyurethane)

6.25

Total

8.29

0.1206

Utilizing equation 1, we can solve for the heat loss of the wall’s surface area.

= 4353.16756 Btu/hr

Roofs

For the roof of the selected design, the cooling load is treated in a similar way to the walls which can be illustrated in equation 2.

(2)

Where
· Q = Heat gain in Btu/h

· U = Thermal Transmittance in Btu/h.ft².°F

· A = Area in feet squared

· ∆T = Temperature difference in °F

The main difference between the walls and the roof is the overall U value. For the roof, the tabulated for simplicity in Table 9.

Table 9 – R Values for Roof Materials

Construction Material

R-Value ((hr*ft2 * F)/Btu)

U-value ( 1/R-Value)

Container Steel (Corrugated)

0.33

Air Gap (1”)

0.91

Wood Bevel Lapped (3/4”)

0.80

Insulation (Polyurethane)

6.25

Asphalt Shingles

0.44

Total

8.73

0.1145

With the increase of resistance, the rate of heat flow through a material is low. Lower resistance lead to high heat flow rate which results in need of insulation to lower the rate. Adding an insulation material increases the thermal resistance of the wall [7].

Utilizing equation 2, we can solve for the heat loss of the wall’s surface area.

= 5269.5648 Btu/hr

Windows

Windows have two solar load components, a conductive and a solar transmission [8]. The conductive component is treated like the wall and roof calculations with values of the resistance being tabulated in ASHRAE’s manuals, an equation for conductive load can be viewed in Equation 3. For solar transmission, the cooling load can be calculated by utilizing the shading coefficient as seen in Equation 4 [9].

(3)

(4)

Where

· Q Conductive = Conductive load in Btu/h

· Q Solar = Solar transmission load in Btu/h

· U = Thermal Transmittance for glass in Btu/ (h * ft^2 * F)

· A = Area of glass in ft^2

· = Temperature Difference for glass in °F

· SC = Shading coefficient

· SCL = Solar Cooling Load Factor

To find the thermal transmittance for glass, we must first dissect what materials we have. Referring to ASHRAE Fundamentals,

Table 10 – R-Values for Glass

Material

R-Value ((hr*ft2 * F)/Btu)

Total U- Value

Double glazed window

2.0

Insulated drapes

1.2

Inside vertical air film

0.68

Outside vertical air film

0.25

Total

4.13

0.24213

Adding insulation drapes to double glazed windows reduce the heat loss by 48% [10]. Utilizing Equation 3 we can find the conduction heat loss,

To find the solar transmission load for windows, otherwise known as the radiation component, engineers must know the orientation of each window and door. Table 11 simplifies all the data needed for the solar transmission load while respecting the orientation of the component to find its interior solar cooling load to result in the solar transmission load. A shading coefficient of 0.391 will be used in this equation for a double pane low-E Argon filled window, referencing ASHRAE Standard 140-2007 [11].

Table 11 – Solar Transmission Load Table

Component

Orientation

Interior SCL Factor

Solar Transmission Load

Bedroom Window

East

.83

76.157

Living Room Window

South

.83

76.157

Glass Door

South

.80

73.404

Kitchen Window

North

.91

83.497

Bathroom Window

North

.91

83.497

Total

392.713 Btu/h

Additional Sources of Heat

Other values like the heat transfer from lighting bulbs and appliances can factor into the calculations by multiplying the wattage per area by the area itself to find the heat transfer, however we cannot integrate these values into our calculations because it will be under the preference of the clients to decide what appliances and how much light they need indoors. The number of occupancies also affect the data because of the sensible heat and moisture brought in by the occupant.

Duct Leakage

Air leakage into a duct might result in heat loss. Leakage can occur with any system and must be calculated in our total system calculations. Commercial HVAC systems have a leakage percentage of 10-20% of the total system airflow [7]. Engineers should always remember to factor in losses to ensure the best system is selected and sized for the selected project.

Total Load and AC Sizing

After gathering all the heat transfers, you have to add them to find the total heat transfer. Equation 5 shows the values we calculated in the preliminary HVAC calculations.

(5)

The heat transfer value above will act as a baseline load for our calculations. Depending on the interior design conditions, a change of 40-60% could occur as manipulated load for heating [12]. This manipulated load will act as a safety factor for our HVAC system to not inaccurately undersize the components. Due to the fact our project design is minimal in size and require only 12,419 Btu/h, adding a safety factor of 60% will not drastically change the AC size due to limitation in products. To find the needed tonnage, we have to convert our load from Btu/h to tons while simultaneously adding the safety factor:

The conversion resulted in 1.66 tons, which could be rounded up to the required whole number value of 2.0 tons. Most AC units are sold in increments of 1. Rounding down to 1.0 will be a hazard and lead to waste of energy due to the need of more power for the appliances and lighting. With that said, a safety factor of 60%, as recommended by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy [12], was added to the design and the value would increase to 2.0 tons which will be the air conditioning size for this container size.

Air-Conditioning Market

Knowing that the AC Unit needs a cooling load of 2 tons, our team researched the Kuwait market to find an ideal air conditioning unit for our design. Two of the top tier HVAC engineering companies in Kuwait, Coolex and Alghanim Industries have promising models that fit our criteria. We decided to select Coolex because according to their website they are the first company to pass Ministry of Electricity’s new stricter regulations for lowering power consumption. The model we selected is the concealed ducted split. This AC unit is designed to operate with high performance and low power consumption. They also abide with the standards and specifications [13]. The exact model we hand-picked is the CHE-024 Model which can be illustrated in Figure 6.

Figure 6 – Suggested AC Unit and condenser for the container house

With the aid of Figure 6, we can draw the AC unit in our architecture plan and find information to size the ducts for the air to flow throughout the house in a comfortable way.

Figure 7 – 2D Drawing of the model listing all dimensions in mm.
We recommend single duct single-zone system due to its cheap price. Single duct single-zone system is one of the most energy-efficient systems. It uses minimum distribution of energy since it is located adjacent to the area which it conditions. This is very effective for a couple who would share the same temperature and do not require more than 1 thermostat for temperature control.
Duct Size
Referencing back to the Coolex brochure, we can find the air flow of the CHE-024 Model to be 900 CFM with a maximum cooling capacity of 25,776 Btu/h. CFM is an acronym for cubic feet per minute, which is the unit for the air flow in the heating ventilation and air conditioning systems. CFM is calculated by deriving it from the heat transfer and converting BTU/hr to cubic feet per minute. After finding the CFM, we can simulate duct systems by choosing the correct width and height of each duct depending on the cfm values and the area of the correspondent rooms. The air handling unit will produce 900 CFM but will be deducted with every duct branch that the air flows through. The deduction will be higher in larger surface area rooms and smaller in smaller rooms. This is directly related to the duct size where the higher the CFM, the bigger the duct sizing. To start with our duct size calculations, we first must find the individual air changes per hour. Collecting the volume from AutoCAD, we can find the CFM for each single zone. To begin, Equation 6 will illustrate how one must divide the Total CFM by the total coverage cooling area. The number resulting from Equation 6 will be used as a multiplier for each area of each zone to find its individual CFM which will be tabulated in Table 12.
(6)

Table 12 – Area and Individual CFM for Rooms

Room

Area in mm2

Area in ft2

CFM For each room

Living Room

24144248.45

259.8866393

315

Kitchen

18397696.01

198.031237

240

Bedroom

14933829.59

160.7464731

195

Changing Room

11496560.32

123.7479986

150

Total

68972334.37

742.5256101

900

To accurately design and calculate the duct sizing, we used two different tools. First we used an application called Duct Sizer by McQuay, an American based air conditioning company. In this program, users have to input the cfm and the velocity in fpm to find the duct size. Table 13 tabulates our results for the CFM reduction per room and the dimensions of the ducts. The air velocity, according to ASHRAE’s codes and standards for duct designing, for residential is around 1000 fpm [4]. To confirm our results, our team also inputted the same values in another duct size calculator online. Ductcalc.ca is a more accurate calculator for duct sizes. Ductcalc.ca uses iterations to solve for the duct size which is seen in the latest ASHRAE Handbook 2017 for duct design [14]. In Table 13, We divided the total CFM by the total house area to find a certain value. That value will be used to multiply by the area of each room to find the CFM required, hence the width and height of the ducts. A schematic 2D view of will follow Table 13 in Figure 8 to illustrate the findings.

Table 13 – Duct Sizes and CFM for Each Room

CFM Area

CFM

Air Velocity (fpm)

Width (mm)

Height (mm)

Total House

900

1000

406.4 mm

254 mm

Living Room

315

1000

355.6 mm

254 mm

Kitchen

240

1000

249.5 mm

254 mm

Bedroom

195

1000

152.4 mm

254 mm

Changing Room

150

1000

91.6 mm

254 mm

Figure 8 – Schematic of The HVAC System in the house, notice the two ventilation systems in both the bathroom and the kitchen

Reflecting on Table 13, the area and cfm for the bathroom was intentionally not added to the calculation. This is due to the unnecessary need of supply air in bathroom and the need to ventilate the bad smell from the bathroom.
Ventilation
For the bathroom, a rule of thumb for buying ventilation is to multiply the squared area of the bathroom by 1 cfm. With our bathroom’s surface area being 100 ft. squared, that means a fan of 100 cfm power will be needed. A quick search online and we found a 6-inch duct size bathroom fan online. The fan shown in Figure 9 is called the Ultra Quiet 110CFM Bathroom Exhaust Fan.

Figure 9 – Win Air Exhaust is not only a perfect fit but also has an energy star rating which means it is energy efficient
Sustainability
HVAC Systems are one of the top targeted markets for sustainability improvement. This is done mainly due to its high energy depends, especially in Kuwait. A properly sized and fitted HVAC system can provide comfort to its occupants for a long time while reducing both energy bills and maintenance hours. Fixing a problem during the design phase would negate high maintenance fees later on and possible breakdowns.
One way to sustainability improve a household is to passively cool it. Using passive cooling systems would maximize efficiency of building envelope without using any mechanical devices [8]. These designs use unique strategies to reduce heat gain into internal spaces. The easiest way to passively cool a household is shading. With shading you protect buildings from direct solar radiation, reducing the heat gained through windows and doors. Using louvers or slats can significantly reduce energy consumption, which furthermore increases the sustainability of the household.
Another way the HVAC systems can be sustainable is by using alternative sources of energy. The Middle East has one of the highest solar irradiance in the world. [8] Kuwait ranks 18th on the World Resources Institute’s list of highest average solar energy potential [15]. With solar panels installed around and on top of the container house, the clients can convert ordinary sunlight to electricity with the help of photovoltaic materials. This energy can be used to minimize the cooling bills and even lighting.
Lastly, using both a smart thermostat and a zoned HVAC system can lead to improvement in the HVAC system. A single duct single zone HVAC system is a system where one thermostat controls the temperature of the whole zones [8]. Because the clientele assumption is two adults and one bedroom, the clients would have to share the same temperature and not two separate thermostats. With them sharing the same temperature, one duct is needed than two for two different temperatures, reducing the cost severely. Using a smart thermostat instead of a regular one gives you full control over the HVAC system. With technology and mechatronics, using devices like a mobile phone, you can control, adjust, or even turn off the temperature. Figure 10 shows how presise a mobile phone can get to temperature control with a smart thermostat.

Figure 10 – Smart Thermostat, a more efficient way to control temperature in your household
These different improvements would help a client create a more sustainable way of living and reduce cost for themselves.
Plumbing System
Designing a plumbing system to a house container, and the plan is to divide the plumbing system as a whole into two systems which are:
1. Domestic network a source which provides a cold water to the container.
2. Drainage network which breaks into a gravity network and a vent network.
Domestic Network
Cold water network is used for wet area, like the toilet or the kitchen. To find the suitable pipe size we have to count the number of sanitary wares served by the pipe. We also need to calculate (Water Supply Fixture Unit) “WSFU” for these sanitary wares. At the end we have to convert the WSFU number to GPM, buy using the GPM number (Gallon Per Minute) into A-5 friction chart we can finally have the proper piping size.
1- number of sanitary wares served by this pipe
– W.C, 2Lav, SH, K.S
2- water supply fixture unit “WSFU” for this sanitary ware (by table A-2)

Table 14 – Sanitary Ware and WSFU Total

Sanitary Ware

WSFU

W.C

2*2.5

2Lav

2*2

K.S

Total

19 WSFU

3- Convert fixture unit “WSFU” to GPM (by chart A-2 OR A-3)
From chart (A-3) we get

19 WSFU 14.75 GPM

4- BY GPM we get pipe size (by friction chart A-5)
We have the flow in GPM and velocity must be (V= 8 𝑓𝑡/𝑠𝑒𝑐) ، and the friction must be less than 10 (F < 10 𝑓𝑡100𝑓𝑡) 14.75 GPM D = 1 in Hot Water Since we will be having of water volume we can use one water heater. A 40-gallon heater with FHR: 56 - 64 gallons (First Hour Rating) should be enough, and will meet our hot water needs [16]. We have also consider insulating hot water pipe line to reduce heat loss. You also won't have to wait as long for hot water when you turn on a faucet or showerhead, which helps conserve water [17]. Drainage Network This is the most important part of any plumbing system. Accuracy and precision are required during the installation. Since the drainage system takes care of soil waste and human waste which are harmful elements, we do not want any leakage or misconnection between the piping of our system. 1- Gravity networks (Drainage main or waste soil or soil black waste). Figure 11- Schematic of Draining Piping , showing both the kitchen and the bathroom. (7) Point 1: S.W = 2*W.C + 2*Lav. + Bt + SH FU1 =2*2.5+2*2 + 4 + 4= 17 FU ∴ From chart A-3 by FU1 we get GPM1 GPM1= 12.5 ∴ From chart A-5 by GPM1 we get D1 D1= 3/4 in Point 2: S.W = K.S FU2 = 2 FU ∴ From chart A-3 by FU2 we get GPM2 GPM2= 5 ∴ From chart A-5 by GPM1 we get D2 D2= 1/2 in Point 3: FU3 = FU1+ FU2 FU3= 17.5 FU ∴ From chart A-3 by FU3 we get GPM3 GPM3=13 ∴ From chart A-5 by GPM1 we get D1 D3=1 in 2- Vent networks (drainage by Gravity regulations) We put a cap at the end of all the vertical pipe to the air to streamline air pressure in the system, also to get rid of any gases and smell. Water Tank Volume Kuwait’s water consumption is among the highest in the world at more than 447 liters daily per capita [18]. Since we are dealing with a small house container not a huge remedial building. We can use the average consumption rate from NSPC (National Standard Pluming Code) which is 280 L/day for each individual Table 8-8. For the water tank volume, Equation 8 summarizes how we calculate the value. For our project 2 person will live in the container and we intend to store for 7 days, and the consumption of the person we get it from code =280 liter/day. (8) Pump Calculation On this calculation we also went with the NSPC code. To select a pump that cloud drive our piping line we have to calculate two important things, the flow rate and the head of the pump. Calculating the flow rate, we used NSPC code as we did for cold, hot water and drainage piping network [19]Then we divided the head calculation into three type H Static, H Residual, and H Friction. The static head can be found from the actual height of the pipe coming from the water tank. H Residual The residual head is essentially the concept of a head loss through the nozzle. Which needs to be added to the other losses in order to get to the curve of the system. Since we only have two elbows and small number of transitions, we can take a small number of frictions. The Flow Rate 1-Count water supply fixture unit “WSFU” for this sanitary ware (by table A-2) can be tabulated and summarized in Table 15. Table 15 - WSFU For Sanitary Ware Sanitary Ware WSFU W.C 2*2.5 Bt 4 2Lav 2*2 SH 4 K.S 2 Total 19 WSFU 2-Convert fixture unit “WSFU” to GPM (by chart A-2 OR A-3) From chart (A-3) we get 19 WSFU 14.75 GPM We can take safe factor = 0.2 So Q pump= 17.7 GPM The Head: H pump=H static +H residual +H friction 1-H residual from table in the code =1 bar & =14psi 2-H static is the height of the building = 0.5 bar 3-H friction after the calculation = 0.1bar H pump=1.6 bar In conclusion, a selection for a small pump is considered for the consumption. Sustainability For the plumbing system we have different opportunities for sustainability. For example, as mentioned before insulting the hot water piping can reduce the heat loss, that means we would not have to wait for the hot water. (uninsulated hot piping system will cause the temperature of the water to drop making the water colder.). We can also implement a sensor valve to each sink inside our container. This might be an expensive investment, but this extra cost will payoff on the long run by reducing the amount of our water consumption. Risk Assessment Introduction In any project, engineers are accountable for guaranteeing safety at all costs. A risk is the possibility of danger, injury, or any other unwanted conditions. Risks are inevitable and can occur in any project no matter the size. To ensure the safety of the people, the equipment, the environment, the product, and the process we have to take action to combat any risk that shows up. Before trying to combat the risk, we must first identify the hazard, describe it, and assess it to find possible solutions for the risk. To tackle these risks, we have shaped couple tables to aid us in our risk assessment. The main risk assessment tables used are the likelihood and the impact to measure the effectiveness of a risk which are both illustrated in Tables 16 and 17. Table 16 - Qualitative Risk Assessment Likelihood Impact Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Severe Almost Certain Moderate High High Extreme Extreme Likely Moderate Moderate High High Extreme Possible Low Moderate Moderate High Extreme Unlikely Low Moderate Moderate Moderate High Rare Low Low Moderate Moderate High Table 17 - Quantitative Risk Assessment Likelihood Severity 1. Extremely unlikely 1. No or Slight Loss of Time 2. Unlikely 2. Minor Injury / Short Delay 3. Possible 3. First Aid Injury / Delay 4. Likely 4. Lost-time Injury / Late Submission 5. Very probable 5. Hospital Injury / Failing Course Figure 12 - Risk Assessment Flow Chart, this flow chart summarizes the steps necessary to tackle a risk Figure 12 shows the steps needed to confront any rising risk in any project. To tackle risks, we first need to identify and describe them. In our project, the main hazard categories are design hazard and operation/planning hazard. A design hazard is any hazard that would appear in the design phase of a project before manufacturing stage. Minimizing the design hazards is crucial because it can not only prevent cost but also save time and effort. After designing the prototype, any risk that arises might reduce few unwanted outcomes. A possible outcome would be missing deadlines or worst, failing the course. Another hazards like psychological hazards might occur due to the time constraint of summer courses being only six weeks. Most risks are either caused by an unsafe condition or an unsafe act, both of which can be avoided. To assess a risk, we need to create a specific scale for both the likelihood and the severity of the risks found. Two tables have been constructed to aid us in finding the risk value and then controlling it. For the first table we will assess the likelihood versus severity in a scale of 1 to 5. Table 18 shows specific outcomes versus likelihood of those risks. Multiplying these two numbers would yield the risk value. Both columns of the table go from 1 to 5 with 5 being extreme cases for both values. Table 18 - Likelihood vs Severity Table Likelihood Severity 1. Extremely unlikely 1. No or Slight Loss of Time 2. Unlikely 2. Minor Injury / Short Delay 3. Possible 3. First Aid Injury / Delay 4. Likely 4. Lost-time Injury / Late Submission 5. Very probable 5. Hospital Visit / Failing Course After categorizing a hazard by its risk value, we must first find a response for that risk. To do so, we will use the five control measures (Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and PPE) all shown in order of significants from top to bottom in the figure above. The first and best control measure is eliminating the hazard. This is the most anticipated decision because it would disregard the risk associated completely. The second control measure is substitution, which is replacing a process with something that has less potential to cause injury. The third control is by using engineering controls like isolation or automation. The next method of control measures is administrative. Administering a procedure would lead to a reduction of hazards. This is done by either upgrading the training of students or by other means like mitigating hard tasks to professionals. Administrative could also mean consulting stakeholders on their opinions due to their experience with projects. Lastly, the least desired option is to wear personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment, as a last resort could reduce a risk by protecting the worker from the equipment or the environment. This is done by wearing equipment like an overall, safety glasses, gloves, and footwear. However, with the current circumstances of the 2020 pandemic, wearing PPE might be an important measure to use during this project. For our risk assessment, we have identified several potential risks. For each risk we will give it a likelihood of that risk to happen, a severity rating, a risk level (multiplying the likelihood by the severity), and a potential response to that hazard using critical thinking and problem solving techniques. To get the risk level, we multiplied the severity by the likelihood to get the product. For aesthetic reasons, we have decided to build a risk assessment table for each hazard category separately. Table 19 - Table of Risks Risk Likelihood Severity Risk Level Best Response Covid-19 Exposure 4 (Very Likely) 5 (Extreme) 20 (Extreme) Avoid this risk by wearing gloves, mask, and other PPEs. Losing Data 2 (Unlikely) 3 (Severe) 9 (High) Avoid by backing up data to the cloud system or Microsoft Teams Analysis of Risks If a team member goes outside of their home without a mask or any sort of personal protective equipment, the likelihood of them getting the virus is very likely. This would lead to an extreme severity of being hospitalized which might affect the student and even his or her teammates in the project. This hazard must be avoided by all cost due to how extreme its severity is. To avoid this, students should minimize their exposure to the outside world and maintain social distancing and wear PPE every time they are outside. Wearing the PPE would reduce the likelihood of the person’s exposure to the virus but the severity would stay the same. Losing documents can be very stressful and end with loss of time and missing submission deadline. Losing documents is possible due to unsafe acts, negligence, holiday break, or accidents. If the control measures above are used, the likelihood would drop to rare which means it would be extremely unlikely to happen, dropping the risk value to high instead of extreme. To avoid this, we will have to upload all documents online so all four members have a copy of the document and it would be harder to lose. Conclusion In conclusion, container houses are very effective way of living and the idea has a lot of advantages. Container houses promises innovation and freedom of design manipulation for the architectures and engineers. With some investments, one can build their sustainable container house to live in. Nowadays, with the increase of population and demand for houses, this idea would benefit a lot of clients looking for affordable housing. Countless of companies around the world have joined the market and have been renting out their houses for people to see that living in a container house isn’t as bad as they thought. By calculating both the plumbing and HVAC sizes, engineers can estimate how much energy and water the client would use annually which will go into the client’s cost analysis of this idea. Appendix A: Code of Ethics Project – Design of Container House 1. We Should ensure safety, health and welfare of public while working. 2. Engineers should act as professional while managing. 3. We should divide the work according to their importance among the group members. 4. Engineers should have professional behavior and confidentiality. 5. Engineers should reach to an agreement among each other by preforming different decision taking techniques. 6. Engineers should undertake assignments only when qualified. 7. We should respect other group members and avoid personal interest. 8. Engineers should be fair and have integrity and develop moral attitude while working. 9. Group members should follow the assigned communication method (by using Microsoft Teams and WhatsApp). 10. Every group member should be informed about all the work done. Every group member should follow the above principle. · Mohammad Esam Naghwi – 1515646. · Nadin Majid Behbehani – 1719299. · Yousef AlHajri – 1618364. · Meshari Abdulnaser AlAbbasi-1820930. Appendix B: Tables and Charts Figure A- 1 , Cooling Load Total Tables for Glass, used in calculations for the Q of Window. 1- Appendix C: 3D Drawings Figure C-1 Front View of the Container Figure C-2: Top View of The Container Figure C-3 Back View of Container 1 Figure C-3 Back View of Side 1 Figure C3 - Side view #2 of The Container House Appendix 4: Meeting Minutes Group 2 Meeting Agenda & Minutes: Meeting #1 Note Taker: [Meshari AlAbbasi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.2nd.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: [8:30 PM -9:30 PM ] [1 Hour] Agenda included: Brief introduction of project Producing the code of ethics Creating schedule for meeting agenda’s note takers Electing a leader Talked about past PBL experience Decisions & Tasks: Rotation of note takers (Meshari-Yousef-Nadin-Mohammad) Nadin is elected as the team leader. Yousef created rough draft of the Code of Ethics Each member should work on their individual drawings. Finalizing of group norms and code of ethics should be by tomorrow. A brief follow-up will be done on July 3rd. Next official meeting is Saturday July 4th. Meeting #2 Note Taker: [Yousef AlHajri] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.5th.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: [5:30 PM -6:00 PM ] [30 Minutes] Agenda included: Critical thinking and brainstorming. A follow-up on the individual AutoCAD drawings. Finalizing the code of ethics and decision matrix chart (Nine criteria were included). Discussing the importance of the learning outcome for our individual reflections. Decisions & Tasks: Each member should deliver an AutoCAD drawing at the end of week 2. Next official meeting is Thursday July 9th. Meeting #3 Note Taker: [Nadine M. Behbehani] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July 6th 2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi, Dr. Farhad Sabri] Time: [5:00 PM -5:45 PM ] [45 Minutes] Agenda included: Feedback from Dr. Farhad about uploaded documents (previous tasks) Questions regarding the project in general (Reflections, Limitations, Restrictions and HVAC systems) A brief discussion about the final CAD drawing. A better understanding about the midterm a final assessments including the viva voce. Decisions & Tasks: Finalizing the individual CAD drawings. Start working on the time management format. Adjusting the dissection matrix once done with 4 drawings completely. Meeting #4 Note Taker: [Mohammed Naghawi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.12th.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: 5:30-6 pm Agenda included: Discussing every one individual AutoCAD drawings. (designs) Talking about Gantt chart Talking about Mohammed (me) problem and how to fix it Feedback from the professor Decisions & Tasks: Talked start finalizing our designs Next official meeting is 15/7/2020. Meeting #5 Note Taker: [Yousef AlHajri] Location: [Micorsoft Teams] Date: July.13th.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi, Dr. Farhad Sabri] Time: [4:20-5:00 PM] [40 Minutes] Agenda included: Talked about our designs Feedback from the professor Talked about the incoming tasks Discussed WBS and Gantt Chart Decisions & Tasks: Members agreed to go slow this week to focus more on their exams during this week. Next official meeting 14th of July Meeting #6 Note Taker: [Nadine M. Behbehani] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July 14th 2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi, Eng. Abdullah Al-Awadhi] Time: [5:25 PM -6:00 PM ] [35 Minutes] Agenda included: Quick check-up on group progress. A brief discussion about the work breakdown structure. A brief discussion about the task distribution table. A better understanding of each member's strength and weaknesses. Decisions & Tasks: Finalising the WBS and the Gantt chart by next meeting. Distributing tasks for the group work by next meeting. Meeting #7 Note Taker: [Yousef AlHajri] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.19th.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi, Dr. Farhad Sabri] Time: [4:20 - 5:00 PM] 40 Minutes Agenda included: Discussed what drawing design to choose. A follow-up regarding both the WBS and risk assessment. Our professor introduced (Phase II of the Project) with new requirements to do. Decisions & Tasks: Tasks were distributed to each group member (3D Drawing, HVAC system, and plumbing system). Next meeting 20th of July Meeting #8 Note Taker: [Meshari AlAbbasi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.21st.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi, Eng. Abdullah AlAwadi] Time: 5:25-7:10 [1 Hour 45 Minutes] Agenda included: Q/A Session with engineer Abdullah Brainstorm ideas about the calculations and 3D design of the house Balancing workload between members Gathering resources and references Decisions & Tasks: The container house calculations will be based on two adult couple living in the house Member tasks have been divided for research purpose, however each member will have to present and educate their findings to the other members. Each member is responsible for his or her own part but others should be accountable for any questions. We talked briefly on the division of the technical report work We also gathered few questions for our next meeting with the professor on the 22nd of July. Meeting #9 Note Taker: [Yousef AlHajri] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.22nd.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi, Dr. Farhad Sabri] Time: [4:10 - 5:50 PM] 1 Hour and 40 Minutes. Agenda included: Discussed the calculation methods, and the sources we found. Q/A session with Dr. Farhad Sabri. Discussion about 3D model. Decisions & Tasks: Mohammed is going to finalize the Risk Assessment. We prepared some questions regarding the calculations of the plumping and HVAC systems for Dr. Farhad. Next meeting on 23rd, July 2020. Meeting #10 Note Taker: [Mohammed Naghawi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.23rd.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: 4 pm-5pm. 1 hour Agenda included: Feedback from the professor Showed the final product of the risk assessment, WBS and gantt chart Working on calculation Decisions & Tasks: Each member has the own responsibility for the weekend Our next meeting is Sunday 26/7/2020. Meeting #11 Note Taker: [Nadine M. Behbehani] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July. 26th. 2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi] Time: [4:45 PM -5:05 PM ] [20 Minutes] Agenda included: Calculations needed for both the HVAC and Pluming system. Discussing the insulter. Possible materials that could be used within the home. The Midterm feedback and how it could benefit the final project. Decisions & Tasks: More research regarding the calculations, insulator and materials. Adjusting the 2D drawing and making minor changes that would best fit the final submission. Next meeting on the 27th. Meeting #12 Note Taker: [Meshari AlAbbasi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July. 27th. 2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi] Time: [4:20 PM -5:10 PM ] [1 Hour 10 Minutes] Agenda included: Discussion of due dates Distribution of technical report tasks Possible materials that could be used within the home. Discuss on the submission of PowerPoint We briefly talked about some tools like PDSA Cycle and other charts that some students took in Preventive Maintenance. Decisions & Tasks: Mohammad & Nadine will work on the technical report parts that compliments their parts in the divided tasks. Meshari will write about the HVAC and the codes that are needed for it Yousef will write about the Plumbing codes. Next meeting on the 28th around 5 PM. Meeting #13 Note Taker: [Yousef AlHajri] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July.29th.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadin Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: [4:15 PM -5:00 PM ] [45 Minutes] Agenda included: Discussion about the technical report. We went through the deadlines and discussed how to meet them. Modified the responsibility matrix chart. Decisions & Tasks: Decided to change the final design. Next meeting on Friday the 31st at 7 PM. Meeting #14 Note Taker: [Nadine M. Behbehani] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: July. 31st. 2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef Al-Hajri, Meshari Al-Abbasi] Time: [7:00 PM -7:50 PM ] [50 Minutes] Agenda included: Discussions (Calculations – 2D Drawing – 3D Drawing – Used Materials – Technical report – Power Point Presentation). Decisions & Tasks: A brief check-in within the next 24 hrs. Next meeting on Aug. 2nd. Finalising the individual parts of the technical report. Finalising all calculations and drawings. Meeting #15 Note Taker: [Meshari AlAbbasi] Location: [Microsoft Teams] Date: Aug.3rd.2020 Attendees: [Mohammad Naghwi, Nadine Behbehani, Yousef AlHajri, Meshari AlAbbasi] Time: 7:00 PM – 8:40 PM [1 Hour 40 Minutes] Agenda included: Follow up on technical report notes 3D Drawing modifications Explanation of both HVAC and Plumbing calculations briefly Decisions & Tasks: PowerPoint slides have been distributed to members Next meeting August 4, to finalize technical report. References [1] Rinkesh, "Shipping Container Architecture: The New Era of Sustainable Housing," Conserve Energy Future, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/shipping-container-architecture-sustainable-housing.php.. [Accessed July 2020].
[2] K. P. I. Co., “Polyurethane,” KPI Co., 2002. [Online]. Available: https://www.kuwaitpolyurethane.com/index.php/products/details/polyurethane. [Accessed July 2020].
[3] M. o. E. &. Water, “Energy Conservation Program Code of Practice,” MEW/R-6/2014, p. 38, 2014.
[4] E. ToolBox, “ASHRAE – American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,” The Engineering ToolBox, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ashrae-d_891.html. [Accessed July 2020].
[5] J. D. Spitler, Load Calculation Applications Manual, Second ed., ASHRAE, 2014, p. 16.
[6] ASHRAE, “2015 ASHRAE HANDBOOK,” Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning APPLICATIONS, p. 1340, 2015.
[7] A. Bhatia, “Cooling Load Calculations and Principles,” CED Engineering , [Online]. Available: https://www.cedengineering.com/userfiles/Cooling%20Load%20Calculations%20and%20Principles . [Accessed july 2020].
[8] A. MyLMS, “Energy Management Slides,” 2020. [Online]. Available: http://www.mylms.ack.edu.kw. [Accessed August 2020].
[9] 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
[10] C. Oleskowicz-Popiel and M. Sobczak, “Effect of the roller blinds on heat losses through a double-glazing window during heating season in Central Europe,” ResearchGate, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260111484_Effect_of_the_roller_blinds_on_heat_losses_through_a_double-glazing_window_during_heating_season_in_Central_Europe. [Accessed August 2020].
[11] “ASHRAE Handbook Manual 2007”.
[12] A. Burdick, “Strategy Guideline: Accurate Heating and Cooling Load Calculations,” U.S. Department of Energy, June 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/51603 . [Accessed August 2020].
[13] Coolex, “Coolex General Products Brochure,” Coolex, [Online]. Available: https://www.coolex.com.kw/download/coolex/General%20Products%20Brochure . [Accessed July 2020].
[14] ASHRAE, “ASHRAE Handbook 2017,” Duct Design, p. Chapter 21, 2017.
[15] T. Luo, “These 20 Water-Stressed Countries Have the Most Solar and Wind Potential,” World Resources Institute, 10 May 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.wri.org/blog/2018/05/these-20-water-stressed-countries-have-most-solar-and-wind-potential#:~:text=Yemen%20has%20the%20highest%20average,stressed%20and%20least%20developed%20countries.. [Accessed August 2020].
[16] “What Size Water Heater Do I Need?,” Plumbing Today, [Online]. Available: https://plumbingtoday.biz/blog/what-size-water-heater-do-i-need . [Accessed August 2020].
[17] “Saving Project: Insulate Hot Water Pipes for Energy Savings,” Energy.Gov, [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/services/do-it-yourself-energy-savings-projects/savings-project-insulate-hot-water-pipes . [Accessed July 2020].
[18] “Nexus in Kuwait Opportunities For dutch Cooperation,” Netherlands Enterprise Agency. [Online]. [Accessed August 2020].
[19] “National Standard Plumbing Code,” Epubs, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://epubs.iapmo.org/NSPC/2015/mobile/index.html#p=16 . [Accessed July 2020].

Container House Project 35 August 6, 2020

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